{
 "schema_version": "0.1",
 "site": "nih.gov",
 "scan_week": "2026-W40",
 "generated_at": "2026-09-30T18:09:56.270Z",
 "source_files": [
  "docs/reports/nih.gov/2026-W40/",
  "data/nih.gov/findings.json",
  "data/nih.gov/2026-W40/summary.json"
 ],
 "summary": {
  "pages_known": 4818,
  "pages_scanned_this_week": 2247,
  "pages_with_known_issues": 45,
  "findings": 17,
  "clusters": 19,
  "new_findings": 0,
  "persistent_findings": 11,
  "high_priority_findings": 2
 },
 "top_risks": [
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-8ade3360",
   "rule_id": "link-in-text-block",
   "rule_label": "Links must be distinguishable without relying on color",
   "severity": "Serious",
   "priority": "p1",
   "trend": "worsening",
   "pages_affected": 15,
   "rationale": "Serious severity; worsening trend",
   "top_url": "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women"
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-a0bdbdf6",
   "rule_id": "list",
   "rule_label": "<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements",
   "severity": "Serious",
   "priority": "p1",
   "trend": "worsening",
   "pages_affected": 2,
   "rationale": "Serious severity; worsening trend",
   "top_url": "https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=15"
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-efd91fdd",
   "rule_id": "sia-r62",
   "rule_label": "Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "trend": "worsening",
   "pages_affected": 8,
   "rationale": "worsening trend",
   "top_url": "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women"
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-646b1e0b",
   "rule_id": "sia-r66",
   "rule_label": "Text has enhanced contrast",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "trend": "worsening",
   "pages_affected": 8,
   "rationale": "worsening trend",
   "top_url": "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women"
  }
 ],
 "findings": [
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-8ade3360",
   "fingerprint": "8bf51706",
   "rule_id": "link-in-text-block",
   "rule_label": "Links must be distinguishable without relying on color",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": "1.4.1",
   "wcag_name": "Use of Color",
   "wcag_level": "A",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.0 A",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Serious",
   "priority": "p1",
   "confidence": "high",
   "rationale": "Serious severity; worsening trend",
   "trend": {
    "status": "worsening",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 16,
    "affected_pages_current": 15,
    "affected_pages_previous": 22
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 72,
    "pages_affected": 15,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)",
   "description": "Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 15 of 2247 scanned pages (72 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule link-in-text-block (WCAG 1.4.1).",
   "actual_behavior": "Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 15 of 2247 scanned pages (72 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "b360072c",
     "html": "<a href=\"https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/prevention-perinatal-transmission\" class=\"ext\" data-extlink=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" title=\"(opens in a new window)\"",
     "selectors": [
      "p:nth-child(5) > a[rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\"][title=\"(opens in a new window)\"][data-extlink=\"\"]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "fingerprint": "e8546f7c",
     "html": "<a href=\"http://impaactnetwork.org/index.htm\" class=\"ext\" data-extlink=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" title=\"(opens in a new window)\">International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent",
     "selectors": [
      "p:nth-child(7) > a[rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\"][title=\"(opens in a new window)\"][data-extlink=\"\"]"
     ]
    },
    {
     "fingerprint": "ecc9e0dd",
     "html": "<a href=\"https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03048422\" class=\"ext\" data-extlink=\"\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\" title=\"(opens in a new window)\">NCT03048422</a>",
     "selectors": [
      "p:nth-child(15) > a[rel=\"noopener nofollow noreferrer\"][title=\"(opens in a new window)\"][data-extlink=\"\"]"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository",
     "count": 2
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [
     {
      "code": "WPC",
      "group": "Without color perception",
      "prevalence": 0.045,
      "percent": "4.5%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LV",
      "group": "Limited vision",
      "prevalence": 0.024,
      "percent": "2.4%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     }
    ],
    "summary": "Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%)."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-a0bdbdf6",
   "fingerprint": "ca0fa40f",
   "rule_id": "list",
   "rule_label": "<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": "1.3.1",
   "wcag_name": "Info and Relationships",
   "wcag_level": "A",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.0 A",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Serious",
   "priority": "p1",
   "confidence": "low",
   "rationale": "Serious severity; worsening trend",
   "trend": {
    "status": "worsening",
    "first_observed": "2026-W29",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 10,
    "affected_pages_current": 2,
    "affected_pages_previous": 2
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 2,
    "pages_affected": 2,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)",
   "description": "<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule list (WCAG 1.3.1).",
   "actual_behavior": "<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=15",
    "https://nih.gov/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository?page=13"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "0662122e",
     "html": "<ul class=\"usa-pagination__list pager__items js-pager__items\">",
     "selectors": [
      ".usa-pagination__list"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository",
     "count": 2
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [
     {
      "code": "WV",
      "group": "Without vision",
      "prevalence": 0.01,
      "percent": "1.0%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LV",
      "group": "Limited vision",
      "prevalence": 0.024,
      "percent": "2.4%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LCLA",
      "group": "Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability",
      "prevalence": 0.11,
      "percent": "11.0%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     }
    ],
    "summary": "Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%)."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-f18df681",
   "fingerprint": "09987718",
   "rule_id": "region",
   "rule_label": "All page content should be contained by landmarks",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Best Practice",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "high",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 16,
