# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W28

75 issue type(s) from 1967 pages scanned. Generated 2026-07-24 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-60fa70e9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3643 instances; 338 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 338 of 1967 scanned pages (3643 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Drug+overdose
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/anle.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/extrusionpl.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/faq_enrollment.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasfaqs.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm

…and more — 338 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5695c2b6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/forecast-outbreak-analytics/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 135 instances; 86 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 86 of 1967 scanned pages (135 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/forecast-outbreak-analytics/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Center for Forecasting and Outbreak Analytics">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/communication-resources/stop-tb-poster.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/brfss
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2012-125_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/es/about/desastres-naturales-y-tiempo-severo-antes-durante-y-despues.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/sudors-dashboard-fatal-overdose-data-accessible.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ehe/php/about/goals.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/es/treatment/como-tratar-la-varicela.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hurricanes/es/php/preparedness-and-safety-messaging/mensajes-de-preparacion-y-seguridad-respecto-a-huracanes-inundaciones-y-desastres-similares.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hpv/hcp/educational-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/about/atlasplus.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/historias/jessica.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/about/fentanyl.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/video/2017-158d_sp/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid1578_sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lab-training/php/courses/lc-ms-biochemical-genetics-laboratory.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/communication-resources/staying-on-track-with-tb-medicine-booklet.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/index.html

…and more — 86 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d0c14f51`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 3587 instances; 400 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 400 of 1967 scanned pages (3587 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017982.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001843.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4920md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5810a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm

…and more — 400 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-394e6abc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1681 instances; 201 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 201 of 1967 scanned pages (1681 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000381.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5819a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5723a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5838a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000345.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020077.htm

…and more — 201 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm

---

## Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-dd05ed2d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9429bb8d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html  
**XPath / selector:** `div[role="tablist"]:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-children` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div id="accord" role="tablist">
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html.
2. Locate the element: div[role="tablist"]:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-62c1d671`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `ol`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 36 instances; 26 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ol type="1">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 26 of 1967 scanned pages (36 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm.
2. Locate the element: ol
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/progestin-only-contraceptives.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/lactational-amenorrhea-method.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015104.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/changes-from-2016.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/tibsnum.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001762.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049310.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017800.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023108.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017486.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/tests-before-contraception.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00040662.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016728.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2023/safety-for-school-workers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017625.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017673.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016258.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001625.htm

…and more — 26 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__list.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020077.htm

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-01ba3f35`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > li:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 21 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li>Swelling or soreness where the vaccine provider gave the vaccine</li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (21 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > li:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco-health-equity/collection/regional-quitting-tobacco.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco-health-equity/collection/regional-quitting-tobacco.html

