Accessibility Scan Report

Title: NSF.gov — Issue: #169 Date: 7/31/2026, 7:29:30 PM Duration: 45.2m URLs: 149 / 149
Viewport: Desktop (1280×800) Color scheme: both Browser: chromium
🌙 Dark Mode: 25 / 115 URLs⚡ Reduced Motion: 10 / 115 URLs🔍 High Contrast: 25 / 115 URLs🖥️ Forced Colors: 78 / 115 URLs

🔄 Changes Since Last Scan

3222 New unique issues
🆕 New Issues (3222)

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Title keywords

VIEWPORT:desktop COLORSCHEME:both BROWSER:chromium

Issue body section

### Scan context Viewport: desktop ColorScheme: both Browser: chromium

Summary

Issues

  • By Level: A (73), AA (12), AAA (1257)
  • By Version (A & AA): WCAG 2.0 (77), WCAG 2.1 (8)
  • Engines used: AXE, ALFA
  • By Finding Type: Known errors (1569) & Best practices (389)
  • Manual testing needed: 1442 axe incomplete findings
  • Total: 1958 across 47 unique rules & 2 accessibility engines

By Severity

Critical
Serious
Moderate
Minor

By Role

UX Designer
Visual Designer
Content Author
Front-End Developer

Issues

🎯 Pages with Most Errors

Focus your efforts on these pages to make the biggest impact. Click any error count to filter the rule list below. Total counts unique findings across the active scanners, and numbers in parentheses (+N) still show findings that cover WCAG criteria already reported by axe.

Government Funding for Science and Engineering | NCSES | NSF 69
Home | NCSES | NSF 54
Surveys | NCSES | NSF 37
NCSES Section 508 WCAG 2.0 Accessibility | NCSES | NSF 29
404 Page Not Found | NCSES | NSF 28
NSF OIG 18
NSF OIG 18
FY 2026 Budget Request to Congress - NSF Budget Requests to Congress and Annual Appropriations | NSF - U.S. National Science Foundation 28
Codebook - NSF by the Numbers | NSF - U.S. National Science Foundation 34
Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences (SBE) | NSF - U.S. National Science Foundation 29

🧭 Reflow Risk (WCAG 1.4.10)

Page-level indicator: resizes to 320 CSS pixels wide and checks for horizontal overflow. This is a risk indicator, not a conformance verdict — see Behavioral Accessibility Automation for what it can and cannot detect.

Page Result Details
https://www.nsf.gov/funding/opportunities failed Horizontal overflow detected: 100px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
Home | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 46px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
NCSES Section 508 WCAG 2.0 Accessibility | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 46px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
Indicators | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 64px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
404 Page Not Found | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 46px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
Surveys | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 46px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
Discovery: R&D Activity and Research Publications | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 64px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
Government Funding for Science and Engineering | NCSES | NSF failed Horizontal overflow detected: 46px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width
https://www.nsf.gov/staff failed Horizontal overflow detected: 100px of content overflowed the viewport at 320px width

🔧 Most Common Issues (ALFA)

26 rules
1147 Serious alfa SC 2.5.5 AAA Motor SIA-R111: Interactive elements have a sufficient target size
82 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: UX Designer, Visual Designer

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 2.5.5 AAA

Disabilities affected:
Motor

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Target has insufficient size
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-c1cecfbc
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link " aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-mega-nav-section-1">...</button>
XPath: /button[@class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link "]
Example 2 View on Page
Target has insufficient size
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-92f4a881
<a class="credit__link" href="#image-caption-credit-block"> View image credit & caption</a>
XPath: /a[@class="credit__link"]
Example 3 View on Page
Target has insufficient size
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-549f0ba9
<a href="/funding/opportunities">Search for Funding</a>
XPath: /a
Example 4 View on Page
Target has insufficient size
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-ec1074ec
<a href="/focus-areas" title="Explore what we support" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline "> Explore what we support </a>
XPath: /a[@class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline "]
Example 5 View on Page
Target has insufficient size
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7f4fef9c
<button id="fba-button" data-id="f0b5f6ee" class="fba-button fixed-tab-button usa-button fba-initialized" name="fba-button" aria-label="Provide feedback" aria-haspopup="dialog" aria-controls="fba-modal-f0b5f6ee" data-open-modal="" data-once="tpfeedbackButton">Feedback</button>
XPath: /button[@id="fba-button"]
109 Moderate alfa SC 1.4.6 AAA Visual SIA-R66: Text has enhanced contrast with its background
109 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Visual Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.4.6 AAA

