# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W30

82 issue type(s) from 3095 pages scanned. Generated 2026-07-26 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1e645ffe`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5655 instances; 568 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 568 of 3095 scanned pages (5655 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0532.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0568.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w

…and more — 568 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-189e5132`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a data-action="print" href="#print" class="d-none d-md-block" aria-label="print this page">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 351 instances; 173 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 173 of 3095 scanned pages (351 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html.
2. Locate the element: <a data-action="print" href="#print" class="d-none d-md-block" aria-label="print this page">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nis/confidentiality/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-149
- https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/registry-plus/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/success/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/php/onboarding-resources/phase-1-new-facility-steps-to-engage.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ebola/es/causes/como-se-propaga-la-enfermedad-del-ebola.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/investigation/hepatitis-unknown-cause/laboratories-testing-typing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/balamuthia/es/hcp/diagnosis-testing/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chemical-threats-and-toxins-laboratory/php/laboratory-capabilities-and-methods/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/cotham-06-24/investigation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/hhe/contactenos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/historias/rose.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/socios/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-120sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/prostate-cancer/es/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/countries/burma.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/whats-new/bicillin-updates.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/about/atlasplus.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/construction/es/nail-gun-safety/seguridad-con-las-pistolas-de-clavos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-and-school-preparedness/about/index.html

…and more — 173 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nis/confidentiality/index.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-38c2a6e4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 6313 instances; 591 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 591 of 3095 scanned pages (6313 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4835a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049320.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm

…and more — 591 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fa7f626f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3605 instances; 301 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 301 of 3095 scanned pages (3605 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000490.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zhs.htm

…and more — 301 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm

---

## Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6420f3a1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9429bb8d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `#indicators`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-children` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 24 instances; 5 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div id="indicators" role="listbox" aria-labelledby="indicatorsSelectHeader">
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 5 of 3095 scanned pages (24 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm.
2. Locate the element: #indicators
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrpodcasts.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrpodcasts.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html

---

## Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b57f5fa7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6d344d5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-responsive-md:nth-child(8) > .cdc-table.cdc-table__type-row[role="table"] > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > div[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > div[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > p[role="rowheader"][data-col="1"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-parent` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W30 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<p role="rowheader" data-col="1">260373001</p>
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-parent on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-responsive-md:nth-child(8) > .cdc-table.cdc-table__type-row[role="table"] > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > div[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > div[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > p[role="rowheader"][data-col="1"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-parent against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Place this ARIA role inside its required parent role (e.g. an option must be inside a listbox).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2845cb19`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table.dfe-table.table-no-header:nth-child(8) > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(2) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > ul`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 50 instances; 38 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ul>
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 38 of 3095 scanned pages (50 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html.
2. Locate the element: .table.dfe-table.table-no-header:nth-child(8) > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(2) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > ul
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015924.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/je-child.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/families/milestones-matter.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015994.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026330.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031508.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/stac_bylaws.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/implants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017377.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-infrastructure-routine-practices/exposure-managment.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016232.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017268.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016079.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016086.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001029.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017877.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033405.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016123.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016032.htm

…and more — 38 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__list.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015924.htm

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7a637636`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/od2a/prevention.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 38 instances; 6 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li>Required: Clinician/Health system engagement and health IT/PDMP enhancement</li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 6 of 3095 scanned pages (38 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/od2a/prevention.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/od2a/prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/hcp/vaccine/lista-de-verificacion-previa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/surveillance/noms/information-for-funeral-directors.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/hcp/clinical-safety/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/vaccines/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/od2a/prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/es/hcp/vaccine/lista-de-verificacion-previa.html