---

## Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0c2a8710`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-07ba3b17`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html  
**XPath / selector:** `div[role="tablist"]:nth-child(1) > div[role="tabpanel"]:nth-child(2) > .opt-in.table-bordered.table-sm`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `td-headers-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table class="opt-in table table-bordered table-sm" border="1">
```

### Description
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html.
2. Locate the element: div[role="tablist"]:nth-child(1) > div[role="tabpanel"]:nth-child(2) > .opt-in.table-bordered.table-sm
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/adult-age.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fschedules%2Fhcp%2Fimz%2Fadult.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/adult-age.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fschedules%2Fhcp%2Fimz%2Fadult.html

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-57a50388`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1634 instances; 114 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 114 of 1967 scanned pages (1634 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <ul>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/reports/annual-summary-2020.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/data-research/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/treatment/inactive-tuberculosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/sickle-cell-trait/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-control/athome/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/brfss
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory-systems/php/biological-risk-management/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/disability-and-health/articles-documents/socioeconomic-factors-race-and-ethnicity.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/es/about/desastres-naturales-y-tiempo-severo-antes-durante-y-despues.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/agricultural-water/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/breast-cancer-in-young-women/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/prevention/como-prevenir-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/after/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/anthropometry/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/rx-awareness/treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/handwashing/show-me-the-science-handwashing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/newsroom/updates/upd-08-30-24.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/beef-grinding-records.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/about/index.html

…and more — 114 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a0ec3b86`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 6 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 6 of 1967 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5619a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5708a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5410a2.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-97d4c447`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2023.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<td class="c linecontent" colspan="5">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3095 instances; 5 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 5 of 1967 scanned pages (3095 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2023.htm.
2. Locate the element: <td class="c linecontent" colspan="5">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0060.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035md.htm?s_cid=mm6035md_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0060.htm

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4d8b2430`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table2b_LLCP.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<th class="text-left" headers="State" scope="row" align="left">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 96 instances; 5 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 5 of 1967 scanned pages (96 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table2b_LLCP.html.
2. Locate the element: <th class="text-left" headers="State" scope="row" align="left">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table2b_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/person-to-person/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/person-to-person/locations.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table2b_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/person-to-person/index.html

---

## Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7d97efbe`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33b49e3b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<th class="column-head" style="text-align: center">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r76` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W28 (3 weeks)

### Description
Info and Relationships. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r76 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: <th class="column-head" style="text-align: center">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r76 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a3.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76

---

## aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-771a2b10`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9207ed51`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@headers="oocysts characteristics"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r45` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r45 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html.
2. Locate the element: @headers="oocysts characteristics"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r45 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-db2d8ab9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.all-pages`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 34 instances; 33 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 33 of 1967 scanned pages (34 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html.
2. Locate the element: .all-pages
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/changes-from-2016.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/covid-19.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/progestin-only-contraceptives.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/scientific-review.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/lactational-amenorrhea-method.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/air.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/surveillance/laboratory-confirmation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/ambulatory-surgery/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/treatment-uncomplicated.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/changes-from-2016.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a4.htm?s_cid=mm6030a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/ipfs/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/water.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/cdiff-isolate-bank.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/tests-before-contraception.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/avian-timeline/1880-1959.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/acute-care-hospital/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/thimerosal.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a5.htm?s_cid=mm6004a5_w

…and more — 33 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/changes-from-2016.html

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-60165b74`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a5.htm?s_cid=mm6004a5_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a5.htm?s_cid=mm6004a5_w.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004a5.htm?s_cid=mm6004a5_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e18ce16f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.dataTables_scrollBody`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 6 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="dataTables_scrollBody" style="position: relative; overflow: auto; max-height: 400px; width: 100%;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 6 of 1967 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html.
2. Locate the element: .dataTables_scrollBody
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/php/data-research/codebooks-phase-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat118.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/surveillance-report/2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/water.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6538a2.htm?s_cid=mm6538a2_w

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/php/data-research/codebooks-phase-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat118.htm

---

## Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b495ce82`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58346bcf`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/about/technical-notes.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-sm fs08 table-bordered " style="width: 100%; height: 322px;" data-preserve-inline-styles="true">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r84` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W28 (1 week)

### Description
Keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r84 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/about/technical-notes.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-sm fs08 table-bordered " style="width: 100%; height: 322px;" data-preserve-inline-styles="true">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r84 against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/about/technical-notes.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84

---

## <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-83b25149`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4b45acfe`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.2.2 — Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `blink` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 8 instances; 8 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 8 of 1967 scanned pages (8 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5631a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5620a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5549a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5611a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5643a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5606a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5631a5.htm

---

## Active <area> elements must have alternative text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-17ef08aa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4e469a59`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `area[coords="363, 731, 426, 764"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `area-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/area-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W28 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<area href="http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment" shape="rect" coords="363, 731, 426, 764">
```

### Description
Active <area> elements must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule area-alt on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: area[coords="363, 731, 426, 764"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule area-alt against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/area-alt?application=axeAPI

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1a297e58`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 226 instances; 119 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 119 of 1967 scanned pages (226 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0230_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0231_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/09_0248_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0053_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0058_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0097_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0011_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0076.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0264.htm

…and more — 119 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-47eba2dc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/forecast-outbreak-analytics/contact/contact-us.html">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 112 instances; 54 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 54 of 1967 scanned pages (112 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/forecast-outbreak-analytics/contact/contact-us.html">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/09_0248_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0097_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0264.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0158_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0213.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0077_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5631a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0060.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2009.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/10_0260_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5921a3_ensp.htm

…and more — 54 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r11.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fb332ded`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 367 instances; 367 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 367 of 1967 scanned pages (367 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017982.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001843.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4920md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5810a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm

…and more — 367 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4128f76c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 185 instances; 185 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 185 of 1967 scanned pages (185 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000381.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5723a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000345.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016109.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000387.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/09_0248_es.htm

…and more — 185 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ca01f44b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBox`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 100 instances; 92 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 92 of 1967 scanned pages (100 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w.
2. Locate the element: #searchBox
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6014md.htm?s_cid=mm6014md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a4.htm?s_cid=mm6102a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5936a2.htm?s_cid=mm5936a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5932md.htm?s_cid=mm5932md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a2.htm?s_cid=mm6112a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5937a1.htm?s_cid=mm5937a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6146a9.htm?s_cid=mm6146a9_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6236a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/about/atlasplus.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6118md.htm?s_cid=mm6118md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128md.htm?s_cid=mm6128md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a3.htm?s_cid=mm6102a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5950a7.htm?s_cid=mm5950a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1988_ss.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125a3.htm?s_cid=mm6125a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6104a1.htm?s_cid=ss6104a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6018a5.htm?s_cid=mm6018a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index85.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6138md.htm?s_cid=mm6138md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/ConsejosBusqueda.html

…and more — 92 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html

---

## Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-36a8679d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fab92378`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV  
**XPath / selector:** `#year_group`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `select-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 30 instances; 10 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<select id="year_group" class="filter_dropdowns" style="width:100%">
```

### Description
Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 10 of 1967 scanned pages (30 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV.
2. Locate the element: #year_group
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Drug+overdose
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/sudors-dashboard-fatal-overdose-data-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/nonfatal/dashboard/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-a-nicotine-oral-inhaler.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/parches-de-nicotina.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Drug+overdose
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/sudors-dashboard-fatal-overdose-data-accessible.html

---

## Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c768634b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e7298c00`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#search__icon`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `button-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W28 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>
```

### Description
Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #search__icon
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d394430c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/symptoms/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 12 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/xEHx1Kikqe0?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 12 of 1967 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/symptoms/index.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health-protection/php/campaigns-and-awareness/international-day-of-epidemic-preparedness.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/video-series/at-risk-for-h5n1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/about/pediatric-young-adult-cancer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/qdrl/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/php/resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/parenting-teens/tips-understanding-and-adapting/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/bioterrorism/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ovarian-cancer/symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/stories/stigma.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health-protection/php/campaigns-and-awareness/international-day-of-epidemic-preparedness.html

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ae3172c4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-2`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 4 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 4 of 1967 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/national-texting-portal.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/motor-vehicle/long-haul-truck-drivers/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/national-texting-portal.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/motor-vehicle/long-haul-truck-drivers/index.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7fb2fac8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `table[aria-rowcount="54"] > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 22 instances; 3 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 3 of 1967 scanned pages (22 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html.
2. Locate the element: table[aria-rowcount="54"] > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html

---

## ARIA input fields must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-58a12614`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0841abc2`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.rc-slider-handle-1`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-input-field-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div tabindex="0" class="rc-slider-handle rc-slider-handle-1" role="slider" aria-valuemin="1" aria-valuemax="88" aria-valuenow="49" aria-disabled="false" style="left: 55.1724%; right: auto; transform:
```

### Description
ARIA input fields must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-input-field-name on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html.
2. Locate the element: .rc-slider-handle-1
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-input-field-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/nonfatal/dashboard/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/nonfatal/dashboard/index.html

---

## Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-af5a4308`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ebb1c464`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#UNIQUE27403686429c066f58`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-prohibited-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W28 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE27403686429c066f58" aria-label="Carousel">
```

### Description
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #UNIQUE27403686429c066f58
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-191c54d2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV  
**XPath / selector:** `<select id="year_group" class="filter_dropdowns" style="width:100%">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 88 instances; 55 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 55 of 1967 scanned pages (88 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV.
2. Locate the element: <select id="year_group" class="filter_dropdowns" style="width:100%">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Drug+overdose
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a2.htm?s_cid=mm6112a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/sudors-dashboard-fatal-overdose-data-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6146a9.htm?s_cid=mm6146a9_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/about/atlasplus.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a3.htm?s_cid=mm6102a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5950a7.htm?s_cid=mm5950a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/dose-sys-accessible.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125a3.htm?s_cid=mm6125a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6018a5.htm?s_cid=mm6018a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6138md.htm?s_cid=mm6138md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6038a6.htm?s_cid=mm6038a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index90.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2009.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/nonfatal/dashboard/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6018a2.htm?s_cid=mm6018a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125a2.htm?s_cid=mm6125a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5921a3_ensp.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6124a6.htm?s_cid=mm6124a6_w