Disabilities affected:
Visual

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Without Perception of Color 4.3% — ~14,500,000 Americans

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The highest possible contrast of the text is 6.72:1 which is below the required contrast of 7:1
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7e4df68e
Example 2 View on Page
The highest possible contrast of the text is 6.72:1 which is below the required contrast of 7:1
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7e4df68e
Example 3 View on Page
The highest possible contrast of the text is 6.72:1 which is below the required contrast of 7:1
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7e4df68e
Example 4 View on Page
The highest possible contrast of the text is 6.72:1 which is below the required contrast of 7:1
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7e4df68e
Example 5 View on Page
The highest possible contrast of the text is 6.72:1 which is below the required contrast of 7:1
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7e4df68e
86 Moderate alfa SIA-R73: Paragraphs of text have a line height that is not too small
82 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The line height of the paragraph is `normal` which will result in a line height of less than 1.5
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8b323c69
<p>NSF's Fiscal Year 2024 enacted budget</p>
XPath: /p
Example 2 View on Page
The line height of the paragraph is `normal` which will result in a line height of less than 1.5
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8b323c69
<p>The U.S. National Science Foundation offers hundre...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 3 View on Page
The line height of the paragraph is `normal` which will result in a line height of less than 1.5
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8b323c69
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 4 View on Page
The line height of the paragraph is `normal` which will result in a line height of less than 1.5
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8b323c69
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 5 View on Page
The line height of the paragraph is `normal` which will result in a line height of less than 1.5
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8b323c69
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
81 Moderate alfa SIA-R57: Visible text content on the page is contained within a landmark region
81 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The text is not included in a landmark region
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9fb2a933
Example 2 View on Page
The text is not included in a landmark region
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9fb2a933
Example 3 View on Page
The text is not included in a landmark region
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9fb2a933
Example 4 View on Page
The text is not included in a landmark region
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9fb2a933
Example 5 View on Page
The text is not included in a landmark region
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9fb2a933
16 Moderate alfa Best Practice SIA-R53: Headings do not skip heading levels in the document outline
13 pages affected

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The heading skips one or more levels
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a0c6f609
<h3 id="help-topics">Help topics</h3>
XPath: /h3[@id="help-topics"]
Example 2 View on Page
The heading skips one or more levels
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-57d0fc52
<h4>What were the major goals and objectives of this p...</h4>
XPath: /h4
Example 3 View on Page
The heading skips one or more levels
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-57d0fc52
<h4>...</h4>
XPath: /h4
Example 4 View on Page
The heading skips one or more levels
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-57d0fc52
<h4>Total NSF Funding</h4>
XPath: /h4
Example 5 View on Page
The heading skips one or more levels
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-615a2504
<h2 class="card-title">...</h2>
XPath: /h2[@class="card-title"]
13 Moderate alfa Best Practice SIA-R61: The first heading in the document is a level 1 heading
13 pages affected

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The document does not start with a level 1 heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8563fbe5
Example 2 View on Page
The document does not start with a level 1 heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8563fbe5
Example 3 View on Page
The document does not start with a level 1 heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8563fbe5
Example 4 View on Page
The document does not start with a level 1 heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8563fbe5
Example 5 View on Page
The document does not start with a level 1 heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8563fbe5
8 Serious alfa SC 2.5.3 A Visual Cognitive SIA-R14: The visible label text of an element is included in its accessible name
7 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author, UX Designer

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 2.5.3 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

  • ACT 2ee8b8 Open ACT rule

    No other scanned engines matched this ACT rule in the current report.