---

## Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3bc61875`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-07ba3b17`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-medical-indication.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-schedule`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `td-headers-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 4 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table class="table table-schedule table-bordered">
```

### Description
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 4 of 3095 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-medical-indication.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-schedule
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-medical-indication.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthma_stats/asthma-related-physician-visits_2010-2016.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/imz-schedules/child-adolescent-medical-indication.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d7806324`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2149 instances; 170 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 170 of 3095 scanned pages (2149 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium.
2. Locate the element: <ul>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/products/meps-linkage.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/toolkit/social-media-safe-use-of-medicines.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2019.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/mansonellosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/hcp/clinical-care/acute-hemodialysis-us-hospitals.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb/events/worldtbday
- https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive-health/hcp/teen-pregnancy-prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/q-fever/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/screening/diagnosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncird/investigation/hepatitis-unknown-cause/laboratories-testing-typing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/je-child.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/families/milestones-matter.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/living-with/mental-health.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-enfermedad-de-chagas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/about/coronary-artery-disease.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/cotham-06-24/investigation.html

…and more — 170 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e2ba9268`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 26 instances; 15 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 15 of 3095 scanned pages (26 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5606a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5253a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5409a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlyCaseStudies/2017/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5445a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5344a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5646a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5646a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5520a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/injury_matrices.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3445390b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<td scope="row" class="infrequent-end-table-title" colspan="16">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 9349 instances; 11 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 11 of 3095 scanned pages (9349 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w.
2. Locate the element: <td scope="row" class="infrequent-end-table-title" colspan="16">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/viral-hepatitis-prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015md.htm?s_cid=mm6015md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity/features/designing-activity-friendly-communities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sexual-violence/about-data/sexual-victimization/data-sources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032md.htm?s_cid=mm6032md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-35.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/respiratory-viruses/national.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f47af803`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<th colspan="4" scope="colgroup">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 79 instances; 8 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 8 of 3095 scanned pages (79 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html.
2. Locate the element: <th colspan="4" scope="colgroup">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0025.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2012/table1-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2022/prevalence_tables/table11_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sexual-violence/about-data/sexual-victimization/data-sources.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0025.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2012/table1-2.htm

---

## aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8466042d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9207ed51`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@headers="network-heade immunor immuno-infl-a"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r45` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 2 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r45 on 2 of 3095 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html.
2. Locate the element: @headers="network-heade immunor immuno-infl-a"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r45 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2022-2023.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2023/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html

---

## Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-998bef04`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33b49e3b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/viral-hepatitis-prevention.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<th rowspan="2">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r76` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W30 (5 weeks)

### Description
Info and Relationships. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r76 on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/viral-hepatitis-prevention.html.
2. Locate the element: <th rowspan="2">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r76 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/viral-hepatitis-prevention.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76

---

## Element in required WAI-ARIA context role (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-11f31573`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ddc2ac6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<p role="rowheader" data-col="1">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r42` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r42))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W30 (2 weeks)

### Description
Element in required WAI-ARIA context role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r42 on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html.
2. Locate the element: <p role="rowheader" data-col="1">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r42 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/php/laboratories/reporting-test-results.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r42

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-47588799`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6101a1.htm?s_cid=su6101a1_w  
**XPath / selector:** `li:nth-child(1) > a[href$="#tab1"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 90 instances; 58 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="#tab1">Table&nbsp;1</a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 58 of 3095 scanned pages (90 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6101a1.htm?s_cid=su6101a1_w.
2. Locate the element: li:nth-child(1) > a[href$="#tab1"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6101a1.htm?s_cid=su6101a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/iv-artesunate-us.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/implants.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/php/datingmatters/the-science-behind-dating-matters.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/air.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Finfectioncontrol%2Fguidelines%2Fenvironmental%2Fbackground%2Fair.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/grants/applying/pre-award.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-and-sterilization/epidemiologic-evidence.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6347a5.htm?s_cid=mm6347a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-infrastructure-routine-practices/exposure-managment.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/varicella.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/appendices.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/summary-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7140e2.htm?s_cid=mm7140e2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/research/mind-healthcare.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/9-months.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/procedures.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-a-reduce-infections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-infrastructure-routine-practices/executive-summary.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/measles/appendix-b.html

…and more — 58 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6101a1.htm?s_cid=su6101a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/iv-artesunate-us.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/implants.html

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cb73134a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a class="noline" href="#one">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 15 instances; 6 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 6 of 3095 scanned pages (15 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html.
2. Locate the element: <a class="noline" href="#one">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm59e0803a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/acerca/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5939a4.htm?s_cid=mm5939a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-humo-segunda-mano-asma.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a4.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm59e0803a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/acerca/index.html

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-20ea65f8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-textblock > div`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 21 instances; 17 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 17 of 3095 scanned pages (21 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-textblock > div
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-modeling-and-forecasting/mpox-gbmsm-technical-brief/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/medicaid/Cessation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6506a1.htm?s_cid=ss6506_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6531a2.htm?s_cid=mm6531a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/table19.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/hep-a-hiv.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/environmental-sampling.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6544a2.htm?s_cid=mm6544a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/monkeypox/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthma_stats/asthma-related-physician-visits_2010-2016.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html

---

## Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2eb57c66`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58346bcf`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/procedures.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-bordered table-sm themed" style="width: 100%; height: 69px;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r84` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 2 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W30 (3 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r84 on 2 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/procedures.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-bordered table-sm themed" style="width: 100%; height: 69px;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r84 against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/procedures.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/about/technical-notes.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/procedures.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/about/technical-notes.html

---

## <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-00fcce8c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4b45acfe`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.2.2 — Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `blink` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 13 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 13 of 3095 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5009a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5202a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5550a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5706a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5103a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5616a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5633a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5415a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5636a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5642a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5353a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5623a6.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5009a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5202a2.htm

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7f7b7146`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 679 instances; 239 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 239 of 3095 scanned pages (679 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm.
2. Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0031_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0039e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0071_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0015_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0167_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0267_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0165a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0089_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/asthmadata.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0031_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0264_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/10_0028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/hcp/clinical-care/pediatric-outpatient.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0225_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0199_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0055_zht.htm

…and more — 239 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d14e29b4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="mailto:
">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 313 instances; 126 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 126 of 3095 scanned pages (313 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133.
2. Locate the element: <a href="mailto:
">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0089_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0031_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0055_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5009a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jan/06_0028_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10252
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/EL8ADAE0.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0156_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0140.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5202a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/es/2007_jan_toc.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0142a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0146_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0008.htm

…and more — 126 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r11.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-73d571ec`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 563 instances; 563 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 563 of 3095 scanned pages (563 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4835a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049320.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm

…and more — 563 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ae887c3a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 282 instances; 282 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 282 of 3095 scanned pages (282 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000490.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016945.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zhs.htm

…and more — 282 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fe45e143`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBox`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 191 instances; 180 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 180 of 3095 scanned pages (191 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: #searchBox
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6302a1.htm?s_cid=mm6302a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5936a9.htm?s_cid=mm5936a9_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a1.htm?s_cid=mm6041a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6001a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a1.htm?s_cid=mm6144a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6001a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6435a10.htm?s_cid=mm6435a10_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a6.htm?s_cid=su6203a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6319md.htm?s_cid=mm6319md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5929a5.htm?s_cid=mm5929a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6003a1.htm?s_cid=ss6003a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6027a5.htm?s_cid=mm6027a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/atlas
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a9.htm?s_cid=mm6145a9_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5934a2.htm?s_cid=mm5934a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032a4.htm?s_cid=mm6032a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm?s_cid=rr6210a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm

…and more — 180 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w

---

## Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9078e799`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fab92378`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Emergency+departments  
**XPath / selector:** `#year_group`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `select-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 13 instances; 6 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<select id="year_group" class="filter_dropdowns" style="width:100%">
```