…and more — 55 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r8.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Drug+overdose
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html

---

## Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c4688428`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-29f9f921`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r12` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 25 instances; 6 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Button has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r12 on 6 of 1967 scanned pages (25 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r12 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html

---

## Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1dc79e8b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a2a3dffb`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-10" href="#acc-panel-10">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r90` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 13 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Component with same name serves same purpose. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r90 on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (13 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-10" href="#acc-panel-10">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r90 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking

---

## aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-28aa0053`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6cf30ff`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking  
**XPath / selector:** `<div id="cdcExtLink" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="extModalTitle">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r17` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W28 (1 week)

### Description
aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r17 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking.
2. Locate the element: <div id="cdcExtLink" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="extModalTitle">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r17 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-428b67b7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 682 instances; 430 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 430 of 1967 scanned pages (682 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/leadership/DGHT-Director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/leadership/didri-director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017982.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001843.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4920md.htm

…and more — 430 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/leadership/DGHT-Director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f3a5f01b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Related Pages"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1509 instances; 263 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 263 of 1967 scanned pages (1509 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/clinic-planning/your-practice.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/employers-insurers/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/gisp-profiles/default.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/maskguidance.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/data-research/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/treatment/inactive-tuberculosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/prevention/preventing-and-controlling-crypto-childcare-facilities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/enewsv23n1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/pesticide/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sti-funding/php/success-bulletins/california.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/sickle-cell-trait/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/mosquito-control/athome/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/brfss
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/php/national-strategy/intervals-framework.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/disability-and-health/articles-documents/socioeconomic-factors-race-and-ethnicity.html