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The visible text content of the element is not included within its accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6e1c545c
<a href="/about/contact" aria-label="N C S E S contact page" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Contact Us</a>
XPath: /a
Example 2 View on Page
The visible text content of the element is not included within its accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6e1c545c
<a href="/about/contact" aria-label="N C S E S contact page" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Contact Us</a>
XPath: /a
Example 3 View on Page
The visible text content of the element is not included within its accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6e1c545c
<a href="https://ncses.nsf.gov/about/contact" aria-label="N C S E S Contact Page" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Contact Us</a>
XPath: /a
Example 4 View on Page
The visible text content of the element is not included within its accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6e1c545c
<a href="/about/contact" aria-label="N C S E S contact page">Contact Us</a>
XPath: /a
Example 5 View on Page
The visible text content of the element is not included within its accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6e1c545c
<a href="/about/contact" aria-label="N C S E S contact page" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Contact Us</a>
XPath: /a
7 Moderate alfa SIA-R16
7 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The element does not have all required states and properties
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5c37a573
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">...</div>
XPath: /div[@id="gov-banner-header"]
Example 2 View on Page
The element does not have all required states and properties
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5c37a573
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">...</div>
XPath: /div[@id="gov-banner-header"]
Example 3 View on Page
The element does not have all required states and properties
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5c37a573
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">...</div>
XPath: /div[@id="gov-banner-header"]
Example 4 View on Page
The element does not have all required states and properties
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5c37a573
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">...</div>
XPath: /div[@id="gov-banner-header"]
Example 5 View on Page
The element does not have all required states and properties
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5c37a573
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">...</div>
XPath: /div[@id="gov-banner-header"]
7 Moderate alfa SIA-R74
7 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The font size is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7458f9db
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 2 View on Page
The font size is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7458f9db
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 3 View on Page
The font size is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7458f9db
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 4 View on Page
The font size is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7458f9db
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 5 View on Page
The font size is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7458f9db
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
7 Moderate alfa SIA-R80: Line heights of paragraphs of text are not defined using absolute units
7 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The line height is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6336eb80
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 2 View on Page
The line height is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6336eb80
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 3 View on Page
The line height is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6336eb80
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 4 View on Page
The line height is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6336eb80
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
Example 5 View on Page
The line height is specified using an absolute unit
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6336eb80
<p>...</p>
XPath: /p
6 Moderate alfa Best Practice SIA-R59: Document has at least one heading to identify its main content
6 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The document does not have a heading element
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0fad829d
Example 2 View on Page
The document does not have a heading element
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0fad829d
Example 3 View on Page
The document does not have a heading element
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0fad829d
Example 4 View on Page
The document does not have a heading element
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0fad829d
Example 5 View on Page
The document does not have a heading element
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0fad829d
6 Moderate alfa SIA-R87: The first focusable element on the page is a skip link to the main content
6 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The document has no tabbable descendants
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4b473950
Example 2 View on Page
The document has no tabbable descendants
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4b473950
Example 3 View on Page
The document has no tabbable descendants
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4b473950
Example 4 View on Page
The document has no tabbable descendants
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4b473950
Example 5 View on Page
The document has no tabbable descendants
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4b473950
6 Moderate alfa SIA-R113
6 pages affected

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Target has insufficient size and spacing
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-cd613c01
<a class="nsf--phone tel" href="tel:(703)292-5111" data-extlink="">...</a>
XPath: /a[@class="nsf--phone tel"]
Example 2 View on Page
Target has insufficient size and spacing
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-cd613c01
<a class="nsf--phone tel" href="tel:(703)292-5111" data-extlink="">...</a>
XPath: /a[@class="nsf--phone tel"]
Example 3 View on Page
Target has insufficient size and spacing
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-37cf18e4
<a class="topic" href="/search?query=&aois=Government Funding for Science and Engineering&topics=R%26D Funding Agreement (contract, grant, reimbursement, etc.)" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">R&D Funding Agreement (contract, grant, reimbursem...</a>
XPath: /a[@class="topic"]
Example 4 View on Page
Target has insufficient size and spacing
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-cd613c01
<a class="nsf--phone tel" href="tel:(703)292-5111" data-extlink="">...</a>
XPath: /a[@class="nsf--phone tel"]
Example 5 View on Page
Target has insufficient size and spacing
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-cd613c01
<a class="nsf--phone tel" href="tel:(703)292-5111" data-extlink="">...</a>
XPath: /a[@class="nsf--phone tel"]
6 Moderate alfa SIA-R78: Headings of the same level are not immediately adjacent without intervening content
5 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
There is no content between this heading and the next
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-93ec045c
<h3 class="card-title " data-property="title">Innovation & Global Competitiveness</h3>
XPath: /h3[@class="card-title "]
Example 2 View on Page
There is no content between this heading and the next
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-e7a0f5d1
<h3 class="topics">Government Funding for Science and Engineering Top...</h3>
XPath: /h3[@class="topics"]
Example 3 View on Page
There is no content between this heading and the next
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7058c0b3
<h3> </h3>
XPath: /h3
Example 4 View on Page
There is no content between this heading and the next
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-30ef68f0
<h2> </h2>
XPath: /h2
Example 5 View on Page
There is no content between this heading and the next
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-7058c0b3
<h3> </h3>
XPath: /h3
5 Critical alfa SC 1.1.1 A Visual SIA-R2: Images have an accessible name or are marked as decorative
5 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 1.1.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The image does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81067411
<span role="img" class="st-rss" />
XPath: /span[@class="st-rss"]
Example 2 View on Page
The image does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81067411
<span role="img" class="st-rss" />
XPath: /span[@class="st-rss"]
Example 3 View on Page
The image does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81067411
<span role="img" class="st-rss" />
XPath: /span[@class="st-rss"]
Example 4 View on Page
The image does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81067411
<span role="img" class="st-rss" />
XPath: /span[@class="st-rss"]
Example 5 View on Page
The image does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81067411
<span role="img" class="st-rss" />
XPath: /span[@class="st-rss"]
4 Moderate alfa SC 1.3.1 A Visual Cognitive SIA-R64: Heading elements have a non-empty accessible name
3 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author, Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.3.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The heading does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-39230cd2
<h4> </h4>
XPath: /h4
Example 2 View on Page
The heading does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0a1de38d
<h3> </h3>
XPath: /h3
Example 3 View on Page
The heading does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-588727e8
<h2>...</h2>
XPath: /h2
Example 4 View on Page
The heading does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0a1de38d
<h3> </h3>
XPath: /h3
3 Serious alfa SC 2.4.2 A Visual Cognitive SIA-R1: The document has a non-empty <title> element
3 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 2.4.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

