# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W32

77 issue type(s) from 3333 pages scanned. Generated 2026-08-07 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7c5cf13a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#nav-group-0fefb" class="nav-plus nav-expandcollapse" data-toggle="collapse" aria-controls="nav-group-0fefb">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3005 instances; 291 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 291 of 3333 scanned pages (3005 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#nav-group-0fefb" class="nav-plus nav-expandcollapse" data-toggle="collapse" aria-controls="nav-group-0fefb">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies/2017/case458.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0676.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/lightning/firstaid.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10141
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm

…and more — 291 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bc06e673`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/comprehensive-cancer-control/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 192 instances; 91 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 91 of 3333 scanned pages (192 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/comprehensive-cancer-control/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="National Comprehensive Cancer Control Program">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/stories/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/lightning/firstaid.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-and-school-preparedness/before-during-after/reunification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/es/vaccines/recomendaciones-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-el-tetanos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-tracking/php/our-work/about-colorado-tracking.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/es/milestones-in-action/4-months.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/es/manage-treat-pain/riesgos-y-como-reducirlos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/registry-plus/noah.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nora/councils/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/measles/php/guidance/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/about/npcr-timeline.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/es/response/que-hacer-para-protegerse-durante-un-apagon.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/onions-10-23/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/me-cfs/hcp/diagnosis-testing/factors-complicating-the-diagnosis-of-me-cfs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/prevention/prevencion-de-la-infeccion-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-a.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/rubella/es/about/acerca-de-la-rubeola.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/tsunamis/healtheff.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tourette-syndrome/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/strep-lab/php/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/site.html

…and more — 91 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/stories/index.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-04afcea8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 6937 instances; 587 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 587 of 3333 scanned pages (6937 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000205.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5536a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5719md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047871.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0196_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001970.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0197_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055745.htm

…and more — 587 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-af9b0a21`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<img class="float-start me-3 img-fluid" style="height:3em;" src="images/handbook/cheer-megaphone.svg">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2050 instances; 153 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 153 of 3333 scanned pages (2050 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: <img class="float-start me-3 img-fluid" style="height:3em;" src="images/handbook/cheer-megaphone.svg">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000279.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001948.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4821a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5601a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5341a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0135_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4842a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5203a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4819a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0006_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0081.htm

…and more — 153 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm

---

## Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b1fc7b4d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9429bb8d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292  
**XPath / selector:** `#accordion-7`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-children` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="accordion indicator-plus accordion-white mb3" id="accordion-7" role="tablist">
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292.
2. Locate the element: #accordion-7
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-18aa0860`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.flex-column`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 29 instances; 29 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ul class="nav scrollnav flex-column d-none d-lg-block usa-sidenav">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 29 of 3333 scanned pages (29 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: .flex-column
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016138.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001948.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020843.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015823.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016579.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023049.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001069.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016174.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015823.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053943.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016322.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017435.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/fertility-awareness-based-methods.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5342a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6019a5_addinfo.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001928.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018006.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001980.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049127.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017286.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000421.htm

…and more — 29 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__list.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016138.htm

