# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W24

60 issue type(s) from 833 pages scanned. Generated 2026-07-06 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2b8ff38f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<button class="btn btn-search search-submit search-button" type="button">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 554 instances; 64 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 64 of 833 scanned pages (554 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html.
2. Locate the element: <button class="btn btn-search search-submit search-button" type="button">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/nondiscrimination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/lessons/mapping-ph.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/acercacdc/director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/lessons
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/privacy.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/Other/disclaimer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/child-health.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/accessibility.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/public-comments.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/about_the_journal/Student_Scientific_Training_Committee.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/exhibitions_permanent.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/index.htm

…and more — 64 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/nondiscrimination.html

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0c976fe4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/oeeo/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Office of Equal Employment Opportunity">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 65 instances; 34 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 34 of 833 scanned pages (65 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/oeeo/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Office of Equal Employment Opportunity">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/acercacdc/director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/public-health-gateway/php/communications-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/moringa-05-26/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/recommended-vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/awareness-day/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeowe/no-fear-act
- https://www.cdc.gov/mycoplasma/es/infeccion-por-mycoplasma-pneumoniae.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/soft-cheese-06-26/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-adults/es/recommended-vaccines/cuales-vacunas-se-recomiendan-para-usted.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/saintpaul-04-26/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-dashboard-nonfatal-discharge-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/hcp/diagnosis-testing/evaluating-an-ill-person-for-vhf.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/outbreaks/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/pubsnum-sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/data-research/scientific-evidence-briefs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about/mononucleosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/safe-labs/php/resources-tools
- https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/es/about/acerca-de-los-huracanes-y-otras-tormentas-tropicales.html

…and more — 34 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f7dedddb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[height="8"][alt=" "][width="140"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 988 instances; 95 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 95 of 833 scanned pages (988 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[height="8"][alt=" "][width="140"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031443.htm

…and more — 95 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-08349140`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 318 instances; 29 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 29 of 833 scanned pages (318 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm.
2. Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001324.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000829.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001043.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000751.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049495.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm

…and more — 29 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-251ab653`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `ol`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 5 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ol type="1">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 5 of 833 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm.
2. Locate the element: ol
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001887.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001928.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050577.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001887.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001928.htm

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b608c9b5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/phleads/php/about  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(2)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li>Increased effectiveness of leadership and data science training programs.</li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 1 of 833 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/phleads/php/about.
2. Locate the element: .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(2)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/phleads/php/about

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fe113868`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul style="Display:block" class="ulHide">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 614 instances; 46 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 46 of 833 scanned pages (614 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: <ul style="Display:block" class="ulHide">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/clinical-guidance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-immunization/diseases/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeowe/no-fear-act
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/foods/antimicrobial-resistance.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/variant-creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/data-research/facts-stats
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-response-and-recovery/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/variant-creutzfeldt-jakob/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/tobacco-features/surgeon-generals-report.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/disability-and-health/articles-documents/providers-recommend-physical-activity.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-conditions/food-allergies
- https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/budget/covid-19-funding/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/summer-travel/travel-safely/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sleeping-sickness/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/scientific-integrity/php/human-subjects-protection/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/signs-symptoms/alzheimers.html

…and more — 46 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-324423db`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research  
**XPath / selector:** `<td class="us-cases left-border" width="50%">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 1 of 833 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research.
2. Locate the element: <td class="us-cases left-border" width="50%">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8b353cb5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 1 of 833 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0738f8ee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/rss  
**XPath / selector:** `.mb-3.card > .card-body > p > a`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 20 instances; 9 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="https://www.cdc.gov/cdc-info/forms/contact-us.html">Send us a message</a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 9 of 833 scanned pages (20 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/rss.
2. Locate the element: .mb-3.card > .card-body > p > a
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/surveillance/communication.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/appendix-a-type-duration.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/worker-safety/engineering-controls.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/appendix-a-table-3.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/worker-safety/selecting-ppe-workplace.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/surveillance/case-investigation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/surveillance/communication.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/appendix-a-type-duration.html

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-75c13fee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/rss  
**XPath / selector:** `<a ng-href="https://tools.cdc.gov/api/v2/resources/media/285740.rss" target="_blank" class="card-link" href="https://tools.cdc.gov/api/v2/resources/media/285740.rss">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 13 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 1 of 833 scanned pages (13 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/rss.
2. Locate the element: <a ng-href="https://tools.cdc.gov/api/v2/resources/media/285740.rss" target="_blank" class="card-link" href="https://tools.cdc.gov/api/v2/resources/media/285740.rss">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5ad4b063`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule:nth-child(31) > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 1 of 833 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule:nth-child(31) > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cfcf0f9f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 60 instances; 34 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 34 of 833 scanned pages (60 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/php/transmission/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/az/temas-salud.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/Default.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/rap/post-market-evals/registered-certification-marks.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5853a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0180_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0057_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0073.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0072.htm

