# Accessibility bug reports — nih.gov, week 2026-W32

36 issue type(s) from 3333 pages scanned. Generated 2026-08-07 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5ab002fd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances  
**XPath / selector:** `.thumbnail-teaser.thumbnail-teaser--1col:nth-child(2) > .link--no-tag.thumbnail-teaser__link[typeof="schema:WebPage"] > .thumbnail-teaser__img > .image-style-thumbnail-large[loading="lazy"][width="200"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 133 instances; 55 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail_large/public/2025-05/20240917-blood-test.jpg?itok=8VWvchu8" width="200" height="auto" class="image-style-thumbnail-large">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 55 of 3333 scanned pages (133 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances.
2. Locate the element: .thumbnail-teaser.thumbnail-teaser--1col:nth-child(2) > .link--no-tag.thumbnail-teaser__link[typeof="schema:WebPage"] > .thumbnail-teaser__img > .image-style-thumbnail-large[loading="lazy"][width="200"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/parents-children
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2025-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-in-context
- https://nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/personal-stories
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=6
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2025-nih-research-highlights-promising-medical-findings
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=7
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-in-context?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information
- https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/parents-children
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=1
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-in-context
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/directors-nih-institutes-centers
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/nih-research-highlights
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/research-training/nih-research-highlights
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=8
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/directors-nih-institutes-centers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=7
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=6
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/about-nih/impact-nih-research
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/impact-nih-research

…and more — 55 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/parents-children

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3057ea6a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances  
**XPath / selector:** `<img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail_large/public/2025-05/20240917-blood-test.jpg?itok=8VWvchu8" width="200" height="auto">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 67 instances; 24 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 24 of 3333 scanned pages (67 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances.
2. Locate the element: <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/thumbnail_large/public/2025-05/20240917-blood-test.jpg?itok=8VWvchu8" width="200" height="auto">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/parents-children
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2025-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-in-context
- https://nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/personal-stories
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=6
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2025-nih-research-highlights-promising-medical-findings
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/research-in-context?page=0
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/nih-research-highlights
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=8
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=7
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=6
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=4
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=9
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=7
- https://nih.gov/grants-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/news
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/research-training

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/parents-children

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1f485843`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14  
**XPath / selector:** `.usa-pagination__list`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 152 instances; 152 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ul class="usa-pagination__list pager__items js-pager__items">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 152 of 3333 scanned pages (152 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14.
2. Locate the element: .usa-pagination__list
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- https://nih.gov/heal/heal-initiative-requirements/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-program/cdes-repository?page=4
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/nih-foia-library/cellpro-march-petition-documents
- https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=4
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=6
- https://www.nih.gov/press-room?page=8
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/nih-foia-library/nih-foia-log
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=2
- https://nih.gov/press-room?page=10
- https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=3
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=4
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=82
- https://nih.gov/press-room
- https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=0
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/press-room?page=1
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=7
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=7
- https://nih.gov/press-room?page=186
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=6
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=3
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0

…and more — 152 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__list.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- https://nih.gov/heal/heal-initiative-requirements/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-program/cdes-repository?page=4

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e2ce95cc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 179 instances; 179 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 179 of 3333 scanned pages (179 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-mobilizes-national-innovation-initiative-covid-19-diagnostics
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/about-nih-almanac
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/brian-berridge-tapped-manage-national-toxicology-program
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/epilepsy-study-links-mossy-brain-cells-seizures-memory-loss
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/when-test-offers-free-online-tool-help-individuals-make-informed-covid-19-testing-decisions
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-partnership-improve-success-clinical-trials-patients-parkinsons-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-use-cigarette-smoking-behavior-identify-genes-regulate-blood-pressure
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/us-clinical-trials-begin-twice-yearly-hiv-prevention-injection
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-scientists-say-advanced-vaccines-could-limit-future-outbreaks
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/telebriefing-ntp-draft-conclusions-radiofrequency-radiation-studies-rats-mice
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/third-young-adults-have-ridden-impaired-driver-nih-analysis-suggests
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/incidence-rates-some-cancer-types-have-risen-people-under-age-50
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-centralizes-peer-review-improve-efficiency-strengthen-integrity
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-selects-dr-courtney-aklin-director-national-institute-nursing-research
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-crack-down-excessive-publisher-fees-publicly-funded-research
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-radx-initiative-expands-covid-19-testing-innovation-additional-types-rapid-tests
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-pediatric-covid-19-testing-study-finds-school-aged-children-can-self-swab
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/eye-could-provide-window-brain-after-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-awards-20-million-over-five-years-bring-together-music-therapy-neuroscience
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/cdc-nih-bring-covid-19-self-testing-residents-two-locales
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hold-salt-gut-reaction-may-impair-brains-mice