  • ACT 2779a5 Open ACT rule

    No other scanned engines matched this ACT rule in the current report.

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The first `<title>` element has no text content
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a9979699
Example 2 View on Page
The first `<title>` element has no text content
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a9979699
Example 3 View on Page
The first `<title>` element has no text content
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a9979699
1 Serious alfa SC 2.4.4, SC 2.4.9, SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive SIA-R11: Link elements have an accessible name
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Content Author, UX Designer

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 2.4.4, SC 2.4.9, SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The link does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d6480cae
<a data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8d2cc248-05ed-40b1-8f8c-ba4a625574d1" data-entity-substitution="canonical" href="/cise-graduate-fellowships">...</a>
XPath: /a
1 Moderate alfa SIA-R18: ARIA states and properties are allowed for the element on which they are specified
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The attribute is prohibited for the element on which it is specified
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-ab4cde85
1 Moderate alfa SIA-R68: Elements with an explicit ARIA role have the required owned/child elements
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The element owns no elements as required by its semantic role
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a0023bdc
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">...</div>
XPath: /div[@class="carousel-inner"]
1 Moderate alfa SIA-R72
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The text of the paragraph is uppercased
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-fe59ecd3
<p class="hidden-xs focus-area">Innovation</p>
XPath: /p[@class="hidden-xs focus-area"]
1 Critical alfa SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive SIA-R8: Form fields have an accessible name
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer, UX Designer

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The form field does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5302eca8
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">...</div>
XPath: /div[@class="carousel-inner"]
1 Moderate alfa SIA-R5: The html element's lang attribute has a valid language code
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The `lang` attribute does not have a valid primary language tag
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d02917c0
1 Serious alfa SC 1.4.1 A Visual Cognitive SIA-R62: Links within blocks of text are visually distinguishable from surrounding text
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Visual Designer, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.4.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans
  • Without Perception of Color 4.3% — ~14,500,000 Americans

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The link is not distinguishable from the surrounding text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81e97ab0
<a href="/search" tabindex="0">Search NCSES</a>
XPath: /a
1 Critical alfa SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive SIA-R12: Button elements have an accessible name
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Front-End Developer, Content Author

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The button does not have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-c4e8d084
<button class="expand-view cms-v2">...</button>
XPath: /button[@class="expand-view cms-v2"]
1 Moderate alfa SC 1.4.8 AAA SIA-R71: Paragraphs of text are not fully justified
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: alfa

Roles: Visual Designer, Content Author

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.4.8 AAA

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
The text of the paragraph is justified
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b8b7b651
<p class="text-align-justify">Filters according to the institution type that has...</p>
XPath: /p[@class="text-align-justify"]

🔧 Most Common Issues (axe)