### Description
Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 6 of 3095 scanned pages (13 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Emergency+departments.
2. Locate the element: #year_group
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Emergency+departments
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/calendar/2022_schedule.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Alcohol+use
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/bupropion-sr.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/vareniclina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-a-nicotine-patch.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Emergency+departments
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/calendar/2022_schedule.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Alcohol+use

---

## Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2f247b8a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e7298c00`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#search__icon`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `button-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W30 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>
```

### Description
Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 2 of 3095 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html.
2. Locate the element: #search__icon
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resourcelibrary/hiv-widgets.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/livingwithhiv/opportunisticinfections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resourcelibrary/hiv-widgets.html

---

## Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-39e575bd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-1467ea8a`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `#ageControl`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<label for="age" id="ageControl" class="hanging-indent" aria-label="age filter radio button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="ageChecks" aria-expanded="false"><input id="age" type="radio" name="ind
```

### Description
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-attr on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm.
2. Locate the element: #ageControl
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove ARIA attributes that aren't allowed on this role/element.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-abfe3302`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/resources/video-shared-moments-experiences-immunity.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 69 instances; 27 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/FRvRRg1JUAU?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 27 of 3095 scanned pages (69 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/resources/video-shared-moments-experiences-immunity.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/resources/video-shared-moments-experiences-immunity.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-detectar-fentanilo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/php/toolkit/pov-fa.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/youth-violence/php/yvpcs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/prevention/vaccination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/resources/video-protect-baby-against-severe-illness.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-stigma/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstophivtogether%2Fhiv-stigma%2Fstigma-stories.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/e-cigarettes/empower-vape-free-youth-campaign.html?s_cid=OSH_misc_M564
- http://www.cdc.gov/about/cdc-moving-forward/newcdc-info.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/community-violence/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cancer/about/men.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/caring
- https://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/screening
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/about/videos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/communication-resources/community-education-videos.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/skin-cancer.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hearher/personal-stories/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dental-public-health-residency/php/lecture-series/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/about/what-is-biomonitoring.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/causes/environmental-food.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/diabetes-tv/diabetes-kickstart.html

