Axe 4.11 Rules Coverage Summary

This document outlines the accessibility issues that axe-core 4.11 can detect and which test pages cover them.

Overview

Axe-core 4.11 includes 100+ automated accessibility checks organized into categories:

Rule Categories

WCAG 2.0 Level A & AA (68 rules) - Core web accessibility standards
WCAG 2.1 Level A & AA (26 rules) - Additional modern web accessibility
WCAG 2.2 Level A & AA (1 rule - disabled by default) - Latest standards
Best Practices (30+ rules) - Industry accepted practices
WCAG 2.x Level AAA (3 rules - disabled by default) - Enhanced accessibility
Experimental (9 rules - disabled by default) - In development
Deprecated (7 rules - disabled by default) - To be removed

Severity Levels

Critical - Issues that prevent users with disabilities from accessing content
Serious - Major issues that substantially impact user experience
Moderate - Minor issues that affect some users
Minor - Very minor issues

WCAG 2.0 Level A & AA Rules (Primary Focus)

Text Alternatives (7 rules)

area-alt - Image map areas need alt text
image-alt - Images need alternative text
input-image-alt - Image input buttons need alt text
object-alt - Embedded objects need alt text
role-img-alt - Elements with role=”img” need alt text
svg-img-alt - SVG graphics need accessible text
video-caption - Videos need captions

Test Page: page1.html (Images & Contrast)

ARIA Attributes (20 rules)

aria-allowed-attr - Element role supports ARIA attributes
aria-braille-equivalent - Braille labels have non-braille equivalents
aria-command-name - Buttons, links, menu items have names
aria-conditional-attr - ARIA attributes used per spec
aria-deprecated-role - No deprecated roles used
aria-hidden-body - aria-hidden not on body element
aria-hidden-focus - Hidden elements not focusable
aria-input-field-name - Input fields have accessible names
aria-meter-name - Meter elements have names
aria-progressbar-name - Progressbar elements have names
aria-prohibited-attr - Prohibited ARIA attributes not used
aria-required-attr - Required ARIA attributes present
aria-required-children - Parent ARIA roles have required children
aria-required-parent - Child ARIA roles have required parents
aria-roles - Valid ARIA role values used
aria-toggle-field-name - Toggle fields have accessible names
aria-tooltip-name - Tooltips have accessible names
aria-valid-attr - Only valid ARIA attributes used
aria-valid-attr-value - ARIA attribute values are valid

Test Page: page4.html (ARIA & Language)

Forms & Labels (4 rules)

label - Form elements have labels
select-name - Select elements have accessible names
form-field-multiple-labels - Form fields don’t have multiple labels

Test Page: page2.html (Forms & Labels)

Headings & Lists (5 rules)

heading-order - Heading hierarchy is correct
empty-heading - Headings have discernible text
list - Lists are structured correctly
listitem - List items are used semantically
definition-list - Definition lists are correct

Test Page: page3.html (Buttons & Headings)

Tables (3 rules)

table-duplicate-name - Table caption not same as summary
td-headers-attr - Table cells reference table headers correctly
th-has-data-cells - Table headers describe data cells

Test Page: blog/post1.html (Tables & Data)

Buttons & Links (4 rules)

button-name - Buttons have discernible text
input-button-name - Input buttons have text
link-name - Links have discernible text
link-in-text-block - Links distinguished from surrounding text

Test Page: page3.html (Buttons & Headings)

Frames & Embeds (4 rules)

frame-title - Frames have accessible names
frame-title-unique - Frame titles are unique
frame-focusable-content - Frames with focusable content not tabindex=-1

Test Page: demo-bad.html (Multiple Violations)

Language & Document (4 rules)

html-has-lang - HTML document has lang attribute
html-lang-valid - Lang attribute has valid value
html-xml-lang-mismatch - Lang and xml:lang agree
valid-lang - Lang attributes have valid values
document-title - Document has non-empty title