    "affected_pages_current": 15,
    "affected_pages_previous": 23
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 30,
    "pages_affected": 15,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 15 of 2247 scanned pages (30 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule region.",
   "actual_behavior": "All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 15 of 2247 scanned pages (30 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "9c1e323b",
     "html": "<div class=\"usa-alert\">",
     "selectors": [
      ".usa-alert"
     ]
    },
    {
     "fingerprint": "16269d5d",
     "html": "<h2 id=\"system-breadcrumb\" class=\"visually-hidden\">Breadcrumb</h2>",
     "selectors": [
      "#system-breadcrumb"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/heal/award-policy/data-sharing-policy/common-data-elements-cdes-repository",
     "count": 2
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-efd91fdd",
   "fingerprint": "12434796",
   "rule_id": "sia-r62",
   "rule_label": "Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": "1.4.1",
   "wcag_name": "Use of Color",
   "wcag_level": "A",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.0 A",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "worsening trend",
   "trend": {
    "status": "worsening",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 11
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 25,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)",
   "description": "Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (25 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 (WCAG 1.4.1).",
   "actual_behavior": "Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (25 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [
     {
      "code": "WPC",
      "group": "Without color perception",
      "prevalence": 0.045,
      "percent": "4.5%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LV",
      "group": "Limited vision",
      "prevalence": 0.024,
      "percent": "2.4%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     }
    ],
    "summary": "Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%)."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-646b1e0b",
   "fingerprint": "afad441e",
   "rule_id": "sia-r66",
   "rule_label": "Text has enhanced contrast",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": "1.4.6",
   "wcag_name": "Contrast (Enhanced)",
   "wcag_level": "AAA",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.x AAA",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "worsening trend",
   "trend": {
    "status": "worsening",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 11
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 390,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)",
   "description": "Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (390 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 (WCAG 1.4.6).",
   "actual_behavior": "Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (390 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-2208081b",
   "fingerprint": "40bbca09",
   "rule_id": "sia-r73",
   "rule_label": "Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": "1.4.8",
   "wcag_name": "Visual Presentation",
   "wcag_level": "AAA",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.x AAA",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 12
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 25,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)",
   "description": "Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (25 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 (WCAG 1.4.8).",
   "actual_behavior": "Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (25 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-cb53cc4d",
   "fingerprint": "1738fa81",
   "rule_id": "sia-r111",
   "rule_label": "Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced)",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": "2.5.5",
   "wcag_name": "Target Size (Enhanced)",
   "wcag_level": "AAA",
   "wcag_version": "2.1",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.x AAA",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 12
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 206,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)",
   "description": "Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (206 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 (WCAG 2.5.5).",
   "actual_behavior": "Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (206 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-d25f622d",
   "fingerprint": "98ff321a",
   "rule_id": "heading-order",
   "rule_label": "Heading levels should only increase by one",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Best Practice",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "Moderate severity on 8 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 19
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 8,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (8 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule heading-order.",
   "actual_behavior": "Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (8 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "49d5321b",
     "html": "<h3></h3>",
     "selectors": [
      "article[data-history-node-id=\"9456\"] > div > h3",
      "article[data-history-node-id=\"8956\"] > div > h3"
     ]
    },
    {
     "fingerprint": "56b516e0",
     "html": "<h3>At a Glance</h3>",
     "selectors": [
      ".callout__text > h3"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-e05344b9",
   "fingerprint": "9d7a222a",
   "rule_id": "sia-r18",
   "rule_label": "aria attribute is permitted for element role",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 12
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 16,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (16 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18.",
   "actual_behavior": "aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (16 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-7118fead",
   "fingerprint": "0d932ac9",
   "rule_id": "sia-r61",
   "rule_label": "Form field label is visible",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 12
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 8,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (8 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61.",
   "actual_behavior": "Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (8 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-c18be945",
   "fingerprint": "8634e2fd",
   "rule_id": "sia-r57",
   "rule_label": "Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 14,
    "affected_pages_current": 8,
    "affected_pages_previous": 12
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 32,
    "pages_affected": 8,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (32 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57.",
   "actual_behavior": "Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 8 of 2247 scanned pages (32 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/brain/funding/dissemination-supplements",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-8806389c",