…and more — 27 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__frame-title.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/resources/video-shared-moments-experiences-immunity.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-detectar-fentanilo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/folic-acid/php/toolkit/pov-fa.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d02cc4ba`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/hpv-associated-cancers.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.type-pie > .cove-visualization__body.cove-visualization__body--no-subtext.component--has-title > .cove-visualization__body-wrap > .cove-visualization__body-footer-section > .data-table-container.md[aria-label="Accessible data table."] > .table-container > table[aria-rowcount="5"] > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 122 instances; 10 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 10 of 3095 scanned pages (122 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/hpv-associated-cancers.html.
2. Locate the element: .type-pie > .cove-visualization__body.cove-visualization__body--no-subtext.component--has-title > .cove-visualization__body-wrap > .cove-visualization__body-footer-section > .data-table-container.md[aria-label="Accessible data table."] > .table-container > table[aria-rowcount="5"] > thead > tr > th:nth-child(1) > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/hpv-associated-cancers.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-a-reduce-infections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-infections-pwid.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/hpv-associated-cancers.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-45b33163`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-2`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 29 instances; 8 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 8 of 3095 scanned pages (29 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/vih.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrpodcasts.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/risk_factors.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/vih.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/mmwrpodcasts.html

---

## Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a96e4875`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ebb1c464`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#UNIQUE36545683a172a882dd`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-prohibited-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 6 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W30 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE36545683a172a882dd" aria-label="Carousel">
```

### Description
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 6 of 3095 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html.
2. Locate the element: #UNIQUE36545683a172a882dd
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-stigma/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstophivtogether%2Fhiv-stigma%2Fstigma-stories.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1008-2016-0/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dataviz
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-stigma/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstophivtogether%2Fhiv-stigma%2Fstigma-stories.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/datasets/rd-1008-2016-0/default.html

---

## ARIA input fields must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b3a4d25e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0841abc2`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.combobox-select`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-input-field-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ul class="combobox-select" role="listbox">
```