…and more — 34 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/php/transmission/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f690cd9b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 11 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 11 of 833 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/health-topics.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0236_fr.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/lyme/about/index.html

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fed1d7fe`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 94 instances; 94 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 94 of 833 scanned pages (94 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031443.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/toc.htm

…and more — 94 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4c129392`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 28 instances; 28 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 28 of 833 scanned pages (28 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001324.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000829.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001043.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000751.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049495.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001318.htm

…and more — 28 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-436a55e9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#Email`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 13 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input type="text" class="email" id="Email" name="email" value="" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 13 of 833 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: #Email
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind2003_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index88.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6423a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-dashboard-nonfatal-discharge-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index86.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index91.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pubs/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index97.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5907a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind2003_su.html

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9298892d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 7 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/9RnkRCCkSdc?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 7 of 833 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-survivors/patients/clinical-trials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radon/features/jackie-story.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/anaplasmosis/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/signs-symptoms/alzheimers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radon/hcp/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/about/alzheimers.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer-survivors/patients/clinical-trials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radon/features/jackie-story.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-57feb9e5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/hcp/data-research/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#dataTableSection__CaseFatalityRateofSpottedFeverRickettsiosisbyAgeGroup-2008-2013 > .table-container > table > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 1 of 833 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/hcp/data-research/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #dataTableSection__CaseFatalityRateofSpottedFeverRickettsiosisbyAgeGroup-2008-2013 > .table-container > table > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/hcp/data-research/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a6570acb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-2`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 1 of 833 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7a22775a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<input type="text" class="email" id="Email" name="email">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 4 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 4 of 833 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: <input type="text" class="email" id="Email" name="email">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-dashboard-nonfatal-discharge-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index86.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-dashboard-nonfatal-discharge-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index86.html

---

## Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-37cb9344`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a2a3dffb`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research  
**XPath / selector:** `<svg width="986.265625" height="279.86000061035156" class="linear   false false" role="img">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r90` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Component with same name serves same purpose. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r90 on 1 of 833 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research.
2. Locate the element: <svg width="986.265625" height="279.86000061035156" class="linear   false false" role="img">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r90 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f9509094`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.wm-label`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 183 instances; 91 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span class="wm-label" style="position: absolute; left: 3px; display: inline; cursor: text; color: rgb(204, 204, 204);">Choose a topic above</span>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 91 of 833 scanned pages (183 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: .wm-label
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/orr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/accessibility.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind2003_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031443.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index88.html

…and more — 91 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f5fd4be4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Related Pages"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 823 instances; 151 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 151 of 833 scanned pages (823 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-foundation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/interactive-map-tool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-hospital-outcomes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2026/cdc-activates-emergency-operations-center-for-new-world-screwworm-response.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/clinical-guidance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rocky-mountain-spotted-fever/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/public-health-gateway/php/communications-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/heart-valve-disease.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-immunization/diseases/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2026/cdc-warns-of-listeria-outbreak-linked-to-requeson-soft-ricotta-cheese.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/prevention/index.html