21 rules
249 Moderate axe Best Practice region: Ensures all page content is contained within landmark regions. Content outside landmarks cannot be found by screen reader users navigating by landmarks.
87 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
All page content should be contained by landmarks
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-1e5e0086
<div class="usa-footer__return-to-top" data-once="tpFeedbackRttWrapper"> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top--inner" data-once="tpFeedbackRtt"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--secondary usa-button__link" href="#" tabindex="-1"><span class="arrow"></span>Top</a> </div> </div>
XPath: .usa-footer__return-to-top
Example 2 View on Page
All page content should be contained by landmarks
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-2b3d5ecf
<div class="grid-row"> <h1 class="page-title--top"> Funding at NSF </h1> </div>
XPath: .uswds-main-content-wrapper > .grid-row:nth-child(1)
Example 3 View on Page
All page content should be contained by landmarks
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-1e5e0086
<div class="usa-footer__return-to-top" data-once="tpFeedbackRttWrapper"> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top--inner" data-once="tpFeedbackRtt"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--secondary usa-button__link" href="#" tabindex="-1"><span class="arrow"></span>Top</a> </div> </div>
XPath: .usa-footer__return-to-top
Example 4 View on Page
All page content should be contained by landmarks
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-fc937b59
<div class="grid-row"> <h1 class="page-title--top"> Funding at NSF </h1> </div>
XPath: .uswds-main-content-wrapper > .grid-row:nth-child(1)
Example 5 View on Page
All page content should be contained by landmarks
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-e5214780
<div class="usa-footer__return-to-top" data-once="tpFeedbackRttWrapper"> <div class="usa-footer__return-to-top--inner" data-once="tpFeedbackRtt"> <a class="usa-button usa-button--secondary usa-button__link" href="#" tabindex="-1"><span class="arrow"></span>Top</a> </div> </div>
XPath: .usa-footer__return-to-top
79 Moderate axe Best Practice landmark-complementary-is-top-level: Ensures the complementary landmark (<aside>) is a top-level landmark. Nested aside elements cannot be found by screen reader landmark navigation.
58 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Aside should not be contained in another landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d38b44e0
<aside aria-label="Image credits and captions" id="image-caption-credit-block" class="image-caption-credit-block usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered">
XPath: #image-caption-credit-block
Example 2 View on Page
Aside should not be contained in another landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d38b44e0
<aside aria-label="Image credits and captions" id="image-caption-credit-block" class="image-caption-credit-block usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered">
XPath: #image-caption-credit-block
Example 3 View on Page
Aside should not be contained in another landmark
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-25c96016
<aside aria-label="Image credits and captions" id="image-caption-credit-block" class="image-caption-credit-block usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered">
XPath: #image-caption-credit-block
Example 4 View on Page
Aside should not be contained in another landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d38b44e0
<aside aria-label="Image credits and captions" id="image-caption-credit-block" class="image-caption-credit-block usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered">
XPath: #image-caption-credit-block
Example 5 View on Page
Aside should not be contained in another landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d38b44e0
<aside aria-label="Image credits and captions" id="image-caption-credit-block" class="image-caption-credit-block usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered">
XPath: #image-caption-credit-block
16 Moderate axe Best Practice heading-order: Ensures heading levels are not skipped (e.g. h1→h3). Inconsistent heading hierarchy makes page structure difficult to navigate for screen reader users.
9 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Content Author, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Heading levels should only increase by one
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-27d1fbca
<h4 class="no-result-error">Please enter a search term in the box above.</h4>
XPath: h4
Example 2 View on Page
Heading levels should only increase by one
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9e155b50
<h3 id="help-topics">Help topics</h3>
XPath: #help-topics
Example 3 View on Page
Heading levels should only increase by one
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a2192f16
<h4>Total NSF Funding</h4>
XPath: .constrained-width.nsf-layout--base.layout-container--wrapper:nth-child(3) > .nsf-layout--outer > .nsf-layout--inner > .layout__region--main.layout__region > .block-inline-blockcomponent-text.nsf-component.block-layout-builder > .text__container > .text__content.text-formatted > h4
Example 4 View on Page
Heading levels should only increase by one
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-596e48cb
<h4><a href="https://nsf-gov-resources.nsf.gov/files/48-fy2026.pdf">Office of Inspector General</a></h4>
XPath: h4:nth-child(4)
Example 5 View on Page
Heading levels should only increase by one
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-08af4c71
<h4>Total NSF Funding</h4>
XPath: .constrained-width.nsf-layout--base.layout-container--wrapper:nth-child(3) > .nsf-layout--outer > .nsf-layout--inner > .layout__region--main.layout__region > .block-inline-blockcomponent-text.nsf-component.block-layout-builder > .text__container > .text__content.text-formatted > h4
15 Serious axe SC 1.3.1 A Visual Cognitive list: Ensures <ul> and <ol> contain only <li> elements. Invalid list structure prevents screen readers from announcing list item counts and navigation shortcuts.
5 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Content Author, Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.3.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8ca92d06
<ul aria-label="Our data and analysis" class="ncses-link-column">
XPath: ul[aria-label="Our data and analysis"]
Example 2 View on Page
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-03666bc9
<ul aria-label="About" class="ncses-link-column">
XPath: ul[aria-label="About"]
Example 3 View on Page
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5bf9060b
<ul aria-label="Help" class="ncses-link-column">
XPath: ul[aria-label="Help"]
Example 4 View on Page
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-8ca92d06
<ul aria-label="Our data and analysis" class="ncses-link-column">
XPath: ul[aria-label="Our data and analysis"]
Example 5 View on Page
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-03666bc9
<ul aria-label="About" class="ncses-link-column">
XPath: ul[aria-label="About"]
12 Serious axe SC 1.4.3 AA Visual color-contrast: Ensures text and interactive elements have sufficient contrast ratio (4.5:1 for normal text, 3:1 for large text) against their background.
3 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Visual Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.4.3 AA