   "fingerprint": "ffb2ae06",
   "rule_id": "landmark-unique",
   "rule_label": "Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Best Practice",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "Moderate severity on 5 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W29",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 12,
    "affected_pages_current": 5,
    "affected_pages_previous": 11
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 5,
    "pages_affected": 5,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 5 of 2247 scanned pages (5 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. \"Primary\" and \"Footer\" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule landmark-unique.",
   "actual_behavior": "Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 5 of 2247 scanned pages (5 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined",
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/depression-may-stall-development-new-neurons"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "3b57434b",
     "html": "<div class=\"search-block-form usa-form block block-search container-inline\" data-drupal-selector=\"search-block-form\" id=\"block-nih2-uswds-search\" role=\"search\">",
     "selectors": [
      "#block-nih2-uswds-search"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/depression-may-stall-development-new-neurons",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-f054f4a4",
   "fingerprint": "5fa3b5a6",
   "rule_id": "sia-r53",
   "rule_label": "Headings are structured hierarchically",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "medium",
   "rationale": "Moderate severity on 5 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 13,
    "affected_pages_current": 5,
    "affected_pages_previous": 10
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 5,
    "pages_affected": 5,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 5 of 2247 scanned pages (5 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53.",
   "actual_behavior": "Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 5 of 2247 scanned pages (5 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "https://nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-3c632d31",
   "fingerprint": "7d010b8c",
   "rule_id": "sia-r64",
   "rule_label": "Element has required owned roles",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": "1.3.1",
   "wcag_name": "Info and Relationships",
   "wcag_level": "A",
   "wcag_version": "2.0",
   "wcag_category": "WCAG 2.0 A",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "low",
   "rationale": "Moderate severity on 2 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 11,
    "affected_pages_current": 2,
    "affected_pages_previous": 4
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 2,
    "pages_affected": 2,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)",
   "description": "Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 (WCAG 1.3.1).",
   "actual_behavior": "Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [
     {
      "code": "WV",
      "group": "Without vision",
      "prevalence": 0.01,
      "percent": "1.0%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LV",
      "group": "Limited vision",
      "prevalence": 0.024,
      "percent": "2.4%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     },
     {
      "code": "LCLA",
      "group": "Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability",
      "prevalence": 0.11,
      "percent": "11.0%",
      "estimatedExcluded": null
     }
    ],
    "summary": "Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%)."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-4c341c77",
   "fingerprint": "aada626a",
   "rule_id": "sia-r85",
   "rule_label": "Keyboard trap does not exist",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "low",
   "rationale": "Moderate severity on 2 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W29",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 11,
    "affected_pages_current": 2,
    "affected_pages_previous": 4
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 2,
    "pages_affected": 2,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85.",
   "actual_behavior": "Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-2cd767ca",
   "fingerprint": "3123e4f3",
   "rule_id": "sia-r78",
   "rule_label": "Table header has scope",
   "engine": "alfa",
   "tool": "Siteimprove Alfa",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Undetermined",
   "rule_url": "https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78",
   "severity": "Moderate",
   "priority": "p3",
   "confidence": "low",
   "rationale": "persistent across weeks",
   "trend": {
    "status": "persistent",
    "first_observed": "2026-W29",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 9,
    "affected_pages_current": 2,
    "affected_pages_previous": 3
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 2,
    "pages_affected": 2,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": null,
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78.",
   "actual_behavior": "Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  },
  {
   "finding_id": "VS-0066c67d",
   "fingerprint": "67db3700",
   "rule_id": "empty-heading",
   "rule_label": "Headings should not be empty",
   "engine": "axe-core",
   "tool": "axe-core",
   "wcag_sc": null,
   "wcag_name": null,
   "wcag_level": null,
   "wcag_version": null,
   "wcag_category": "Best Practice",
   "rule_url": "https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI",
   "severity": "Minor",
   "priority": "p4",
   "confidence": "low",
   "rationale": "Minor severity on 2 pages",
   "trend": {
    "status": "improving",
    "first_observed": "2026-W25",
    "last_observed": "2026-W40",
    "weeks_observed": 12,
    "affected_pages_current": 2,
    "affected_pages_previous": 6
   },
   "frequency": {
    "instances": 2,
    "pages_affected": 2,
    "total_pages_scanned": 2247
   },
   "on_key_page": false,
   "summary": "Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)",
   "description": "Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "remediation_tip": "Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.",
   "suggested_fix": "See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI",
   "expected_behavior": "Element passes axe-core rule empty-heading.",
   "actual_behavior": "Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 2 of 2247 scanned pages (2 instances).",
   "testing_environment": "Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.",
   "representative_urls": [
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis"
   ],
   "html_fragments": [
    {
     "fingerprint": "49d5321b",
     "html": "<h3></h3>",
     "selectors": [
      "article[data-history-node-id=\"9456\"] > div > h3",
      "article[data-history-node-id=\"8956\"] > div > h3"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "url_patterns": [
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
     "count": 1
    },
    {
     "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis",
     "count": 1
    }
   ],
   "associated_technologies": [],
   "impact": {
    "groups": [],
    "summary": "Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing."