…and more — 151 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html

---

## lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8d472d88`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-dd1c019f`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-textblock > ul[lang="”ru\""]`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `valid-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ul lang="”ru"" xml:lang="”ru"">
```

### Description
lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 1 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-textblock > ul[lang="”ru\""]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

---

## Element with lang attribute has correct language (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6060da0e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-400f3a18`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@lang="”ru""`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r7` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r7))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Element with lang attribute has correct language. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r7 on 1 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html.
2. Locate the element: @lang="”ru""
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r7 against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/language-assistance.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r7

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e21e263d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "
					Here's how you know
					"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11092 instances; 281 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 281 of 833 scanned pages (11092 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "
					Here's how you know
					"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/events/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/glossary/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-foundation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/interactive-map-tool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-hospital-outcomes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/nondiscrimination.html

…and more — 281 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3da036c2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1254 instances; 63 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 63 of 833 scanned pages (1254 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/about/contact.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0252.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0216.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/hhe/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/anthrax/php/surface-sampling/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/about_the_journal/Student_Scientific_Training_Committee.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm

…and more — 63 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bcf39bc5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2446 instances; 46 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 46 of 833 scanned pages (2446 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0252.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0216.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/about_the_journal/Student_Scientific_Training_Committee.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001324.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/for_authors/submit_inquiry.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2021/20_0545.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/newborn-screening/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000829.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health

…and more — 46 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-df9eee27`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 182 instances; 5 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 5 of 833 scanned pages (182 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-755ccf24`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<button class="btn btn-outline-white btn-arrow-down btn-fancy" id="megaButton">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11254 instances; 301 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 301 of 833 scanned pages (11254 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <button class="btn btn-outline-white btn-arrow-down btn-fancy" id="megaButton">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/events/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/glossary/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-foundation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/interactive-map-tool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-hospital-outcomes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/nondiscrimination.html

…and more — 301 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d078b20d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-site-gov-notice`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 5552 instances; 812 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-site-gov-notice noindex noprint" aria-label="Official website of the United States government">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 812 of 833 scanned pages (5552 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-site-gov-notice
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/php/transmission/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/worker-comp/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/2019_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-por-clamidia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7509a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nvsn/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/vaers/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/lessons/safe-water.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lls
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/lassa-fever/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-flu-vaccine-benefits.html

…and more — 812 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/index.html

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-486998ce`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 15 instances; 15 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="插入電子郵件" value="插入電子郵件" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 15 of 833 scanned pages (15 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0180_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0057_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0073.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0184_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0167_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0059_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0236_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0033_zhs.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm

---

## Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ec9f4f24`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7430f84c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#content"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `tabindex` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 3 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content" tabindex="1">Skip to site content</a>
```

### Description
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 3 of 833 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#content"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pubs/default.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/pubs/default.html

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-48572422`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 371 instances; 360 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 360 of 833 scanned pages (371 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/php/transmission/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/worker-comp/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chlamydia/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-por-clamidia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/vaers/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lls
- https://www.cdc.gov/lassa-fever/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/toolkit/chloramines-and-pool-operation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/strongyloides/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/epi-elective/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/skin-exposure/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-education/staying-healthy/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html

…and more — 360 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/soccer/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/emergency-preparedness/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f7363d73`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/2019_TOC.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(5)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 182 instances; 134 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3><a id="December" class="onThisPageAnchor" title="December" name="December"></a>December</h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 134 of 833 scanned pages (182 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/2019_TOC.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(5)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/2019_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7509a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/22_0307.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/az/temas-salud.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/acercacdc/director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/public-health-gateway/php/communications-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7521a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7521a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2026/26_0069.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7508a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7508a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0252.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7314a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0216.htm

…and more — 134 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/2019_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7509a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7123642c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 105 instances; 105 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 105 of 833 scanned pages (105 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind2003_su.html

…and more — 105 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-da9f128a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 93 instances; 93 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 93 of 833 scanned pages (93 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/index.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control
- https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh
- https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/obesity
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/measles/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mycoplasma/es/infeccion-por-mycoplasma-pneumoniae.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/child-development/index.html

…and more — 93 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-fever/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/family-health-history/index.html