Disabilities affected:
Visual

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Without Perception of Color 4.3% — ~14,500,000 Americans

ACT alignment

  • ACT 09o5cg Open ACT rule

    No other scanned engines matched this ACT rule in the current report.

  • ACT afw4f7 Open ACT rule

    No other scanned engines matched this ACT rule in the current report.

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-85e23ea5
<a href="/funding/entrepreneurs" title="Funding for Entrepreneurial Researchers" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline "> Funding for Entrepreneurial Researchers </a>
XPath: .link-button.usa-button--outline[href$="entrepreneurs"]
Example 2 View on Page
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-bbf970af
<a href="/funding/industry" title="Funding for Industry" class="link-button usa-button usa-button--outline "> Funding for Industry </a>
XPath: a[title="Funding for Industry"]
Example 3 View on Page
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-3dff9feb
<strong class="StrongText---richtext_strong">Office of Inspector General</strong>
XPath: .ColorText---color_custom:nth-child(2) > .SizedText---medium_plus.SizedText---predefined > strong
Example 4 View on Page
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-e39198ac
<span class="SizedText---medium SizedText---predefined">Reports &amp; Publications</span>
XPath: .ColumnLayout---column_padding_sparse.ColumnLayout---stack_when_tablet_portrait.ColumnLayout---stack_when_tablet_landscape:nth-child(1) > .FieldLayout---margin_below_even_more.FieldLayout---inDarkBackground.FieldLayout---margin_above_none:nth-child(1) > .FieldLayout---input_below > .SideBySideGroup---side_by_side.SideBySideGroup---default_direction.SideBySideGroup---top > .SideBySideItem---sparse.SideBySideItem---flex_item[data-padding-right="0"] > .FieldLayout---inScalarSideBySideItem.FieldLayout---inDarkBackground.FieldLayout---margin_below_none > .FieldLayout---input_below > div > .ParagraphText---inDarkBackground.ParagraphText---align_start > .ColorText---inDarkBackground.ColorText---color_custom > strong > .LinkedItem---inDarkBackground.elements---inDarkBackground.LinkedItem---inStrongText > .SizedText---medium.SizedText---predefined
Example 5 View on Page
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-47764d40
<span class="SizedText---medium SizedText---predefined">Whistleblower Info</span>
XPath: a[href=""] > .SizedText---medium.SizedText---predefined
9 Moderate axe Best Practice landmark-one-main: Ensures the page has exactly one main landmark. Screen reader users rely on the main landmark to skip navigation and jump directly to page content.
9 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Document should have one main landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6cb6e370
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 2 View on Page
Document should have one main landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6cb6e370
<html>
XPath: html
Example 3 View on Page
Document should have one main landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6cb6e370
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 4 View on Page
Document should have one main landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6cb6e370
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 5 View on Page
Document should have one main landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-6cb6e370
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
8 Moderate axe empty-heading
3 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Headings should not be empty
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-d82f59c0
<h4>&nbsp;</h4>
XPath: h4:nth-child(6)
Example 2 View on Page
Headings should not be empty
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a88d33d5
<h4>&nbsp;</h4>
XPath: h4:nth-child(6)
Example 3 View on Page
Headings should not be empty
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-28a3eb1c
<h3>&nbsp;</h3>
XPath: h3:nth-child(15)
Example 4 View on Page
Headings should not be empty
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-5298efd6
<h2><a name="_INSTITUTION_PROFILE"></a></h2>
XPath: h2:nth-child(18)
Example 5 View on Page
Headings should not be empty
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-0163390a
<h2>&nbsp;</h2>
XPath: h2:nth-child(23)
7 Serious axe SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive aria-allowed-attr: Ensures ARIA attributes are only used on elements where they are permitted by the ARIA specification.
4 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-eb4ba7f2
<a class="ytmVideoInfoVideoTitle" aria-level="2" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHI1Oo2YI1o"><span class="ytAttributedStringHost ytmVideoInfoLink ytAttributedStringWhiteSpaceNoWrap" style="">How NSF is transforming the WORLD 🌎</span></a>
XPath: iframe[width="854"]
Example 2 View on Page
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-005344f5
<a class="ytmVideoInfoVideoTitle" aria-level="2" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MHI1Oo2YI1o"><span class="ytAttributedStringHost ytmVideoInfoLink ytAttributedStringWhiteSpaceNoWrap" style="">How NSF is transforming the WORLD 🌎</span></a>
XPath: iframe[width="854"]
Example 3 View on Page
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-2e200cc8