   }
  }
 ],
 "clusters": {
  "by_wcag_criterion": [
   {
    "cluster_id": "77bde739",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": "1.4.1",
    "wcag_name": "Use of Color",
    "wcag_level": "A",
    "findings": [
     "VS-8ade3360",
     "VS-efd91fdd"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 23,
    "max_severity": "Serious"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "0649d9b9",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-f18df681"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 15,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "71f257a8",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": "1.4.6",
    "wcag_name": "Contrast (Enhanced)",
    "wcag_level": "AAA",
    "findings": [
     "VS-646b1e0b"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "140fec0b",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": "1.4.8",
    "wcag_name": "Visual Presentation",
    "wcag_level": "AAA",
    "findings": [
     "VS-2208081b"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "b393058c",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": "2.5.5",
    "wcag_name": "Target Size (Enhanced)",
    "wcag_level": "AAA",
    "findings": [
     "VS-cb53cc4d"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "e08c8d69",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-d25f622d"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "0c75ddb8",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-e05344b9"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "75cf28e4",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-7118fead"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "36ac08de",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-c18be945"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 8,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "c7d2a838",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-8806389c"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 5,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "b05da4e9",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-f054f4a4"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 5,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "423bd52e",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": "1.3.1",
    "wcag_name": "Info and Relationships",
    "wcag_level": "A",
    "findings": [
     "VS-a0bdbdf6",
     "VS-3c632d31"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 4,
    "max_severity": "Serious"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "ae948132",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-4c341c77"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 2,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "4b43ba23",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-2cd767ca"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 2,
    "max_severity": "Moderate"
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "7774d667",
    "type": "wcag_criterion",
    "wcag_sc": null,
    "wcag_name": null,
    "wcag_level": null,
    "findings": [
     "VS-0066c67d"
    ],
    "total_pages_affected": 2,
    "max_severity": "Minor"
   }
  ],
  "by_url_pattern": [
   {
    "cluster_id": "436e56a4",
    "type": "url_pattern",
    "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-begins-large-hiv-treatment-study-pregnant-women",
    "findings": [
     "VS-f054f4a4",
     "VS-3c632d31",
     "VS-4c341c77",
     "VS-2cd767ca",
     "VS-0066c67d"
    ],
    "total_pages": 5
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "16169b09",
    "type": "url_pattern",
    "pattern": "/news-events/news-releases/nih-northwestern-scientists-develop-potential-new-approach-stop-cancer-metastasis",
    "findings": [
     "VS-3c632d31",
     "VS-4c341c77",
     "VS-2cd767ca",
     "VS-0066c67d"
    ],
    "total_pages": 4
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "b9b09097",
    "type": "url_pattern",
    "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-age-alters-sepsis-outcomes",
    "findings": [
     "VS-8806389c",
     "VS-f054f4a4"
    ],
    "total_pages": 2
   },
   {
    "cluster_id": "44c38f05",
    "type": "url_pattern",
    "pattern": "/news-events/nih-research-matters/asthma-cases-dropped-when-air-pollution-declined",
    "findings": [
     "VS-8806389c",
     "VS-f054f4a4"
    ],
    "total_pages": 2
   }
  ]
 },
 "technology_findings": [],
 "third_party_findings": [],
 "metadata": {
  "generator": "vital-core",
  "schema_version": "0.1",
  "total_pages_scanned": 2247,
  "notes": [
   "Healthy pages (no known issues) are intentionally excluded.",
   "Representative examples are used instead of complete occurrence lists.",
   "Fingerprints are stable hashes for tracking recurring patterns over time.",
   "Fragment fingerprints normalize volatile attributes (id, style, data-*) before hashing.",
   "Technology lift values indicate association, not causation.",
   "Confidence reflects sample size: high=10+ affected pages, medium=3-9, low=1-2."
  ]
 }
}