---

## Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e7026de4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-07ba3b17`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html  
**XPath / selector:** `table`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `td-headers-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 5 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table class="prevaltb" border="1" summary="2018 Adult Prevalence Tables">
```

### Description
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 5 of 3333 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html.
2. Locate the element: table
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread-es.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/HPV-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table13_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread-es.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/HPV-adults.html

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c1c9d34e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ndi/apply/ndi-payments.html  
**XPath / selector:** `div[data-section="cdc_generic_section_1"] > .table.dfe-table.table-no-header > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(3) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 24 instances; 5 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li>$5.00 per subject flat rate, regardless of number of years searched</li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 5 of 3333 scanned pages (24 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ndi/apply/ndi-payments.html.
2. Locate the element: div[data-section="cdc_generic_section_1"] > .table.dfe-table.table-no-header > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(3) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ndi/apply/ndi-payments.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/pep/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/hcp/clinical-care/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsroom.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ndi/apply/ndi-payments.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hivnexus/hcp/pep/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a1.htm

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f03ca27c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul class="forWide">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 981 instances; 90 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 90 of 3333 scanned pages (981 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: <ul class="forWide">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/think-test-treat-tb/partner-toolkit/article.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/nonhuman-primates-policy-statements.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-3.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/effects/allergens-and-pollen.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/rwi/ear-infections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injectionsafety/blood-glucose-monitoring.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/spirometry/training/get-involved.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- https://www.cdc.gov/protozoa-intestinal/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fibrous-glass/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/multimedia-and-tools/view-search-results-in-mcrc.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/indicators/2021/StateCity-TBReport.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nora/councils/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/improve-your-emotional-well-being/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/appendix-b1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/health-equity/improving-access-education.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/communication-resources/prevent-lead-poisoning-in-children.html

…and more — 90 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-68379181`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<td>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 9422 instances; 9 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 9 of 3333 scanned pages (9422 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm.
2. Locate the element: <td>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/GSK-Adjuvanted-RSVPreF3-adults-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6050md.htm?s_cid=mm6050md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2018.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6046md.htm?s_cid=mm6046md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0015.htm

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4914506c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h2>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 6 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 6 of 3333 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h2>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5342a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-technical-notes.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlhabb2.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5342a3.htm

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9c349945`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table1-1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<th colspan="8" scope="colgroup">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 39 instances; 4 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 4 of 3333 scanned pages (39 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table1-1.htm.
2. Locate the element: <th colspan="8" scope="colgroup">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table1-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table13_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0463.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table1-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table13_LLCP.html

---

## aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ad7c292f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9207ed51`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@headers="Annual Average"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r45` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 138 instances; 2 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (7 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r45 on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (138 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html.
2. Locate the element: @headers="Annual Average"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r45 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table13_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table13_LLCP.html

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e45213b4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/prevention-epicenters/washington.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.all-pages`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 64 instances; 49 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 49 of 3333 scanned pages (64 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/prevention-epicenters/washington.html.
2. Locate the element: .all-pages
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/prevention-epicenters/washington.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/dialysis/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/3-years.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6105a3.htm?s_cid=mm6105a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5912a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/emergency-transport.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/php/free-textcodinginnsspessence/additional-tips-term-syntax.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-sterilization/conclusion.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/table-2-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-and-school-preparedness/php/interventions/planning.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/monitoring-equipment.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/avian-timeline/2020s.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/appendix-b1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/introduction.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/temp-monitoring.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/table-4-1.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/worker-safety/farm-workers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usmec/fertility-awareness-based-methods.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/about/autism.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/safe-labs/php/echo-biosafety-2023/safety-challenges-specimens.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/evaluation-and-diagnosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/vaccine-considerations/safety-considerations.html

…and more — 49 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/prevention-epicenters/washington.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/dialysis/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/milestones/3-years.html

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8b64c482`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/114/14/1549" class="external">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 8 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (8 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/114/14/1549" class="external">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c996cedc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-8.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-responsive > div`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 43 instances; 23 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 23 of 3333 scanned pages (43 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-8.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-responsive > div
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-8.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-15.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6505a4.htm?s_cid=mm6505a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-b/table-2-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/appendix-b1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6545a2.htm?s_cid=mm6545a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat112.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6517e1.htm?s_cid=mm6517e1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/HPV-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/63/wr/mm6355a4.htm?s_cid=mm6355a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-51.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/ss/ss6509a1.htm?s_cid=ss6509_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week15.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat112.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/medicaid/Cessation.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6638a1.htm?s_cid=mm6638a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week19.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/iis/code-sets/vis-barcode-lookup-table.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/urban_rural.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6513a3.htm?s_cid=mm6513a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-43.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-8.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-15.html

---

## Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f3e0949f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58346bcf`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped main|gray-l4 table-sm" style="width: 50%; height: 108px; border-color: #dbdbdb;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r84` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r84 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped main|gray-l4 table-sm" style="width: 50%; height: 108px; border-color: #dbdbdb;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r84 against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fishing/data-research/regional-summaries/east-coast.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84

---

## <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-67ca8aa7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4b45acfe`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.2.2 — Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `blink` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 23 instances; 10 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
</blink>
```

### Description
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 10 of 3333 scanned pages (23 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001674.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5019a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/m2e411a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5402a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5308a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001673.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4810a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001674.htm