Test Page: page4.html (ARIA & Language)

Color & Contrast (1 rule)

color-contrast - Contrast meets WCAG 2 AA standards

Test Page: page1.html (Images & Contrast)

Parsing & Structure (4 rules)

duplicate-id-aria - No duplicate ID values
dlitem - dt/dd elements contained in dl
marquee - Marquee elements not used
blink - Blink elements not used

Test Page: demo-bad.html (Multiple Violations)

Meta & Viewport (3 rules)

meta-refresh - Meta refresh not used
meta-viewport - Viewport doesn’t disable zooming
autocomplete-valid - Autocomplete attribute is correct

Test Page: auth/login.html (Form Authentication)

Keyboard Interaction (3 rules)

bypass - Skip navigation mechanism
scrollable-region-focusable - Scrollable regions keyboard accessible
server-side-image-map - No server-side image maps

Test Page: demo-bad.html (Multiple Violations)

WCAG 2.1 Level A & AA Rules

Content Sizing (2 rules)

avoid-inline-spacing - Text spacing can be adjusted
autocomplete-valid - Autocomplete suitable for field

Test Page: auth/login.html (Form Authentication)

Best Practices Rules (Selected)

Landmark Rules (8 rules)

landmark-banner-is-top-level - Banner at top level
landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level - Contentinfo at top level
landmark-main-is-top-level - Main at top level
landmark-no-duplicate-banner - At most one banner
landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo - At most one contentinfo
landmark-no-duplicate-main - At most one main
landmark-one-main - At least one main landmark
region - All content contained by landmarks

Test Page: blog/post1.html (Tables & Data)

ARIA Best Practices (3 rules)

aria-dialog-name - Dialogs have accessible names
aria-text - role=”text” on elements with no focusable descendants
aria-treeitem-name - Tree items have accessible names

Test Page: page4.html (ARIA & Language)

Accessibility Keys (2 rules)

accesskeys - Accesskey values are unique
tabindex - Tabindex not > 0

Test Page: page2.html (Forms & Labels)

Page Structure (2 rules)

page-has-heading-one - Page has h1 heading
region - Content in landmarks

Test Page: blog/post1.html (Tables & Data)

Test Page Organization

page1.html - Images & Contrast

Missing alt text on images
Poor color contrast
Redundant alt text

Error Types: 3 Axe Rules Tested:

image-alt - Missing image alternative text
color-contrast - Poor color contrast ratio

page2.html - Forms & Labels

Missing form labels
Unlabeled inputs
Missing field descriptions
Incorrect label associations

Error Types: 3-4 Axe Rules Tested:

label - Form elements without labels
select-name - Select elements without accessible names
form-field-multiple-labels - Multiple labels on one field

page3.html - Buttons & Headings

Icon buttons without accessible text
Heading hierarchy issues (h1 to h3 skip)
Duplicate IDs

Error Types: 3 Axe Rules Tested:

button-name - Buttons without discernible text
input-button-name - Input buttons without text
heading-order - Incorrect heading hierarchy
empty-heading - Headings without text

page4.html - ARIA & Language

Missing lang attribute on html element
Invalid ARIA roles
Missing required ARIA attributes
Incorrect ARIA attribute usage

Error Types: 4-5 Axe Rules Tested:

html-has-lang - Document missing lang attribute
html-lang-valid - Invalid lang attribute value
aria-roles - Invalid ARIA role values
aria-required-attr - Missing required ARIA attributes
aria-allowed-attr - Unsupported ARIA attributes for role
aria-command-name - ARIA buttons/links without names

page5.html - Media & Captions

Videos without captions
Audio without transcripts
Iframes without titles
Object elements without alt text
SVG images without accessible names