---

## Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-317b50cc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-424cced9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-footer > footer`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<footer>
```

### Description
Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level on 2 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-footer > footer
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

---

## Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f967233f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-054101da`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-header`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-banner` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header class="container cdc-header">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one banner landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner on 2 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-header
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

---

## Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-adf31905`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-b465dfd7`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-footer`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<footer class="container cdc-footer noindex" role="contentinfo">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo on 2 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-footer
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one contentinfo landmark (<footer> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9476706b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#headerSearch"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#headerSearch" tabindex="2">Skip to search</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 2 of 833 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#headerSearch"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3a72c3d5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0498.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(7) > td[scope="row"][align="left"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td colspan="1" rowspan="1" scope="row" align="left" valign="top">Hospitals, clinics, WIC locations, federally qualified health centers</td>
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 1 of 833 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0498.htm.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(7) > td[scope="row"][align="left"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0498.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-afb72d0e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule:nth-child(27) > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div > .table-bordered.table-hover > .main\|primary > tr:nth-child(1) > th[scope="col"]:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 15 instances; 6 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th scope="col"></th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 6 of 833 scanned pages (15 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule:nth-child(27) > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div > .table-bordered.table-hover > .main\|primary > tr:nth-child(1) > th[scope="col"]:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5853a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0074.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors/reports/animal-contact-outbreaks-2017.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a99b486a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/moringa-05-26/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `img[alt="Mogo moringa"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 3 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/salmonella/media/images/2026/05/MOGO-brand-Pure-Moringa-Oleifera.png" alt="Mogo moringa" role="presentation">
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 3 of 833 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/moringa-05-26/index.html.
2. Locate the element: img[alt="Mogo moringa"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/moringa-05-26/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/prevent-suicide/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/soft-cheese-06-26/investigation.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/moringa-05-26/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/prevent-suicide/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/soft-cheese-06-26/investigation.html

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1b40caf3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/spanish  
**XPath / selector:** `.menu-container > .navbar.navbar-expand-lg > .container > .cdc-logo.navbar-brand[href$="spanish/"] > .cdc-logo--img`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 8 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/TemplatePackage/5.0/img/logo/logo-notext.svg" alt="Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades" class="cdc-logo--img">
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 2 of 833 scanned pages (8 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/spanish.
2. Locate the element: .menu-container > .navbar.navbar-expand-lg > .container > .cdc-logo.navbar-brand[href$="spanish/"] > .cdc-logo--img
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-88a19cd1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(122)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3></h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 1 of 833 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(122)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/2025_TOC.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-24fb1454`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Skip directly to search"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4689 instances; 270 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 270 of 833 scanned pages (4689 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/events/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/glossary/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-foundation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/interactive-map-tool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-hospital-outcomes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/nondiscrimination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/programs/index.html

…and more — 270 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bf68fc7c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 245 instances; 226 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 226 of 833 scanned pages (245 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/data-research/index-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pef/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/project-firstline/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/leadership/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/prevention
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/events/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/glossary/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-foundation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/interactive-map-tool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/whats-new/2023-2024-hospital-outcomes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/caring-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/divisions-offices/cfa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2026/cdc-activates-emergency-operations-center-for-new-world-screwworm-response.html

…and more — 226 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/oeeo/policies/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/continuing-education/php/types-of-ce/index.html

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-210a0968`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `body`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 13351 instances; 126 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" background="../../../images/bkgnd.gif" class=" dmat-load-complete">

<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../../
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 126 of 833 scanned pages (13351 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: body
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7509a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/22_0307.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7521a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7521a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2026/26_0069.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7508a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7508a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7314a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm

…and more — 126 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7509a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f4bb4e1e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 623 instances; 79 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Weekly</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 79 of 833 scanned pages (623 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031443.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032992.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000773.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048324.htm

…and more — 79 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-edaf68d9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 94 instances; 69 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 69 of 833 scanned pages (94 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000810.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001972.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049452.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00024934.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001055.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000162.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031443.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032992.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000773.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048324.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm

…and more — 69 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__big-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001276.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9e29d566`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 62 instances; 43 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 43 of 833 scanned pages (62 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/acercacdc/director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/public-health-gateway/php/communications-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/75/wr/mm7508a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7508a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0252.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7314a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/25_0216.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/child-health.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7415a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/2023_TOC.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6915e3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/about_the_journal/Student_Scientific_Training_Committee.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/stories/annette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2021/20_0545.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000829.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm

…and more — 43 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/acercacdc/director.html

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-896d739e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 41 instances; 41 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 41 of 833 scanned pages (41 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia
- https://www.cdc.gov/stem
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh
- https://www.cdc.gov/nors/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/zika/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mycoplasma/es/infeccion-por-mycoplasma-pneumoniae.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/long-term-care-facilities/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/hcp/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety
- https://www.cdc.gov/media
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish
- https://www.cdc.gov/budget
- https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/newborn-screening/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health

…and more — 41 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foia

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2ef8b99d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 29 instances; 29 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 29 of 833 scanned pages (29 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026130.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033542.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015539.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000692.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001324.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000829.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001043.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000751.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049495.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm

…and more — 29 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033013.htm

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-48a4af2b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 50 instances; 25 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 25 of 833 scanned pages (50 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0029.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0071_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0185.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0180_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0057_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0073.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0184_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0167_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0059_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0236_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0033_zhs.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075.htm

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b3595700`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/rss  
**XPath / selector:** `<h6>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 28 instances; 10 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 10 of 833 scanned pages (28 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/rss.
2. Locate the element: <h6>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/treatment/antiviral-drugs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research
- https://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/alzheimers-dementia/about/alzheimers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/advisory-committee-director/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/site.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rss
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/site.html

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-43c1d6a3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11 instances; 6 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 6 of 833 scanned pages (11 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/about/contact.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/accessibility.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index86.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/patient-safety/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/about/speakers/request-a-speaker.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index94.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/about/contact.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/other/accessibility.html

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-68ab14d0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 4 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 4 of 833 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030693.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048503.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045974.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030693.htm

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3ded51e4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-small" id="DFESlider4eUYVlU2vJ" data-loop="true" data-responsive="{"0":"1","991":"2.34"}">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 2 of 833 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W24 (1 week)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 2 of 833 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-small" id="DFESlider4eUYVlU2vJ" data-loop="true" data-responsive="{"0":"1","991":"2.34"}">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/measles/data-research