---

## Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation (WCAG 2.4.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-802d6b7d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c80d5faa`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.2 — Page Titled (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `document-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation. Detected by axe-core rule document-title on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule document-title against WCAG 2.4.2 Page Titled.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/heattips.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the page a unique, descriptive <title>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/extremeheat/heattips.html

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3358f751`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 872 instances; 262 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 262 of 3333 scanned pages (872 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm.
2. Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/WJ882F48.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/fungal/hcp/covid-fungal/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0196_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0197_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10426
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2000-144.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0039a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0093_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0064_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10141
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0442.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0131_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/oct/08_0158_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/injectionsafety/blood-glucose-monitoring.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/KI3D6AA8.html

…and more — 262 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/WJ882F48.html

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-711e7848`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/email.do" onclick="openRequestedPopup(); return false;" class="noLinking">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 172 instances; 75 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 75 of 3333 scanned pages (172 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/email.do" onclick="openRequestedPopup(); return false;" class="noLinking">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10141
- https://www.cdc.gov/injectionsafety/blood-glucose-monitoring.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0135_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0006_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0081.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0122_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/silica
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0267_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/toc.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0015.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/contraceptive-guidance/app.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0194_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0075_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10478
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0198_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/oct/cover.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0172.htm

…and more — 75 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r11.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-aa2f5a7e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 578 instances; 578 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 578 of 3333 scanned pages (578 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000205.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5536a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5719md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047871.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0196_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001970.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0197_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055745.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014_fr.htm

…and more — 578 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-414fa1b3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 152 instances; 152 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 152 of 3333 scanned pages (152 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000279.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001948.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4821a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5601a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5341a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0135_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4842a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5203a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4819a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0006_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5725a7.htm

…and more — 152 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e2f85605`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBox`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 238 instances; 169 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 169 of 3333 scanned pages (238 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w.
2. Locate the element: #searchBox
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6338a4.htm?s_cid=mm6338a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5940a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1987_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1999_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6043a3.htm?s_cid=mm6043a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6448a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6002a1.htm?s_cid=mm6002a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6105a3.htm?s_cid=mm6105a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6124md.htm?s_cid=mm6124md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6335a1.htm?s_cid=mm6335a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5912a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a3.htm?s_cid=mm6345a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6108a2.htm?s_cid=mm6108a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5926a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6007a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a5.htm?s_cid=mm6030a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6025a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a1.htm?s_cid=mm6140a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6121a2.htm?s_cid=mm6121a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6132a2.htm?s_cid=mm6132a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6238a2.htm?s_cid=mm6238a2_w

…and more — 169 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6338a4.htm?s_cid=mm6338a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html

---

## Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-eba6c4fa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fab92378`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-the-nicotine-lozenge.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#medicine`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `select-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 13 instances; 7 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<select id="medicine" onchange="window.location = this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;">
```

### Description
Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (13 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-the-nicotine-lozenge.html.
2. Locate the element: #medicine
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-the-nicotine-lozenge.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs.htm?program=nhis
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-nicotine-gum.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/sin-medicamentos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Influenza+and+pneumonia
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/provisional-tables.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-the-nicotine-lozenge.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs.htm?program=nhis
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/index.html

---

## Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-37860278`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e7298c00`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBtn`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `button-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 11 instances; 6 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W32 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button id="searchBtn" type="submit" class="btn btn-primary m-0" onclick="find(previousSibling.value)"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
```

### Description
Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 6 of 3333 scanned pages (11 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: #searchBtn
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/prep.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/pep.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/living-with/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/prevention/prep.html

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d27ced34`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe[width="500"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 40 instances; 33 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="pdfs/handbook/2025MemberHandbook-Reference.pdf" width="500" height="700"></iframe>
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 33 of 3333 scanned pages (40 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe[width="500"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/prevention/animals.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/have-a-respirator-on-hand.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/talk-to-someone-after-a-disaster.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prevention/screening.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/violence-against-children/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/safety/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/jackie.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/algorithms-endemic-mycoses.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/caring/fentanyl-facts.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-flu-and-you.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/es/about/spanish-benefits-of-quitting.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/breast-cancer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/prediabetes/spanish/risktest/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/community-violence/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/never-drive-through-flooded-areas.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/female-blood-disorders/video-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-prevention/lifestyle-change-program/lifestyle-change-program-details.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/prepared/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0346
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/stories/experts-discuss-role-of-vaccines.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthy-pets/educational-materials/videos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/managing-mental-health.html