### Description
ARIA input fields must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-input-field-name on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html.
2. Locate the element: .combobox-select
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-input-field-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data-research/dashboard/activity-levels.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d02da855`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-45146742`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.noLinking[data-slick-index="7"][aria-label="PCD 2024 Student Paper Contest"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-hidden-focus` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-hidden-focus?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W30 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="/pcd/collections/PCD_2024_Contest.htm" class="card noLinking noDecoration text-black ds-8 slick-slide" style="width: 795px;" data-slick-index="7" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" aria-label="
```

### Description
ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements. Detected by axe-core rule aria-hidden-focus on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm.
2. Locate the element: .noLinking[data-slick-index="7"][aria-label="PCD 2024 Student Paper Contest"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-hidden-focus against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't put focusable elements inside aria-hidden="true"; they become a keyboard trap for screen-reader users.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-hidden-focus?application=axeAPI

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f997e437`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 104 instances; 97 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 97 of 3095 scanned pages (104 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w.
2. Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Emergency+departments
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6302a1.htm?s_cid=mm6302a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a1.htm?s_cid=mm6041a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6001a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a1.htm?s_cid=mm6144a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6319md.htm?s_cid=mm6319md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5929a5.htm?s_cid=mm5929a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5934a2.htm?s_cid=mm5934a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032a4.htm?s_cid=mm6032a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm?s_cid=rr6210a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6330a5.htm?s_cid=mm6330a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/about/atlasplus.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2003.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6001a12.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6312a6.htm?s_cid=mm6312a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6313a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6119a1.htm?s_cid=mm6119a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6022a3.htm?s_cid=mm6022a3_w

…and more — 97 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r8.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w

---

## Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-62e5e470`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-29f9f921`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<button _ngcontent-emp-c17="" id="Sort" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r12` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 80 instances; 12 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
Button has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r12 on 12 of 3095 scanned pages (80 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm.
2. Locate the element: <button _ngcontent-emp-c17="" id="Sort" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r12 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/08.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/40.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-stigma/index.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fstophivtogether%2Fhiv-stigma%2Fstigma-stories.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/partnerships/toolkit/prepared.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/default.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/08.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/40.htm

---

## Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0662df16`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a2a3dffb`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r90` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 12 instances; 4 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Component with same name serves same purpose. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r90 on 4 of 3095 scanned pages (12 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r90 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/risk_factors.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/cme/serial_conted.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/dual-tobacco-use.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/risk_factors.htm

---

## aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-38779668`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6cf30ff`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/pcd/collections/PCD_2024_Contest.htm" class="card noLinking noDecoration text-black ds-8 slick-slide" style="width: 795px;" data-slick-index="7">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r17` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W30 (3 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r17 on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/pcd/collections/PCD_2024_Contest.htm" class="card noLinking noDecoration text-black ds-8 slick-slide" style="width: 795px;" data-slick-index="7">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r17 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/index.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-53c9a5d7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 982 instances; 648 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 648 of 3095 scanned pages (982 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4835a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049320.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm

…and more — 648 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-84b009a5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Related Pages"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2299 instances; 420 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 420 of 3095 scanned pages (2299 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/diabetes-and-your-skin.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nis/confidentiality/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/products/meps-linkage.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/asia/china.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/data-research/baa/2022-j-michael-consulting.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106a4.htm?s_cid=mm7106a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/filarial-worms/about/mansonellosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/viral-hemorrhagic-fevers/hcp/clinical-care/acute-hemodialysis-us-hospitals.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb/events/worldtbday

…and more — 420 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-98196e60`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "
					Here's how you know
					"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 35867 instances; 1223 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 1223 of 3095 scanned pages (35867 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "
					Here's how you know
					"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/trainings/naloxone-interactive-patient-case-leon-w.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm

…and more — 1223 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-456d8f28`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 53508 instances; 558 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 558 of 3095 scanned pages (53508 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/products/meps-linkage.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0564.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm

…and more — 558 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5a3dd654`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 155645 instances; 494 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 494 of 3095 scanned pages (155645 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0564.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000490.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w

…and more — 494 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d5213c8f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/GIS_Covid-19_Collection.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="toc">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 4 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 4 of 3095 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/GIS_Covid-19_Collection.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="toc">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/GIS_Covid-19_Collection.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/data/default.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/GIS_Covid-19_Collection.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury.htm

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9489c487`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 42810 instances; 1431 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 1431 of 3095 scanned pages (42810 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/trainings/naloxone-interactive-patient-case-leon-w.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html

…and more — 1431 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a2df78bb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[width="5"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 21085 instances; 2833 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/nav01.gif" border="0" width="5" height="2" alt="Skip Navigation Links">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 2833 of 3095 scanned pages (21085 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[width="5"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/cigarettes-and-copd.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-modeling-and-forecasting/rt-estimates/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/contact
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2010-125.html

…and more — 2833 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-14b766f5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 143 instances; 143 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="插入电子邮件" value="插入电子邮件" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 143 of 3095 scanned pages (143 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0031_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0015_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0167_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0267_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0089_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0031_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0264_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/10_0028.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0225_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0199_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0055_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0047.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0150_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jan/06_0028_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0022_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/10_0182.htm

…and more — 143 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label-title-only.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm

---

## ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-af428982`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa724f90`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance  
**XPath / selector:** `#tooltip-\:r1\:`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-dialog-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W30 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a id="tooltip-:r1:" role="dialog" tabindex="0" class="cove-tooltip--target" data-tooltip-float="false" data-tooltip-place="top" data-tooltip-isopen="true">
```

### Description
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 3 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance.
2. Locate the element: #tooltip-\:r1\:
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/wtc/stac
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/wtc/stac
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-787b764a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(7)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1420 instances; 989 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3>Editorial Note</h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 989 of 3095 scanned pages (1420 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(7)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7308a2.htm?s_cid=mm7308a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7140a1.htm?s_cid=mm7140a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6622a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/127195.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/22_0055.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0532.html

…and more — 989 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2d983c89`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 817 instances; 817 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 817 of 3095 scanned pages (817 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5702a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5943a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm

…and more — 817 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000412.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4824a1.htm

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cefdce5a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 814 instances; 781 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 781 of 3095 scanned pages (814 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/cigarettes-and-copd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-modeling-and-forecasting/rt-estimates/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/treatment/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acute-bronchitis/es/about/informacion-basica-sobre-el-resfriado-de-pecho-bronquitis-aguda.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/diabetes-and-your-skin.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nis/confidentiality/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/asia/china.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dipylidium/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/investigate-legionella/php/public-health-strategy/travel-associated-outbreaks.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/communication-resources/kit-para-la-prensa-mosquitos.html

