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Where the production of paper documents is essential, it should be designed to have the lowest impact possible. Include a CSS print style sheet and test it with different types of content. Encourage saving documents in digital formats over paper-based storage and archiving.", "resources": [ { "A Guide To The State Of Print Stylesheets In 2018": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2018/05/print-stylesheets-in-2018/", "Changing Paper Consumption": "http://www.greenschools.net/article.php-id=75.html", "CSS Design: Going to Print": "https://alistapart.com/article/goingtoprint/", "GR491 - 6-3044 - Paper Printing": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=6-3044-uxui-the-flows-of-dematerialization-are-sometimes-broken", "GR491 - 9-5076 - Ink Saving": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=9-5076-frontend-the-flows-of-dematerialization-are-sometimes-broken", "GreenIT - 0031 - Provide a print CSS": "https://rweb.greenit.fr/en/fiches/RWEB_0031-provide-a-css-print", "How to Become an Eco Web Designer": "https://onextrapixel.com/how-to-become-an-eco-web-designer/", "OpQuast - 190 - The website offers styles dedicated to printing.": "https://checklists.opquast.com/en/digital-quality/the-site-provides-at-least-one-style-sheet-for-printing", "OpQuast - 191 - The content of each page can be printed without printing the navigation blocks.": "https://checklists.opquast.com/en/digital-quality/the-content-of-each-page-can-be-printed-without-navigation-blocks", "Printed - Print Friendly CSS Library": "https://printedcss.com/", "UI Tools": "https://designsustainably.eu/uitools/", "United Nations SDGS - Goal 11 - Human Habitats": "https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal11#targets_and_indicators", "United Nations SDGS - Goal 12 - Consumption & Production": "https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal12#targets_and_indicators", "Using UX Design to Build a Sustainable Future": "https://uxmag.com/articles/using-ux-design-to-build-a-sustainable-future", "Which Fonts Use The Least Ink & Toner?": "https://www.tonerbuzz.com/blog/which-fonts-use-the-least-ink-toner/" } ], "guideline": { "categoryId": "2", "categoryName": "User Experience Design", "id": "17", "title": "Reduce the impact of downloadable and physical documents", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#reduce-the-impact-of-downloadable-and-physical-documents", "subheading": "Reduce the need for physical documents as much as possible by allowing the saving of well-labeled, optimized digital downloads. Include a print style sheet to avoid resource waste." }, "benefits": [ { "Accessibility": "Providing a range of inclusively designed downloadable documents in a variety of formats benefits those with accessibility needs as they can choose the ideal format for their device and use case.", "Environment": "Reducing the need to print documents or providing a print friendly style sheet reduces emissions associated with paper, ink, and the act of printing.", "Performance": "Compressing or otherwise optimizing documents means they can be downloaded faster, avoiding users needing to wait to view documents prepared for offline viewing." } ], "example": null } }, { "guideline": "12.3", "title": "No reduced motion support", "urgency": "low", "detail": "Implement prefers-reduced-motion to allow users to disable animations, reducing compute and improving accessibility.", "wsid": "12.control animation", "assessor": "script", "example": "@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\n *, ::before, ::after {\n animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;\n animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;\n transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;\n scroll-behavior: auto !important;\n }\n}", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": { "title": "Control animation", "description": "Allow users to start, stop, pause, or otherwise control animated content.", "resources": [ { "Accessible Web Animation": "https://css-tricks.com/accessible-web-animation-the-wcag-on-animation-explained/", "Animated sites are unique, but not always accessible": "https://uxdesign.cc/animated-sites-are-unique-but-not-always-accessible-5af54fefa092", "Animation and motion": "https://web.dev/learn/accessibility/motion?hl=en-us", "Animation that fails safely": "https://adobe.design/stories/leading-design/animation-that-fails-safely-defensive-design-for-motion-sensitive-users", "GPF - General Policy Framework (PDF) - 4.1 - UX and UI (Autoplay)": "https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/general_policy_framework_for_the_ecodesign_of_digital_services_version_2024.pdf", "GPF - General Policy Framework (PDF) - 4.6 - UX and UI (Informational Media)": "https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/general_policy_framework_for_the_ecodesign_of_digital_services_version_2024.pdf", "GR491 - 7-5051 - Animation Frequency": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=7-5051-frontend-the-presentation-of-operations-on-the-front", "Let users pause/stop/hide animation": "https://marcom.wwu.edu/accessibility/guide/pause-stop-hide-animation", "prefers-reduced-motion: Sometimes less movement is more": "https://web.dev/articles/prefers-reduced-motion?hl=en", "Respecting Users' Motion Preferences": "https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2021/10/respecting-users-motion-preferences/" } ], "guideline": { "categoryId": "2", "categoryName": "User Experience Design", "id": "12", "title": "Ensure animation is proportionate and easy to control", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#ensure-animation-is-proportionate-and-easy-to-control", "subheading": "Ensure any animation deemed necessary is not overdone and that the user can control its ability to run." }, "benefits": [ { "Environment": "Disabling and reducing animation to the essential, with appropriate optimization and user control, reduces rendering impact and associated emissions.", "Performance": "Compressing, removing, or otherwise reducing animation files reduces complexity, improving performance.", "Social Equity": "Catering to different perspectives on and preferences in relation to animation can improve acceptance and access for individuals using different devices and from different backgrounds." } ], "example": "@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {\r\n\tbody *,\r\n\tbody *::before,\r\n\tbody *::after {\r\n\t\tanimation-delay: -1ms !important;\r\n\t\tanimation-duration: 1ms !important;\r\n\t\tanimation-iteration-count: 1 !important;\r\n\t\tbackground-attachment: initial !important;\r\n\t\ttransition-duration: 1ms !important;\r\n\t\ttransition-delay: -1ms !important;\r\n\t\tscroll-behavior: auto !important;\r\n\t}\r\n}" } }, { "guideline": "13.1", "title": "Missing system font fallback", "urgency": "medium", "detail": "Primary font \"Nunito\" does not appear to use a system font stack fallback. System fonts reduce network requests and improve rendering performance.", "wsid": "13.pre-installed typefaces", "assessor": "script", "example": "body {\n font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, \"Segoe UI\", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, \"Apple Color Emoji\", \"Segoe UI Emoji\";\n}", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": { "title": "Pre-installed typefaces", "description": "Use pre-installed fonts, such as system fonts, wherever possible, to reduce the reliance on user-installed or web fonts.", "resources": [ { "Apple System Fonts": "https://developer.apple.com/fonts/system-fonts/", "CSS Fonts": "https://www.cssfontstack.com/", "Fabulous Font-Face Fallbacks": "https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2024/fabulous-font-face-fallbacks/", "Fallback Font Generator": "https://screenspan.net/fallback", "Fallback lister": "https://r12a.github.io/scripts/fontlist/", "Font style matcher": "https://meowni.ca/font-style-matcher/", "GR491 - 2-4016 - System Fonts": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=2-4016-contents-system-fonts-are-embedded-in-the-presentation", "GreenIT - 0032 - Prefer standard fonts": "https://rweb.greenit.fr/en/fiches/RWEB_0032-prefer-standard-fonts", "How can we design sustainably?": "https://medium.com/@sandra.pallier/how-can-we-design-sustainably-3be7530a0f5b", "List of typefaces included with macOS": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_typefaces_included_with_macOS", "List of typefaces included with Microsoft Windows": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_typefaces_included_with_Microsoft_Windows", "Matrix of fonts bundled with Mac and Windows operating systems, Microsoft Office and Adobe Creative Suite": "https://media.24ways.org/2007/17/fontmatrix.html", "Modern Font Stacks": "https://modernfontstacks.com/", "System Font Stack": "https://systemfontstack.com/", "Using UX Design to Build a Sustainable Future": "https://uxmag.com/articles/using-ux-design-to-build-a-sustainable-future", "Web Almanac: Sustainability": "https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2024/sustainability", "Web fonts: when you need them, when you don't": "https://david-gilbertson.medium.com/web-fonts-when-you-need-them-when-you-dont-a3b4b39fe0ae" } ], "guideline": { "categoryId": "2", "categoryName": "User Experience Design", "id": "13", "title": "Use optimized and appropriate web typography", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#use-optimized-and-appropriate-web-typography", "subheading": "Provide custom fonts in the most suitable file format, but with a preference for pre-installed typefaces where possible." }, "benefits": [ { "Environment": "Reducing the number and complexity of custom fonts used reduces data transfer and rendering effort, which lowers associated emissions.", "Performance": "Using optimized web fonts or system fonts supports a smoother user experience and faster rendering.", "Social Equity": "System fonts are preinstalled and are reliable, ensuring content can always be presented fast in a font users are familiar with." } ], "example": "font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, avenir next, avenir, segoe ui, helvetica neue, helvetica, Cantarell, Ubuntu, roboto, noto, arial, sans-serif;" } }, { "guideline": "2.4", "title": "Review User Journey Efficiency", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Have a human walk through the main user journeys and verify they require the fewest steps possible. Unnecessary steps waste user time and device energy. Look for redundant confirmations, forced account creation, and non-essential interstitials.", "wsid": "2.minimize non-essential content", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#minimize-non-essential-content-interactivity-or-journeys", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "2.6", "title": "Check for Engagement Traps", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Manually review the page for patterns that artificially prolong engagement: infinite scroll, autoplay carousels, sticky overlays, and notification permission prompts. These waste user attention and device energy.", "wsid": "2.design to assist not