…and more — 179 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r64.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e5149ddf`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul class="chosen-results">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 20 instances; 18 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 18 of 3333 scanned pages (20 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181.
2. Locate the element: <ul class="chosen-results">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=177
- https://nih.gov/heal/heal-funding-opportunities
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=2
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=3
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=1
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=184
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=7
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=1
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=10
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=175

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1443c2f7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options  
**XPath / selector:** `<th scope="row">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W31, last seen 2026-W32 (2 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options.
2. Locate the element: <th scope="row">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-72550ae2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options  
**XPath / selector:** `<td>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W31, last seen 2026-W32 (2 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options.
2. Locate the element: <td>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launch-public-private-partnership-speed-covid-19-vaccine-treatment-options

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e27d5231`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="www.cancer.gov"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 17342 instances; 3143 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="https://www.cancer.gov" class="ext" data-extlink="" target="_blank" rel="noopener nofollow noreferrer" title="(opens in a new window)">https://www.cancer.gov</a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 3143 of 3333 scanned pages (17342 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="www.cancer.gov"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/other-public-information-servers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-cells-control-waste-clearance-brain
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/promotional-materials/learn-how-you-too-can-participate-tomorrows-medical-progress-poster
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/nih-foia-library/contact-information-nih-supported-pis
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/michael-lauer-md
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/about/multi-council-working-group/brain-multi-council-working-group-mcwg-meeting-august-2026
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke

…and more — 3143 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b9fc6f77`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" class="ext" data-extlink="" target="_blank">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4715 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (4715 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/" class="ext" data-extlink="" target="_blank">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r62.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fcd33d6f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/heal/heal-initiative-requirements/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-program  
**XPath / selector:** `.usa-table-container--scrollable:nth-child(29)`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="usa-table-container--scrollable">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/heal/heal-initiative-requirements/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-program.
2. Locate the element: .usa-table-container--scrollable:nth-child(29)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/heal-initiative-requirements/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-program

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6fe78636`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge  
**XPath / selector:** `.usa-in-page-nav__link[href="#"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 21 instances; 21 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="#" class="usa-in-page-nav__link"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 21 of 3333 scanned pages (21 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge.
2. Locate the element: .usa-in-page-nav__link[href="#"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/community-champions-disability-health-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeting-rna-disease-novel-technologies-trdnt-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-data-sharing-index-s-index-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/ninds-landis-award-outstanding-mentorship
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nci-office-data-sharing-impact-prize
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/radxr-tech-act-endo-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-quantum-computing-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeted-genome-editor-delivery-targeted-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/2026-nia-mentorship-prize-competition
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/lymex-visible-voices-prize
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/rare-diseases-are-not-rare-2025-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/2026-design-biomedical-undergraduate-teams-debut-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/lymex-healthathon
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/oligonucleotide-toxicity-oligotox-open-data-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/topx-hhs-tech-sprint-ai-invisible-illness
- https://www.nih.gov/quit-thrive-challenge-community-derived-solutions-reduce-menthol-cigarette-smoking
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-quantum-sensing-technology-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/2025-100000-start-sud-startup-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/competency-menopause-integrated-therapy-commit-challenge

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/community-champions-disability-health-challenge

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a917f46f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeting-rna-disease-novel-technologies-trdnt-challenge  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#" class="usa-in-page-nav__link">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 10 instances; 10 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 10 of 3333 scanned pages (10 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeting-rna-disease-novel-technologies-trdnt-challenge.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#" class="usa-in-page-nav__link">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeting-rna-disease-novel-technologies-trdnt-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-data-sharing-index-s-index-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/ninds-landis-award-outstanding-mentorship
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nci-office-data-sharing-impact-prize
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/lymex-visible-voices-prize
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/rare-diseases-are-not-rare-2025-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/oligonucleotide-toxicity-oligotox-open-data-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/topx-hhs-tech-sprint-ai-invisible-illness
- https://www.nih.gov/quit-thrive-challenge-community-derived-solutions-reduce-menthol-cigarette-smoking
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/2025-100000-start-sud-startup-challenge

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeting-rna-disease-novel-technologies-trdnt-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-data-sharing-index-s-index-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/ninds-landis-award-outstanding-mentorship