…and more — 263 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html

---

## lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c586345f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-dd1c019f`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.image-container.aspect-ratio-16-9 > a[lang="urd"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `valid-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="/cholera/media/pdfs/Cholera_5-Basic-Prevention-Steps_Urdu.pdf" title="Cholera-5 Basic Prevention Steps (Urdu)" lang="urd"><img src="/cholera/media/images/Cholera-5-Basic-Prevention-Steps-Urdu
```

### Description
lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .image-container.aspect-ratio-16-9 > a[lang="urd"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/es/prevention/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cholera/es/prevention/index.html

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a1762737`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "An official website of the United States government "`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 24800 instances; 738 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 738 of 1967 scanned pages (24800 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w.
2. Locate the element: text: "An official website of the United States government "
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/infographics/cover-pages/caregiving-among-women-2021-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-114

…and more — 738 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-244e78f2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 49511 instances; 351 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 351 of 1967 scanned pages (49511 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1476.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0186.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1640.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/pesticide/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm

…and more — 351 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d107c4c0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 89048 instances; 310 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 310 of 1967 scanned pages (89048 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0186.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6545a8.htm?s_cid=mm6545a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000381.htm

…and more — 310 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d419ceb0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Advancing_Health_Collection.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="toc">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 41 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (41 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Advancing_Health_Collection.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="toc">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Advancing_Health_Collection.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/State_Local_Health_Departments.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Advancing_Health_Collection.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/State_Local_Health_Departments.htm

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-abf802f5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 28657 instances; 902 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 902 of 1967 scanned pages (28657 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/infographics/cover-pages/caregiving-among-women-2021-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html

…and more — 902 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c85713fd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[width="5"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 13152 instances; 1783 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/nav01.gif" border="0" width="5" height="2" alt="Skip Navigation Links">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 1783 of 1967 scanned pages (13152 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[width="5"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-122
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0017.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/leadership/DGHT-Director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/infographics/cover-pages/caregiving-among-women-2021-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/safetyculturehc/healthcare-workers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket153A.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/plague/causes/index.html

…and more — 1783 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5c992797`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 74 instances; 74 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insertar e-mail" value="Insertar e-mail" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 74 of 1967 scanned pages (74 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0230_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0231_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/09_0248_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0058_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0097_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0164_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0011_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0076.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0264.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0158_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0009_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0213.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0077_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0243.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0018_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0060.htm

…and more — 74 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label-title-only.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-11121256`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(8)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 867 instances; 614 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3>Editorial Note</h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 614 of 1967 scanned pages (867 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(8)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0017.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/learning/safetyculturehc/healthcare-workers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket153A.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7108a4.htm?s_cid=mm7108a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7114a2.htm?s_cid=mm7114a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017982.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6906a6.htm?s_cid=mm6906a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm

…and more — 614 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0017.htm

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0da34cf0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 520 instances; 501 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 501 of 1967 scanned pages (520 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/leadership/DGHT-Director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/plague/causes/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/aging-programs/php/bold/phc-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wisewoman/php/faqs/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/es/about/tapvr.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/national-infant-immunization-week/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/about/severe-brain-injury-basics.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/aspergillosis/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-la-aspergilosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/how-developed-approved.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/leadership/didri-director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fasd/about/cdc-efforts.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-mental-health/about/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-in-children.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/early-care-education/php/state-childcare-licensing/achieving-a-state-of-healthy-weight-report.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/clinic-planning/your-practice.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/employers-insurers/index.html

…and more — 501 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/leadership/DGHT-Director.html

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d463b92c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 496 instances; 496 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 496 of 1967 scanned pages (496 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4925md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0263_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017982.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001843.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4920md.htm

…and more — 496 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5540a8.htm

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c4a316c8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 110 instances; 110 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--content">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 110 of 1967 scanned pages (110 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/small-business/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1907.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/herpes/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/es/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsvvaxview/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip
- https://www.cdc.gov/womens-health
- https://www.cdc.gov/strongyloides/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater
- https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rural-health/php/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/syndicate.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/PCV20-prev-vax-adults-19-64-risk-based-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/info-by-product/novavax-covid-19-summary.html

…and more — 110 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/small-business/site.html

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-88fc94bd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#share-nav"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 16 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="skippy sr-only-focusable" href="#share-nav">Skip directly to page options</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 16 of 1967 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#share-nav"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1907.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0053_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/info-by-product/novavax-covid-19-summary.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0021_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/10_0260_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5921a3_ensp.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0321_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0120_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0196_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0204_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0312_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/surveillance-data-strategies/dmi-investments.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0069_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1907.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b6426624`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(2) > td[scope="row"][align="left"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 129 instances; 8 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td valign="top" colspan="1" align="left" scope="row" rowspan="1">Coworkers</td>
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 8 of 1967 scanned pages (129 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(2) > td[scope="row"][align="left"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0071.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/php/technical-report/h5n1-122923.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/rr/rr7306a1.htm?s_cid=rr7306a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/namcs/ppe-shortage.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0596.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2025-2026.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0077.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0071.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/php/technical-report/h5n1-122923.html