<a class="ytmVideoInfoVideoTitle" aria-level="2" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2KRFKR-MmQ"><span class="ytAttributedStringHost ytmVideoInfoLink ytAttributedStringWhiteSpaceNoWrap" style="">Mysteries of Mayan Civilization | Podcast</span></a>
XPath: iframe[width="200"]
Example 4 View on Page
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9788698d
<a class="ytmVideoInfoVideoTitle" aria-level="2" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2KRFKR-MmQ"><span class="ytAttributedStringHost ytmVideoInfoLink ytAttributedStringWhiteSpaceNoWrap" style="">Mysteries of Mayan Civilization | Podcast</span></a>
XPath: iframe[width="200"]
Example 5 View on Page
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-eb4ba7f2
<a class="ytmVideoInfoVideoTitle" aria-level="2" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wO5sQcJpGMM"><span class="ytAttributedStringHost ytmVideoInfoLink ytAttributedStringWhiteSpaceNoWrap" style="">What is the Future of AI?</span></a>
XPath: iframe[width="854"]
7 Moderate axe SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive aria-required-attr
7 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Required ARIA attributes must be provided
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-82dc9b69
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">
XPath: #gov-banner-header
Example 2 View on Page
Required ARIA attributes must be provided
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-82dc9b69
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">
XPath: #gov-banner-header
Example 3 View on Page
Required ARIA attributes must be provided
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-82dc9b69
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">
XPath: #gov-banner-header
Example 4 View on Page
Required ARIA attributes must be provided
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-82dc9b69
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">
XPath: #gov-banner-header
Example 5 View on Page
Required ARIA attributes must be provided
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-82dc9b69
<div role="heading" id="gov-banner-header">
XPath: #gov-banner-header
5 Moderate axe page-has-heading-one
5 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Page should contain a level-one heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-19a7d2c7
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 2 View on Page
Page should contain a level-one heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-19a7d2c7
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 3 View on Page
Page should contain a level-one heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-19a7d2c7
<html lang="en">
XPath: html
Example 4 View on Page
Page should contain a level-one heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-19a7d2c7
<html lang="en-US" style="--appian-accent-colo...">
XPath: html
Example 5 View on Page
Page should contain a level-one heading
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-19a7d2c7
<html lang="en-US" style="--appian-accent-colo...">
XPath: html
5 Moderate axe SC 1.1.1 A Visual role-img-alt
5 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.1.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
[role="img"] elements must have alternative text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b44c451b
<span role="img" class="st-rss"></span>
XPath: .st-rss
Example 2 View on Page
[role="img"] elements must have alternative text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b44c451b
<span role="img" class="st-rss"></span>
XPath: .st-rss
Example 3 View on Page
[role="img"] elements must have alternative text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b44c451b
<span role="img" class="st-rss"></span>
XPath: .st-rss
Example 4 View on Page
[role="img"] elements must have alternative text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b44c451b
<span role="img" class="st-rss"></span>
XPath: .st-rss
Example 5 View on Page
[role="img"] elements must have alternative text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-b44c451b
<span role="img" class="st-rss"></span>
XPath: .st-rss
3 Moderate axe landmark-unique
2 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-15165b46
<header data-testid="header" class="usa-header usa-header--basic sc-fhHczv cjTEbb" styles="[object Object]">
XPath: .sc-fhHczv
Example 2 View on Page
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-9dab9b4c
<video-js class="vjs-fluid video-js v..." data-account="679256133001" data-embed="default" data-player="NkgrDczuol" data-usage="cms:drupal:10.6.11:3..." data-video-id="6094036238001" id="vjs_video_3" tabindex="-1" lang="en" translate="no" role="region" aria-label="Video Player">
XPath: #vjs_video_3
Example 3 View on Page
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination
Mode: dark 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-4c37cafb
<video-js class="vjs-fluid video-js v..." data-account="679256133001" data-embed="default" data-player="NkgrDczuol" data-usage="cms:drupal:10.6.11:3..." data-video-id="6094036238001" id="vjs_video_3" tabindex="-1" lang="en" translate="no" role="region" aria-label="Video Player">
XPath: #vjs_video_3
2 Serious axe SC 3.1.1 A Cognitive html-has-lang: Ensures the <html> element has a lang attribute. Screen readers use the language attribute to select the correct pronunciation engine.
2 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 3.1.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