…and more — 781 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/cigarettes-and-copd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cfa-modeling-and-forecasting/rt-estimates/index.html

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-317c3994`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 138 instances; 138 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--content">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 138 of 3095 scanned pages (138 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/animals/pets.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/adult.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/clinical-care/outpatient-treatment-overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/aging/publications/features/caring-for-yourself.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/PCV20-prev-vax-older-adults-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lyme
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/partnerships/toolkit/hiv-testing-my-way.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/research-programs/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/suicide
- https://www.cdc.gov/nbs/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cytomegalovirus/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/psittacosis/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/std-ips/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/covid-19-pfizer-biontech-vaccine-6-months-4-years.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/testing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/whatworks/what-works-safe-and-supportive-environments.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/maternal-mortality/index.html

…and more — 138 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine.html

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-344ef43a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#az"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 27 instances; 27 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="#az" class="skippy" title="Salte directo al listado de A-Z">Salte directo al listado de A-Z</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 27 of 3095 scanned pages (27 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#az"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0071_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0119_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/search.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0214_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0160_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/pdfs/NIOSH-094/Petition8.pdf%20%20
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0131_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0285_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0259_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0230_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0091_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0171_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0195_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet861.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0258_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm.
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0212_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0270_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0323_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0053_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0301_es.htm

…and more — 27 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__skip-link.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0071_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-138f3912`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/protective-clothing/standards.html  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(3) > td[colspan="6"][scope="row"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 165 instances; 13 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td colspan="6" scope="row"><strong>Water</strong></td>
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 13 of 3095 scanned pages (165 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/protective-clothing/standards.html.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(3) > td[colspan="6"][scope="row"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/protective-clothing/standards.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0067.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/namcs/experiences.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0598.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/about.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/rr/rr7004a1.htm?s_cid=rr7004a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/iis/core-data-elements/problems.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0046.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-35.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0411.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/protective-clothing/standards.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html

---

## Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2fd41b08`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-30db094d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination  
**XPath / selector:** `.alert`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-banner-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W27, last seen 2026-W30 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="alert bg-amber-tertiary relative false" role="banner">
```

### Description
Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-banner-is-top-level on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination.
2. Locate the element: .alert
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-banner-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Put the banner landmark (<header>) at the top level, not nested inside another landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

---

## Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6df11876`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-054101da`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination  
**XPath / selector:** `#top`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-banner` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header id="top" class="app-header" role="banner">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one banner landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination.
2. Locate the element: #top
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI

---

## Main landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e4855a05`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ff3ceb19`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html  
**XPath / selector:** `._2sb8rd89d-aYq-6tUgMQjI`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-main-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-main-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W30, last seen 2026-W30 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="_2sb8rd89d-aYq-6tUgMQjI" tabindex="-1" role="main" aria-label="Content pane">
```

### Description
Main landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-main-is-top-level on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html.
2. Locate the element: ._2sb8rd89d-aYq-6tUgMQjI
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-main-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-main-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

---

## Document should not have more than one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ee6f00d2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cd69be3a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html  
**XPath / selector:** `main`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W30, last seen 2026-W30 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<main class="col-lg-9 order-lg-2" role="main" aria-label="Main Content Area">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-main on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html.
2. Locate the element: main
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/faqs/cms/faq_cms_hai.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-main?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2da821bd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2010-125.html  
**XPath / selector:** `img[role="presentation"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 150 instances; 138 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/niosh/media/images/2026/06/2010-125.jpg" alt="NIOSH Hazard Review: Occupational Hazards in Home Healthcare" role="presentation">
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 138 of 3095 scanned pages (150 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2010-125.html.
2. Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2010-125.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2022-107sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2013-125.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet202.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/treatment-handout.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet523.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-149
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2017-204.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2023-140/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-104.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2025-116
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2008-140sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/hcp/treatment-recommendations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/90-101
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/stac_bylaws.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/97-147.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2012-120sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2019-118.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2001-115_sp
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/child-care-development-fund-primer.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2013-135.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1355.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-142sp.html

…and more — 138 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-role.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2010-125.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2022-107sp.html