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cb637cf4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-122  
**XPath / selector:** `img[role="presentation"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 95 instances; 86 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/niosh/media/images/2026/06/2013-122.jpg" alt="Handle Laundry Safely (Correctional Facilities)" role="presentation">
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 86 of 1967 scanned pages (95 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-122.
2. Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-122
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1476.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1569.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1640.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-133.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2012-125_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2019-130_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-105
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1736.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administrator_addition-of-prostate-cancer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-102
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-107
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2007-137_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet600.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-148
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-112
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/ambulatory-surgery/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/communication-resources/staying-on-track-with-tb-medicine-booklet.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/NIOSH/docs/2008-136_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-111
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet834.html

…and more — 86 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-role.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-122
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f1171cc1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2016.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(3) > th[scope="row"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 138 instances; 34 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th class="l data" scope="row"></th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 34 of 1967 scanned pages (138 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2016.htm.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(3) > th[scope="row"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6014md.htm?s_cid=mm6014md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5936a2.htm?s_cid=mm5936a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5932md.htm?s_cid=mm5932md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a2.htm?s_cid=mm6112a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5833a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5840md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6118md.htm?s_cid=mm6118md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128md.htm?s_cid=mm6128md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7148a2.htm?s_cid=mm7148a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/diagnosticprocedures/stool/morphcomp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0071.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5819a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6138md.htm?s_cid=mm6138md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5832md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5832a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024md.htm?s_cid=mm6024md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0083.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5914a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5907md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5937md.htm?s_cid=mm5937md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5846a3.htm

…and more — 34 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-table-header.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e23d24a3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5703a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `li:nth-child(4) > h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 13 instances; 13 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3></h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 13 of 1967 scanned pages (13 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5703a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: li:nth-child(4) > h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5703a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlhabb1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5525a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5509a12.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5619a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5708a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5410a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2013_2015_puf.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a2.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5703a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlhabb1.html

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2df6b1fa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[alt="Deaths"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 12 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img decoding="async" src="/nchs/images/hus/homepage-tiles/Deaths-800x500.png?_=27807" alt="Deaths" class="card-img-top img-fluid p-0 bg-gray-l2">
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (12 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[alt="Deaths"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-154aa047`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "An official website of the United States government "`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 9363 instances; 651 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 651 of 1967 scanned pages (9363 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w.
2. Locate the element: text: "An official website of the United States government "
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/infographics/cover-pages/caregiving-among-women-2021-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/clinic-planning/your-practice.html

…and more — 651 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7301a5.htm?s_cid=mm7301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2322da9c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 457 instances; 448 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 448 of 1967 scanned pages (457 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/suicide/playbook/evidence-based-intervention-and-communication-resources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-aging-data/infographics/cover-pages/caregiving-among-women-2021-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-122sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/interventions/public-health-safety-resources.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/highrisk/personas-con-mayor-riesgo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-practice/php/data-research/uncover-eh/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2011-199_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/clinic-planning/your-practice.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/employers-insurers/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/std/statistics/gisp-profiles/default.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1476.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/winter-weather/prevention/preventing-frostbite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/infectioncontrol/maskguidance.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/es/risk-factors/index.html

…and more — 448 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/impact/piloting-models-on-cdc-data-platforms-with-utah-health-officials.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/participants.html

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a24504a8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 451 instances; 315 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 315 of 1967 scanned pages (451 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0186.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7104a3.htm?s_cid=mm7104a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/anle.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/extrusionpl.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/ss/ss6908a1.htm?s_cid=ss6908a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/ocasfaqs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6545a8.htm?s_cid=mm6545a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/sickle-cell-trait/index.html

…and more — 315 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7215a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-059bf6ba`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 240 instances; 240 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 240 of 1967 scanned pages (240 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5614a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056456.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017358.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021199.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5405a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001942.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020497.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jan/cover.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5740md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000381.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5819a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5723a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a2.htm?s_cid=mm6112a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5815a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5838a3.htm

…and more — 240 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000631.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ef9348b0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 95 instances; 95 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 95 of 1967 scanned pages (95 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/sicklecell/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/herpes/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip
- https://www.cdc.gov/womens-health
- https://www.cdc.gov/strongyloides/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a2.htm?s_cid=mm6112a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater
- https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rural-health/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6146a9.htm?s_cid=mm6146a9_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/blood-clots/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/php/info-by-product/novavax-covid-19-summary.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/autism
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6102a3.htm?s_cid=mm6102a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5950a7.htm?s_cid=mm5950a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125a3.htm?s_cid=mm6125a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/womens-health/index.html

…and more — 95 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/about

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bc387db4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<h6 class="float-right">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 55 instances; 53 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 53 of 1967 scanned pages (55 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html.