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1687da13`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181  
**XPath / selector:** `.chosen-search-input`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 37 instances; 33 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" readonly="" data-bef-auto-submit-exclude="true">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 33 of 3333 scanned pages (37 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181.
2. Locate the element: .chosen-search-input
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=4
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=178
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=177
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=2
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=3
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=6
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=1
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=183
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=7
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=4
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=184
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=9
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=184
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8

…and more — 33 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8

---

## Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-edba72fa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-1467ea8a`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge  
**XPath / selector:** `div[aria-multiselectable="true"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 43 instances; 30 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div aria-multiselectable="true" class="usa-accordion usa-accordion--bordered paragraph paragraph--type--uswds-accordion paragraph--view-mode--default">
```

### Description
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-attr on 30 of 3333 scanned pages (43 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge.
2. Locate the element: div[aria-multiselectable="true"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/brain-initiative/about/vision/brain-2025-scientific-vision
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/dissemination/u24-program/u24-faqs
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/brain-initiative/about/vision/brain-20-neuroethics-enabling-enhancing-neuroscience-advances-society
- https://www.nih.gov/brain/about/vision/brain-2025-scientific-vision
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/blueprint-research-initiatives/blueprint-neurotherapeutics-network-bpn-small-molecules
- https://nih.gov/brain/about/budget
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/about/budget
- https://nih.gov/brain/funding/funding-opportunities
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/resources
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/blueprint-research-initiatives/blueprint-medtech
- https://nih.gov/brain/about/vision/brain-20-cells-circuits-toward-cures
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/about/vision/brain-20-neuroethics-enabling-enhancing-neuroscience-advances-society
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/radxr-tech-act-endo-challenge
- https://nih.gov/heal/resources
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/targeted-genome-editor-delivery-targeted-challenge
- https://nih.gov/brain-initiative/funding/funding-opportunities
- https://nih.gov/brain/about/vision/brain-2025-scientific-vision
- https://www.nih.gov/brain/research/dissemination/u24-program/u24-faqs
- https://www.nih.gov/brain/about/resources/communications-toolkit
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/oligonucleotide-toxicity-oligotox-open-data-challenge
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/basics
- https://www.nih.gov/brain/about/vision/brain-20-cells-circuits-toward-cures
- https://www.nih.gov/brain/funding/funding-opportunities
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-quantum-sensing-technology-challenge

…and more — 30 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove ARIA attributes that aren't allowed on this role/element.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/brain-initiative/about/vision/brain-2025-scientific-vision
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/dissemination/u24-program/u24-faqs

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-475b28ce`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181  
**XPath / selector:** `<input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" readonly="">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 17 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 17 of 3333 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181.
2. Locate the element: <input class="chosen-search-input" type="text" autocomplete="off" readonly="">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=177
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=2
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=3
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=1
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=184
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=179
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=5
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=8
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=7
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=1
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=10
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=175

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=181
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/visitor-information/request-tour-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases?page=0

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e01eba07`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo  
**XPath / selector:** `.media--view-mode-full-width.media.media--type-image:nth-child(1) > .field--name-field-long-caption.text-formatted.field--type-text-long`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 22 instances; 11 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-field-long-caption field--type-text-long field--label-hidden field__item">NIH logo instituted in 1969.</div>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 11 of 3333 scanned pages (22 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo.
2. Locate the element: .media--view-mode-full-width.media.media--type-image:nth-child(1) > .field--name-field-long-caption.text-formatted.field--type-text-long
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/research-tools
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history/tree-hippocrates
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/organization/history
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/training
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/tree-hippocrates
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/organization/history
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/about-nih/history
- https://nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/research-tools

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/research-tools
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9c6d72b1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "NIH logo instituted in 1969."`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 15 instances; 7 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (15 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo.
2. Locate the element: text: "NIH logo instituted in 1969."
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/research-tools
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history/tree-hippocrates
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/organization/history
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/tree-hippocrates
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/about-nih/history

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/history/history-nih-logo
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research/research-tools
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/history/tree-hippocrates

---

## lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e7a698a2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-dd1c019f`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs  
**XPath / selector:** `li:nth-child(12) > a[lang="esp"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `valid-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 48 instances; 24 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="https://salud.nih.gov/preguntele-a-carla" lang="esp">Pregúntele a Carla</a>
```