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-41d6f301`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#table-20 > tbody > tr:nth-child(2) > .col-head:nth-child(4)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 192 instances; 55 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th class="col-head" scope="col" rowspan="2">
							</th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 55 of 3095 scanned pages (192 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w.
2. Locate the element: #table-20 > tbody > tr:nth-child(2) > .col-head:nth-child(4)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/je-child.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-45.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2012/table1-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044md.htm?s_cid=mm6044md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5822md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5902md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5929md.htm?s_cid=mm5929md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7437a1.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7437a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5921a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5926md.htm?s_cid=mm5926md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5822a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5917a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5805a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5916a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015md.htm?s_cid=mm6015md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity/features/designing-activity-friendly-communities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/rr/rr7004a1.htm?s_cid=rr7004a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0172.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0479.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/index.html

…and more — 55 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-table-header.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/je-child.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a2.htm

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-825af5ee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(51)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 33 instances; 22 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3><small>
</small>
      </h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 22 of 3095 scanned pages (33 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(51)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5440a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5606a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5253a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5409a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5529a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlyCaseStudies/2017/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5445a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5344a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5319a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5646a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5422a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5646a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5407a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5520a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/injury_matrices.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5704a4.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/free-mind/about-substances/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-276f86d4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/pneumonia-prevention/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.image-container > img`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/infection-control/media/images/pneumonia-cover.jpg" alt="Guidelines for Preventing Health-Care-Associated Pneumonia, 2003 Recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practic
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/pneumonia-prevention/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .image-container > img
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/pneumonia-prevention/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5af98df2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Skip directly to search"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14692 instances; 1021 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 1021 of 3095 scanned pages (14692 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/27.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/trainings/naloxone-interactive-patient-case-leon-w.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0532.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0568.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/diabetes-and-your-skin.html

…and more — 1021 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9869c454`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 703 instances; 691 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 691 of 3095 scanned pages (703 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaginal-vulvar-cancers/stories/sarah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories/minnesota.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/spotlights/one-health-situation-update.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/php/toolkit/mosquito-surveillance-software.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-resources/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/candidiasis/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about-data/surveys/historical-nyts-data-and-documentation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/hcp/trainings/naloxone-interactive-patient-case-leon-w.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2015-117.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/first-aid-for-seizures/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/prevention-type-2/la-sorprendente-verdad-sobre-la-prediabetes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/floods/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/signs-symptoms/diabetes-and-your-skin.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/worker-protection-ppe.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/divisions-offices/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nis/confidentiality/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/products/meps-linkage.html

…and more — 691 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vessel-sanitation/php/training/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/namcs-provider-survey/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b7889f38`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 730 instances; 507 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 507 of 3095 scanned pages (730 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0532.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0568.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7440a2.htm?s_cid=OS_mm7440a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/sickle-cell/toolkit/social-media-safe-use-of-medicines.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0564.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/method-r.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7106a4.htm?s_cid=mm7106a4_w

…and more — 507 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0037.html

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cf0214bc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 366 instances; 366 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 366 of 3095 scanned pages (366 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033214.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5325a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4933a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4916a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0196_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4942a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016527.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5501a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056351.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035457.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000490.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a7.htm

…and more — 366 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4937a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5734a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4948a2.htm

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ef459632`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 176 instances; 176 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 176 of 3095 scanned pages (176 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/vaccines/hepatitis-b-vaccine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6044a8.htm?s_cid=mm6044a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a2.htm?s_cid=mm5935a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6302a1.htm?s_cid=mm6302a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/aging/publications/features/caring-for-yourself.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/PCV20-prev-vax-older-adults-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lyme
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a1.htm?s_cid=mm6041a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6001a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a1.htm?s_cid=mm6144a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6319md.htm?s_cid=mm6319md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5929a5.htm?s_cid=mm5929a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5934a2.htm?s_cid=mm5934a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6032a4.htm?s_cid=mm6032a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm?s_cid=rr6210a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5903a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6330a5.htm?s_cid=mm6330a5_w

…and more — 176 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6029md.htm?s_cid=mm6029md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-170bb729`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133  
**XPath / selector:** `<h2>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 132 instances; 103 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 103 of 3095 scanned pages (132 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133.
2. Locate the element: <h2>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/asia/china.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0430.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6935e2.htm?s_cid=mm6935e2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504a3.htm?s_cid=mm6504a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6210a1.htm?s_cid=rr6210a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6509a6.htm?s_cid=mm6509a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0165.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10252
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6533a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0244.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6935a3.htm?s_cid=mm6935a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10608
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/spirometry/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10129
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket063d.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6544a6.htm?s_cid=mm6544a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10124