distract", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#design-to-assist-and-not-to-distract", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "2.7", "title": "Audit for Deceptive Design Patterns", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Have a human identify dark patterns: misleading consent dialogs, hidden unsubscribe links, forced continuity, and bait-and-switch flows. Deceptive patterns waste user time and undermine trust.", "wsid": "2.avoid manipulative deceptive", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#avoid-being-manipulative-or-deceptive", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "2.14", "title": "Verify Accessible Alternatives for All Media", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Manually check that every video has captions, every audio file has a transcript, every image has meaningful alt text, and every PDF has an accessible HTML alternative. Alternatives let assistive technology users avoid re-downloading heavy formats.", "wsid": "2.offer suitable alternatives", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#offer-suitable-alternatives-for-every-format-used", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "2.18", "title": "Confirm User Research Was Conducted", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Verify that genuine user research or usability testing has informed the design. Research-driven design reduces wasted iterations, removes unnecessary features, and ensures the product meets real needs efficiently.", "wsid": "2.involve users early", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#involve-users-early-in-the-project", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "2.10", "title": "Review Content Conciseness", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Use a Large Language Model (e.g. locally or via API) to evaluate page text for conciseness and clarity. Removing superfluous text reduces payload, reading time, and inference energy for search engines indexing this content.", "wsid": "2.provide clear inclusive content", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#provide-clear-inclusive-content-with-purpose", "assessor": "ai", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "4.4", "title": "Verify Error Pages and Redirects Are Configured", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Have a human check that custom 404 and 500 error pages exist and that there are no redirect chains longer than one hop. Broken links force wasted round-trips. Redirect chains multiply transfer costs.", "wsid": "4.error pages redirection", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#setup-necessary-error-pages-and-redirection-links", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "4.10", "title": "Review CDN Usage and Geographic Distribution", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Confirm that static assets are served from a CDN and that the CDN edge nodes are geographically close to the primary audience. CDN misuse—or absence—increases last-mile transfer distance and the associated energy cost of data delivery.", "wsid": "4.content delivery networks", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#use-content-delivery-networks-cdns-appropriately", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "5.2", "title": "Confirm a Sustainability Advocate Is Assigned", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Verify that someone on the team has explicit responsibility for web sustainability. Without a designated advocate, sustainability improvements tend to be deprioritized and never reach the backlog.", "wsid": "5.assign sustainability advocate", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#assign-a-sustainability-advocate", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "5.8", "title": "Check for a Public Sustainability Statement", "urgency": "investigate", "detail": "Look for a publicly accessible sustainability statement, disclosure page, or environmental policy. Mandatory disclosure requirements are growing globally and transparency builds user trust. The statement should include measurable targets and dates.", "wsid": "5.support mandatory disclosures", "wsgUrl": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#support-mandatory-disclosures-and-reporting", "assessor": "human", "pageCount": 64, "pages": {}, "criteria": null }, { "guideline": "11.3", "title": "Incomplete media lazy loading", "urgency": "medium", "detail": "Only 0/16 images use loading=\"lazy\". Global lazy loading reduces initial data transfer and energy consumption.", "wsid": "11.lazy loading", "assessor": "script", "example": "\"Description\"\n\n", "pageCount": 63, "pages": {}, "criteria": { "title": "Lazy loading", "description": "Incorporate lazy/deferred loading from the start: Consider which media elements are immediately required, and which would be better relegated to loading on specific user interaction. Load data-intensive media on the client side, including the media itself, behind a facade - a non-functional and static representational element.", "resources": [ { "Avoid hotlinking images with Cross-Origin-Resource-Policy": "https://www.sjoerdlangkemper.nl/2024/11/27/avoid-hotlinking-images-with-corp-cross-origin-resource-policy/", "Fast load times: Optimize Your Images": "https://web.dev/explore/fast?hl=en#optimize-your-images", "GPF - General Policy Framework (PDF) - 4.1 - UX and UI (Autoplay)": "https://www.arcep.fr/uploads/tx_gspublication/general_policy_framework_for_the_ecodesign_of_digital_services_version_2024.pdf", "GR491 - 9-5071 - Autoplay": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=9-5071-frontend-active-content-uses-technical-resources-to-function.", "GR491 - 9-5068 - Lazy Loading": "https://gr491.isit-europe.org/en/crit.php?id=9-5068-frontend-when-loading-the-service-on-the-user", "GreenIT - 0051 - Use lazy loading": "https://rweb.greenit.fr/en/fiches/RWEB_0051-use-lazy-loading", "How to Defer Offscreen Images and Background Images": "https://www.debugbear.com/blog/defer-offscreen-images", "Lazy Load Background Images with the IntersectionObserver API": "https://www.debugbear.com/blog/lazy-load-background-images-intersection-observer", "Lazy load third-party resources with facades": "https://developer.chrome.com/docs/lighthouse/performance/third-party-facades?hl=en", "Lazy loading (Wikipedia)": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_loading", "Lazy loading (Performance)": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Performance/Guides/Lazy_loading", "Lazy Loading Images Based on Screen Size": "https://www.aaron-gustafson.com/notebook/lazy-loading-images-based-on-screen-size/", "Non-blocking cross-browser image rendering on the canvas": "https://calendar.perfplanet.com/2025/non-blocking-image-canvas/", "Web Almanac: Sustainability": "https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2024/sustainability" } ], "guideline": { "categoryId": "2", "categoryName": "User Experience Design", "id": "11", "title": "Optimize media to reduce resource use", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#optimize-media-to-reduce-resource-use", "subheading": "Ensure all media - including audio, video, animation, images, and other novel formats, when deemed necessary in the design, are optimized, correctly sized and formatted, use lazy loading where appropriate, with a usage policy in place." }, "benefits": [ { "Economic": "Eliminating data-intensive media entirely and using alternatives such as transcripts reduce costs associated with hosting and data transfer.", "Environment": "Reducing the battery drain associated with loading data-intensive content by preventing auto-loading or delaying it until the moment it is required reduces energy emissions associated with data transfer and renering.", "Performance": "Tailoring user experience to the device, situation, and environment of the user by having different resolutions and quality formats available reduces wasted bandwidth. This can boost performance for users who make choices to reduce the data downloaded.", "Social Equity": "Providing alternatives to data-intensive media allows with limited bandwidth or older devices to access content." } ], "example": " \n \n \n \"\"\n" } }, { "guideline": "7.3", "title": "Multiple tracking scripts detected", "urgency": "medium", "detail": "Found 3 commercial tracking scripts. Consider lightweight, privacy-focused alternatives like Plausible or Fathom to reduce JS weight and energy footprint.", "wsid": "7.analytics and tracking", "assessor": "script", "example": "\n", "pageCount": 63, "pages": {}, "criteria": { "title": "Analytics and tracking", "description": "Evaluate and remove unnecessary or unused analytics and tracking, especially any operating without user consent.", "resources": [ { "48 Cart Abandonment Rate Statistics 2023": "https://baymard.com/lists/cart-abandonment-rate", "Guide to using analytics for performance and privacy": "https://www.wholegraindigital.com/blog/guide-to-using-analytics-for-performance-and-privacy/", "Is GDPR Good for the Environment?": "https://www.mightybytes.com/insights/is-gdpr-good-for-the-environment/", "Learn Privacy": "https://web.dev/blog/introducing-learn-privacy?hl=en", "Review of Web Analytic Tools for Sustainable Design (PDF)": "https://www.techrxiv.org/users/708350/articles/692959/master/file/data/092900a237/092900a237.pdf", "Tracking Protection in Firefox For Privacy and Performance (PDF)": "https://www.ieee-security.org/TC/SPW2015/W2SP/papers/W2SP_2015_submission_32.pdf", "United Nations SDGS - Goal 1 - Poverty": "https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal1#targets_and_indicators", "United Nations SDGS - Goal 3 - Health & Well-being": "https://sdgs.un.org/goals/goal3#targets_and_indicators", "Why you should stop using Google Analytics on your website": "https://plausible.io/blog/remove-google-analytics" } ], "guideline": { "categoryId": "2", "categoryName": "User Experience Design", "id": "7", "title": "Avoid being manipulative or deceptive", "url": "https://www.w3.org/TR/web-sustainability-guidelines/#avoid-being-manipulative-or-deceptive", "subheading": "Avoid using patterns, content, tools, or techniques that may artificially manipulate or deceive the user." }, "benefits": [ { "Accessibility": "Avoiding deceptive design patterns improves user experience for people using assistive technologies, as these can be especially disruptive when using a screen reader. This improves their trust and access to your content.", "Conversion": "Avoiding deceptive patterns can result in fewer complaints, reduce barriers, and improve conversion.", "Environment": "Avoiding deceptive design patterns reduces energy consumption because users do not waste time and energy trying to undo choices they never intended to make.", "Performance": "Using ethical, non-disruptive practices will accelerate the user journey and perceived speed and reduce unnecessary friction.", "Privacy": "Ensuring compliance with ethical privacy practices and avoiding dark and deceptive patterns reduces litigation risk. It also reduces data transmission between tracking and advertising services providers." } ], "example": null } }, { "guideline": "2.5", "title": "Missing explicit navigation structure", "urgency": "medium", "detail": "No