### Description
lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 24 of 3333 scanned pages (48 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs.
2. Locate the element: li:nth-child(12) > a[lang="esp"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2019
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-15-2022
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-october-15-2020
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-16-2021
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-may-11-2023
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-october-15-2020
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/contact-ocpl
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-15-2022
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-march-15-2018
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-june-20-2019
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-6-2018
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-16-2021
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-march-18-2021
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/contact-ocpl
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-wednesday-march-6-2024
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-wednesday-march-6-2024
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/contact-ocpl
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2019

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2019

---

## Element with lang attribute has correct language (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2e52a405`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-400f3a18`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs  
**XPath / selector:** `@lang="esp"`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r7` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r7))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 26 instances; 13 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Element with lang attribute has correct language. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r7 on 13 of 3333 scanned pages (26 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs.
2. Locate the element: @lang="esp"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r7 against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-may-11-2023
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-15-2022
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-march-15-2018
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-june-20-2019
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-16-2021
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/contact-ocpl
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-wednesday-march-6-2024
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-wednesday-march-6-2024
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2019

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r7

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/public-affairs
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-may-11-2023

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a60aee69`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Get the Latest Updates and FAQs"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 83133 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (83133 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: text: "Get the Latest Updates and FAQs"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-24731f3e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="usa-banner__header-text">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5298 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (5298 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <p class="usa-banner__header-text">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3306edba`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<a class="usa-button" href="/web-modernization">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 45734 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (45734 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <a class="usa-button" href="/web-modernization">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-423fdc33`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `.usa-alert`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 6272 instances; 3143 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="usa-alert">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 3143 of 3333 scanned pages (6272 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: .usa-alert
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=14
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/other-public-information-servers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-cells-control-waste-clearance-brain
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/promotional-materials/learn-how-you-too-can-participate-tomorrows-medical-progress-poster
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/nih-foia-library/contact-information-nih-supported-pis
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/michael-lauer-md
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/about/multi-council-working-group/brain-multi-council-working-group-mcwg-meeting-august-2026
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke

…and more — 3143 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c42b5471`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `article[data-history-node-id="19626"] > div > h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2440 instances; 2337 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3></h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 2337 of 3333 scanned pages (2440 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: article[data-history-node-id="19626"] > div > h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-cells-control-waste-clearance-brain
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/promotional-materials/learn-how-you-too-can-participate-tomorrows-medical-progress-poster
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-home-test-treat-pilot-covid-19-telehealth-program
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-microbe-drives-autoimmunity
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances

…and more — 2337 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/adults-prediabetes-lifestyle-intervention-lowered-risk-developing-multiple-chronic-conditions
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6ad8a6b0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer  
**XPath / selector:** `#block-nih2-uswds-search`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1403 instances; 1400 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="search-block-form usa-form block block-search container-inline" data-drupal-selector="search-block-form" id="block-nih2-uswds-search" role="search">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 1400 of 3333 scanned pages (1403 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer.
2. Locate the element: #block-nih2-uswds-search
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-cells-control-waste-clearance-brain
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/gut-microbe-drives-autoimmunity
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/neural-signature-predicts-antidepressant-response
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/rural-youth-often-lack-access-suicide-prevention-services
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/drug-may-slow-development-type-1-diabetes
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/structure-hepatitis-c-proteins-reveals-viral-vulnerabilities
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-excess-niacin-may-promote-cardiovascular-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/stopping-scar-tissue-improves-healing-after-heart-attack-mice
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters?page=0
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/ai-tool-predicts-response-cancer-therapy
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/comparing-heart-failure-drugs

…and more — 1400 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/immune-cells-control-waste-clearance-brain
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-98baebe9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/node  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 43 instances; 43 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#" class=" js">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 43 of 3333 scanned pages (43 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/node.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/node
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://nih.gov/about-nih
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2019
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-october-15-2020
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-may-11-2023
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-october-15-2020
- https://nih.gov/heal
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-march-15-2018
- https://nih.gov/node
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-june-20-2019
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-september-6-2018
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-march-18-2021
- https://www.nih.gov/neuroscience-blueprint
- https://nih.gov/brain
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-blueprint-neuroscience-research
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/about-nih
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/grants-funding
- https://nih.gov/news-events
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/health-care-providers

…and more — 43 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.nih.gov/node
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-thursday-january-10-2019
- https://nih.gov/about-nih