  • ACT b5c3f8 Open ACT rule

    No other scanned engines matched this ACT rule in the current report.

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
<html> element must have a lang attribute
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-68aee562
<html>
XPath: html
Example 2 View on Page
<html> element must have a lang attribute
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-68aee562
<html>
XPath: html
2 Critical axe SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive button-name: Ensures buttons have discernible text so screen reader users know what action the button performs.
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, Content Author

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Buttons must have discernible text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-c9df061f
<button class="expand-view cms-v2"><i class="fa-solid fa-caret-down" style="font-size: 12px"></i></button>
XPath: .module-card:nth-child(2) > .expandable-container > .content > .expand-view.cms-v2
Example 2 View on Page
Buttons must have discernible text
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-a234e11a
<button class="expand-view cms-v2"><i class="fa-solid fa-caret-down" style="font-size: 12px"></i></button>
XPath: .module-card:nth-child(3) > .expandable-container > .content > .expand-view.cms-v2
1 Moderate axe Best Practice landmark-no-duplicate-banner: Ensures the page has only one banner landmark (<header> at top level). Multiple banners confuse screen reader users navigating by landmarks.
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, UX Designer

Blocking: No

WCAG: Best Practice

Affected Pages

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Document should not have more than one banner landmark
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-3648bfa9
<header class="usa-banner__header">
XPath: .usa-banner__header
1 Serious axe SC 4.1.2 A Visual Motor Cognitive aria-input-field-name: Ensures every ARIA input field has an accessible name so screen reader users know what information to enter.
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer, Content Author

Blocking: ⚠️ Yes (Task-Blocking)

WCAG: SC 4.1.2 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Motor Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Manipulation 2.2% — ~7,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Reach and Strength 5.8% — ~19,600,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
ARIA input fields must have an accessible name
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-81491c54
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
XPath: .carousel-inner
1 Moderate axe SC 1.3.1 A Visual Cognitive aria-required-children
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 1.3.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Visual Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Without Vision 1.0% — ~3,400,000 Americans
  • Limited Vision 2.4% — ~8,100,000 Americans
  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-ed5cbd8e
<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">
XPath: .carousel-inner
1 Moderate axe SC 3.1.1 A Cognitive html-lang-valid
1 pages affected

Rule Information

Engine: axe

Roles: Front-End Developer

Blocking: No

WCAG: SC 3.1.1 A

Disabilities affected:
Cognitive

Affected Pages

Who Is Affected

  • Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities 4.7% — ~15,900,000 Americans

ACT alignment

Examples

Example 1 View on Page
<html> element must have a valid value for the lang attribute
Mode: light 🕑 First identified: 2026-07-31 🔑 Pattern ID: A11Y-68aee562
<html lang="en_US">
XPath: html