2. Locate the element: <h6 class="float-right">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/prevention/preventing-and-controlling-crypto-childcare-facilities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/enewsv23n1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6545a8.htm?s_cid=mm6545a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/php/national-strategy/intervals-framework.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/herpes/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/about/dogs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket214.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/agricultural-water/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6514a6.htm?s_cid=mm6514a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chickenpox/es/treatment/como-tratar-la-varicela.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6544a9.htm?s_cid=mm6544a9_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet597.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/success-stories/hiv-drug-resistance.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/hpv.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/mining/pubs/pubreference/outputid1578_sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket094.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/health-care-abroad/medical-tourism.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6927a5.htm?s_cid=mm6927a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6510a1.htm?s_cid=mm6510a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/budget/site.html

…and more — 53 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/107028.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/prevention/preventing-and-controlling-crypto-childcare-facilities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/enews/enewsv23n1.html

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-841c1c4d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `body`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 16999 instances; 51 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" class=" dmat-load-complete">
<!-- report header -->
<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../headers_footers/repo
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 51 of 1967 scanned pages (16999 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm.
2. Locate the element: body
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0159a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7407a4.htm?s_cid=mm7407a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7113a1.htm?s_cid=mm7113a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7111a3.htm?s_cid=mm7111a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4943a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7335e1.htm?s_cid=mm7335e1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001990.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7335a3.htm?s_cid=mm7335a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000389.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/evalua-su-consumo-de-alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020112.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5549a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7224a2.htm?s_cid=mm7224a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049554.htm

…and more — 51 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=HIV
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2023/23_0159a.htm

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0f8ba88a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 225 instances; 38 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Weekly</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 38 of 1967 scanned pages (225 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4943a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128md.htm?s_cid=mm6128md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001990.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000389.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020112.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5549a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125a2.htm?s_cid=mm6125a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049554.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5907md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5844a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5808a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a2.htm?s_cid=mm6030a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000413.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5816a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020152.htm

…and more — 38 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6129md.htm?s_cid=mm6129md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ee035b32`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 25 instances; 22 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 22 of 1967 scanned pages (25 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4943a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001990.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000389.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020112.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5549a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049554.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000413.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020152.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017744.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021449.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015002.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000711.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5534a3.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5236a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a3.htm

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5f82ee7c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 16 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 16 of 1967 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0020_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index90.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2009.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/10_0260_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/contact/contact-us.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index2012.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2012.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0204_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0312_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0069_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index84.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1b705b7b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/reports/annual-summary-2020.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container bottom data us outline-none position-relative">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 10 instances; 8 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 8 of 1967 scanned pages (10 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/reports/annual-summary-2020.html.
2. Locate the element: <div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container bottom data us outline-none position-relative">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/reports/annual-summary-2020.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/tracking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/data-research/facts-stats/buprenorphine-dispensing-maps.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data-research/facts-stats/adults-sleep-facts-and-stats.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/kidney_disease_mortality/kidney_disease.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/reports/annual-summary-2020.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/tracking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a7c5660e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 7 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 7 of 1967 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0121_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0142_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0155_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0168_zhs.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064.htm

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-58a43fde`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 5 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W28 (5 weeks)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 5 of 1967 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022071.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00025182.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033455.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032099.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022071.htm

---

## Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bc4c0d3d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e43903a1`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<small>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r75` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 43 instances; 3 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Form field error is identified and described. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r75 on 3 of 1967 scanned pages (43 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm.
2. Locate the element: <small>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r75.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5946a4.htm?s_cid=mm5946a4_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5946a4.htm?s_cid=mm5946a4_w

---

## Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-38df303e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7fbb8b20`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r59` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Element with orientation is not locked. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r59 on 3 of 1967 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r59.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6523md.htm?s_cid=mm6523md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6516md.htm?s_cid=mm6516md_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6535md.htm?s_cid=mm6535md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6523md.htm?s_cid=mm6523md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6516md.htm?s_cid=mm6516md_w

---

## Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-67ace93f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c461a167`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="54">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r54` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Assertive live region is marked as atomic. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r54 on 3 of 1967 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="54">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r54.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/art/php/surveillance-state-specific/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-1.html

---

## Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-70739833`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4c341c77`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p align="CENTER">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r85` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 2 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 2 of 1967 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p align="CENTER">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r85.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/han/2023/han00487.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4901a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/han/2023/han00487.html

---

## Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d680d108`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e5ec42f0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="arttype">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r72` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r72))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 140 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W28 (3 weeks)

### Description
Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r72 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (140 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="arttype">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r72.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2013_toc.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r72

---

## First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6e4f9a2e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-aa242c2d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r87` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 1967 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W28 (4 weeks)

### Description
First focusable element is link to main content. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r87 on 1 of 1967 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r87.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/ephtracking

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87