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-993249c8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `article[data-history-node-id="19626"] > div > h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 344 instances; 344 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3></h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 344 of 3333 scanned pages (344 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: article[data-history-node-id="19626"] > div > h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-home-test-treat-pilot-covid-19-telehealth-program
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-mobilizes-national-innovation-initiative-covid-19-diagnostics
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-new-office-advance-human-based-research-reduce-animal-use
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-director/statements/statement-selection-dr-rick-woychik-senior-advisor-nih-director-make-america-healthy-again-strategy
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/about-nih-almanac
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-nih-launch-next-generation-universal-vaccine-platform-pandemic-prone-viruses
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/brian-berridge-tapped-manage-national-toxicology-program
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/epilepsy-study-links-mossy-brain-cells-seizures-memory-loss
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/when-test-offers-free-online-tool-help-individuals-make-informed-covid-19-testing-decisions
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-partnership-improve-success-clinical-trials-patients-parkinsons-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-use-cigarette-smoking-behavior-identify-genes-regulate-blood-pressure
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/roadmap-guide-progress-toward-replacing-animal-use-toxicity-testing
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2018-research-highlights-promising-medical-advances
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/us-clinical-trials-begin-twice-yearly-hiv-prevention-injection
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-scientists-say-advanced-vaccines-could-limit-future-outbreaks
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/telebriefing-ntp-draft-conclusions-radiofrequency-radiation-studies-rats-mice
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/third-young-adults-have-ridden-impaired-driver-nih-analysis-suggests
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/aging-may-change-some-brain-cells-more-others
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2018-research-highlights-promising-medical-advances

…and more — 344 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-heading.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/nih-complement-animal-research-experimentation-nams-reduction-practice-challenge
- https://www.nih.gov/challenges/supplements-facts-first-digital-adventure-every-age-challenge

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9e2721f4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication  
**XPath / selector:** `img[alt="Health Literacy"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 9 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img loading="eager" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser_900x527/public/2025-02/clear-comm-health-literacy_0.jpg?itok=WgUQl-_B 1x" width="900" height="auto" src="/sites/default/files/styles/tea
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (9 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication.
2. Locate the element: img[alt="Health Literacy"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication
- https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/clear-communication

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1028ee42`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/include-project/faqs/faqs-omics-phenotypes-related-down-syndrome-include-project  
**XPath / selector:** `th:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W30, last seen 2026-W32 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th>
			<p>&nbsp;</p>
			</th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/include-project/faqs/faqs-omics-phenotypes-related-down-syndrome-include-project.
2. Locate the element: th:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/include-project/faqs/faqs-omics-phenotypes-related-down-syndrome-include-project

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2f978f3c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** https://www.nih.gov/virtual-tour  
**XPath / selector:** `video`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<video class="ct-app-background__media--video" autoplay="" muted="" loop="" crossorigin="anonymous" playsinline="" role="presentation">
							<source src="https://nih.hostexp.com/videos/VID_202209131
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.nih.gov/virtual-tour.
2. Locate the element: video
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.nih.gov/virtual-tour

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e9d9b4c7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Descripción de la agencia"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3188 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (3188 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Descripción de la agencia"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9aace67a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1582 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (1582 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e90b87ef`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "NIH Websites Are Changing"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6329 instances; 1582 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 1582 of 3333 scanned pages (6329 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: text: "NIH Websites Are Changing"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://www.nih.gov/brain-initiative/research/tools-technologies-brain-cells-circuits/brain-initiative-cell-census-network
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/brain/research/systems-neuroscience
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/nih-style-guide/person-first-destigmatizing-language
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes

…and more — 1582 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e4633f59`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1219 instances; 1171 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 1171 of 3333 scanned pages (1219 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/potent-antibodies-found-people-recovered-covid-19
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-exercise-can-protect-against-alzheimers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/sleep-exercise-may-reduce-mutation-driven-inflammation
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/skin-compounds-associated-attractiveness-mosquitoes
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2021-research-highlights-human-health-advances-0
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/machine-learning-identifies-federally-protected-waters
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/improving-control-bionic-prosthetic-hands
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-turning-discovery-into-health/our-biggest-health-challenges/heart-disease-stroke
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/obesity-metabolic-health
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-september-19-2013
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/brain-stimulation-can-affect-memory-older-adults
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/cerebellum-connects-brains-reward-system
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/blood-tests-show-promise-early-alzheimers-diagnosis
- https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/2024-nih-research-highlights-human-health-advances
- https://nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office/community-liaison-council-meeting-minutes-july-17-2014
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/environmental-influences-child-health-outcomes-echo-program/funding/idea-states-pediatric-clinical-trials-network-data-coordinating-operations-center-foa
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/faster-better-images-cutting-edge-microscopes
- https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/brain-initiative/about/vision/brain-2025-scientific-vision
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/stopping-scar-tissue-improves-healing-after-heart-attack-mice
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/ai-tool-predicts-response-cancer-therapy
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins

…and more — 1171 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/mrna-vaccine-treat-pancreatic-cancer
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials

---

## Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-84436d62`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4c341c77`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="nih-subtitle">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r85` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 416 instances; 320 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 320 of 3333 scanned pages (416 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <p class="nih-subtitle">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r85.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/norka-ruiz-bravo-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/what-we-do/nih-almanac/national-institute-environmental-health-sciences-niehs
- https://nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/advancing-mecfs-research/events/circulation-january-11-2024
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/tara-schwetz-phd
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-mobilizes-national-innovation-initiative-covid-19-diagnostics
- https://nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/advancing-mecfs-research/events/genomics-genetic-susceptibilities-november-1-2023
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-find-genetic-basis-important-risk-factor-blinding-eye-disease
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/brian-berridge-tapped-manage-national-toxicology-program
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/epilepsy-study-links-mossy-brain-cells-seizures-memory-loss
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/when-test-offers-free-online-tool-help-individuals-make-informed-covid-19-testing-decisions
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-scientists-test-animal-model-surgical-technique-improve-cell-therapy-dry-amd
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-partnership-improve-success-clinical-trials-patients-parkinsons-disease
- https://nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/john-w-diggs-phd
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-use-cigarette-smoking-behavior-identify-genes-regulate-blood-pressure
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/us-clinical-trials-begin-twice-yearly-hiv-prevention-injection
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-scientists-say-advanced-vaccines-could-limit-future-outbreaks
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/telebriefing-ntp-draft-conclusions-radiofrequency-radiation-studies-rats-mice
- https://www.nih.gov/about-nih/nih-almanac/dewitt-stetten-jr-md-phd
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/fresh-energy-supply-may-shield-nerves-diabetic-or-chemo-induced-neuropathy
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/third-young-adults-have-ridden-impaired-driver-nih-analysis-suggests
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/two-dose-therapy-s-aureus-bloodstream-infections-par-standard-treatment

…and more — 320 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r85.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- http://mailto:RADxInfo@nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-funded-clinical-trial-links-frequent-anger-increased-risk-heart-disease

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b8de1a6c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 154 instances; 128 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 128 of 3333 scanned pages (154 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-mobilizes-national-innovation-initiative-covid-19-diagnostics
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/brian-berridge-tapped-manage-national-toxicology-program
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/when-test-offers-free-online-tool-help-individuals-make-informed-covid-19-testing-decisions
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-partnership-improve-success-clinical-trials-patients-parkinsons-disease
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/researchers-use-cigarette-smoking-behavior-identify-genes-regulate-blood-pressure
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/us-clinical-trials-begin-twice-yearly-hiv-prevention-injection
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-scientists-say-advanced-vaccines-could-limit-future-outbreaks
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/telebriefing-ntp-draft-conclusions-radiofrequency-radiation-studies-rats-mice
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/third-young-adults-have-ridden-impaired-driver-nih-analysis-suggests
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/incidence-rates-some-cancer-types-have-risen-people-under-age-50
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-centralizes-peer-review-improve-efficiency-strengthen-integrity
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-selects-dr-courtney-aklin-director-national-institute-nursing-research
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-crack-down-excessive-publisher-fees-publicly-funded-research
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-radx-initiative-expands-covid-19-testing-innovation-additional-types-rapid-tests
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-awards-20-million-over-five-years-bring-together-music-therapy-neuroscience
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/cdc-nih-bring-covid-19-self-testing-residents-two-locales
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/clinical-trial-finds-no-difference-fluid-treatment-options-pediatric-sepsis
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/flu-infection-study-increases-understanding-natural-immunity
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-prioritize-human-based-research-technologies
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/one-dose-antibiotic-treats-early-syphilis-well-three-doses
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-researchers-use-genomics-set-squamous-cell-carcinomas-apart-other-cancers
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-experts-call-transformative-research-approach-end-tuberculosis

…and more — 128 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/hhs-doubles-ai-backed-childhood-cancer-research-funding
- https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/investigational-covid-19-therapeutics-be-evaluated-large-clinical-trials
- https://nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-tuberculous-meningitis-drug-regimen-begins