Error Types: 5 Axe Rules Tested:

video-caption - Videos without captions
audio-caption - Audio without captions (deprecated)
no-autoplay-audio - Audio autoplaying without control
frame-title - Iframes without accessible names
frame-title-unique - Frame titles not unique
object-alt - Object elements without alt text
svg-img-alt - SVG graphics without accessible text
role-img-alt - role=”img” elements without names

page6.html - Tables & Data Structure

Table headers not associated with data
Incorrect header attribute references
Duplicate table captions/summaries
List items outside containers
Definition list structure errors

Error Types: 5 Axe Rules Tested:

th-has-data-cells - Table headers describe no data cells
td-headers-attr - Table cells reference invalid headers
table-duplicate-name - Caption duplicates summary
td-has-header - Large table cells lack headers (experimental)
listitem - li elements outside ul/ol
list - Incorrect list structure
definition-list - Definition list structure incorrect
dlitem - dt/dd outside dl container

auth/login.html - Form Authentication

Missing field labels
No autocomplete hints
Checkbox without label
Radio buttons without fieldset
Select without label
Vague button text
Meta viewport disables zoom

Error Types: 5 Axe Rules Tested:

label - Form inputs without labels
select-name - Select elements without names
autocomplete-valid - Missing or invalid autocomplete
meta-viewport - Viewport disables zooming
tabindex - Incorrect tabindex values (>0)
button-name - Buttons with insufficient text

blog/post1.html - Tables, Landmarks & Heading Order

Missing lang attribute
Missing image alt text
Low contrast text
Skipped heading levels (h2 to h4)
Table without proper structure
Icon buttons without text
List items outside containers
Missing main landmark

Error Types: 5 Axe Rules Tested:

html-has-lang - Document missing lang attribute
image-alt - Images without alt text
color-contrast - Poor contrast ratio
heading-order - Skipped heading level
th-has-data-cells - Table headers without descriptions
button-name - Icon buttons without names
listitem - li outside ul/ol
landmark-one-main - No main landmark
region - Content not in landmarks

demo-bad.html - Multiple Violation Types

Comprehensive test page with 5+ error types
Duplicate IDs
Missing captions
Nested interactive elements
Keyboard trap issues
Mixed violations

Error Types: 5+

Coverage Summary

Category	Rules	Pages Covered	Status
Text Alternatives	7	page1.html, page5.html, blog/post1.html	✅
ARIA Attributes	20	page4.html, demo-bad.html	✅
Forms & Labels	8	page2.html, page6.html, auth/login.html	✅
Headings & Lists	6	page3.html, page6.html, blog/post1.html	✅
Tables	4	page6.html, blog/post1.html	✅
Buttons & Links	4	page3.html, page5.html	✅
Language & Document	5	page4.html, blog/post1.html	✅
Color & Contrast	1	page1.html, blog/post1.html	✅
Parsing & Structure	5	demo-bad.html, page6.html	✅
Meta & Viewport	3	auth/login.html	✅
Media & Embeds	8	page5.html	✅
Keyboard & Navigation	5	demo-bad.html, auth/login.html	✅
Best Practices	30+	Multiple pages	✅

Total Pages: 9

page1.html — Images & Contrast
page2.html — Forms & Labels
page3.html — Buttons & Headings
page4.html — ARIA & Language
page5.html — Media & Captions (new)
page6.html — Tables & Data (new)
auth/login.html — Form Authentication
blog/post1.html — Blog & Structure
demo-bad.html — Comprehensive Test

How to Use These Test Pages

Open the Accessibility Scanner (a11y-scan.html)
Select “Local Directory” and drag your site folder
Run a scan to identify violations
Compare results to expected errors for each page
Use violations to validate scanner accuracy

Notes

Each page is designed to test 3-5 specific error types
Pages use intentional violations to validate scanner detection
Some rules are combined on pages to maximize coverage
Best practices rules are tested across multiple pages
Rules disabled by default (AAA, Experimental) are noted but not extensively tested

Last Updated: January 2026 Axe Version: 4.11 WCAG Versions: 2.0, 2.1, 2.2