…and more — 103 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e0120449`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w  
**XPath / selector:** `th`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 22177 instances; 88 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th class="row1left" rowspan="2" scope="col" align="left" valign="bottom">Characteristic</th>
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 88 of 3095 scanned pages (22177 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w.
2. Locate the element: th
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7308a2.htm?s_cid=mm7308a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/su/su7103a4.htm?s_cid=su7103a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5443a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5838a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048313.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0225_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0025.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4830a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000467.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/calendar/2022_schedule.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5902md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0098_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7332a2.htm?s_cid=mm7332a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001142.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0490.htm

…and more — 88 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7129a3.htm?s_cid=mm7129a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7308a2.htm?s_cid=mm7308a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-485b9a72`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 404 instances; 55 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Weekly</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 55 of 3095 scanned pages (404 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5443a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5838a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048313.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4830a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000467.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5902md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001142.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4819a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a7.htm?s_cid=mm6144a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015979.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031156.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020758.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020703.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023549.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5650a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015md.htm?s_cid=mm6015md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001184.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017877.htm

…and more — 55 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6015a1.htm?s_cid=mm6015a1_w

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ea499ec2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 51 instances; 38 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 38 of 3095 scanned pages (51 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5443a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048313.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4830a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000467.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001142.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4819a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015979.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031156.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020758.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020703.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023549.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5650a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001184.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017877.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056894.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022011.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4903a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5520a8.htm

…and more — 38 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__big-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045660.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017400.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5443a4.htm

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-37461b64`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 32 instances; 30 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 30 of 3095 scanned pages (32 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/php/assistance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0165.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0244.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2003.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0137_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0064.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0332.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0131_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2011.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0277e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0259_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm59e0803a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0198.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0171_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0195_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb-data/ntss-request-form/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0258_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5918a6.htm

…and more — 30 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r60.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0096_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0336.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0137_es.htm

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7bb93705`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 32 instances; 16 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 16 of 3095 scanned pages (32 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4830a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046713.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047338.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048414.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033405.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021512.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045648.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056474.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049456.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046330.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056604.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056995.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048083.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/growth-chart-training/hcp/computer-programs/sas.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4830a2.htm

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-43484236`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-large" id="DFESlidervwTUVXq5ge" data-loop="true" role="region">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 14 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 14 of 3095 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-large" id="DFESlidervwTUVXq5ge" data-loop="true" role="region">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2019.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/hcp/treatment-recommendations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/molluscum-contagiosum
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/other-concerns/tourette-syndrome-and-bullying.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/flu-pneumonia.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/zika/geo/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/overview/influenza-hospitalization-surveillance.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/adhd/data/state-territory-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/outbreaks/where-people-got-sick-e-coli-o157-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/data/ehdi-data.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wastewater/respiratory-viruses/national.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/covid19.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/es/about/sobre-el-sindrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/deaths/suicide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2019.html

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4b2a91a9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 24 instances; 12 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W30 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 12 of 3095 scanned pages (24 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0225_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0098_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0032.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0059_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0069.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0187_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0066.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0143_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0036_zhs.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jul/09_0013.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0204.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0225_es.htm

---

## Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c3b913c5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c461a167`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table horizontal" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="6">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r54` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 5 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
Assertive live region is marked as atomic. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r54 on 5 of 3095 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table horizontal" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="6">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r54.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/figure-2-4.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html

---

## Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-df882674`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e43903a1`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<span class="subscript">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r75` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 63 instances; 4 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
Form field error is identified and described. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r75 on 4 of 3095 scanned pages (63 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <span class="subscript">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r75.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6146a4.htm?s_cid=mm6146a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5918a6.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5910a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6146a4.htm?s_cid=mm6146a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5915a6.htm

---

## First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e2bd194f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-aa242c2d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r87` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (5 weeks)

### Description
First focusable element is link to main content. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r87 on 3 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r87.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/contracts.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/vaccination
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/administration.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/contracts.html

---

## Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c330bafb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e5ec42f0`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/technical-linkage.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="h6">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r72` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r72))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W30 (5 weeks)

### Description
Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r72 on 3 of 3095 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/technical-linkage.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="h6">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r72.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/technical-linkage.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/namcs/experiences.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/nhcs/intubation-ventilator-use.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r72

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/technical-linkage.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/namcs/experiences.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/nhcs/intubation-ventilator-use.htm

---

## Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-375778e8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4c341c77`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5803a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r85` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (6 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5803a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r85.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5803a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85

---

## Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f863f7b4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a84da368`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `blink-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3095 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W30 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
Obsolete <blink> element. Detected by deprecated-html rule blink-element on 1 of 3095 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule blink-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5629a7.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.