…and more — 33 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__frame-title.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/prevention/animals.html

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-debfd809`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-7`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 23 instances; 8 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0" role="tab" id="acc-header-7" href="#acc-panel-7" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-7" aria-controls="acc-panel-7" aria-expanded="true"><butt
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 8 of 3333 scanned pages (23 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-7
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/periodontal-gum-disease.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-vision.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/hispanic-latino.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/about/impact/campaign-impact-results.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/lgbt.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/provisional-tables.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/periodontal-gum-disease.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-vision.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c8bcddf6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `th[aria-labelledby=":r4:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 33 instances; 4 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 4 of 3333 scanned pages (33 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.html.
2. Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r4:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections-pwid.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-infections-pwid.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccine-safety-systems/hcp/cisa/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections-pwid.html

---

## Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-167fa929`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ebb1c464`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(1) > td:nth-child(3) > .fa-check.fa-2x[aria-label="Yes"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-prohibited-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<i class="fa fa-2x gray-icon fa-check" aria-label="Yes"></i>
```

### Description
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(1) > td:nth-child(3) > .fa-check.fa-2x[aria-label="Yes"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314

---

## ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-981fc1cb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-45146742`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/ardi  
**XPath / selector:** `#divIdleTimeout`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-hidden-focus` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-hidden-focus?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div id="divIdleTimeout" class="modal fade background-and-border-none" style="display: block;background: none;width: 100%;box-shadow: none;border: none;" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"
```

### Description
ARIA hidden element must not be focusable or contain focusable elements. Detected by axe-core rule aria-hidden-focus on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/ardi.
2. Locate the element: #divIdleTimeout
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-hidden-focus against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't put focusable elements inside aria-hidden="true"; they become a keyboard trap for screen-reader users.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-hidden-focus?application=axeAPI

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5c561f2f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<input type="text" class="email" id="Email" name="email">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 48 instances; 48 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 48 of 3333 scanned pages (48 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html.
2. Locate the element: <input type="text" class="email" id="Email" name="email">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a3.htm?s_cid=mm6345a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a1.htm?s_cid=mm6140a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6204a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a4.htm?s_cid=mm6112a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6001a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a18.htm?s_cid=su6203a18_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a1.htm?s_cid=mm6008a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6314a1.htm?s_cid=mm6314a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm?s_cid=mm6008a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6016a5.htm?s_cid=mm6016a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6328a4.htm?s_cid=mm6328a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6124a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6050a4.htm?s_cid=mm6050a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6004a7.htm?s_cid=su6004a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6337a2.htm?s_cid=mm6337a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5922a1.htm?s_cid=mm5922a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6144a5.htm?s_cid=mm6144a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6043a2.htm?s_cid=mm6043a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6337a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a1.htm?s_cid=mm6122a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6103a1.htm?s_cid=ss6103a1_w

…and more — 48 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r8.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a3.htm?s_cid=mm6345a3_w

---

## Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4e92235a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-29f9f921`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<button id="searchBtn" type="submit" class="btn btn-primary m-0" onclick="find(previousSibling.value)">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r12` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 25 instances; 7 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### Description
Button has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r12 on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (25 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: <button id="searchBtn" type="submit" class="btn btn-primary m-0" onclick="find(previousSibling.value)">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r12 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/06.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/spanish/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherprovidertk0049
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-infections-pwid.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/06.htm

---

## Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-dbc9069d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a2a3dffb`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0" role="tab" id="acc-header-7" href="#acc-panel-7">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r90` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Component with same name serves same purpose. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r90 on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292.
2. Locate the element: <div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0" role="tab" id="acc-header-7" href="#acc-panel-7">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r90 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/hispanic-latino.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0292
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/hispanic-latino.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0314

---

## aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2178f223`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6cf30ff`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/ardi  
**XPath / selector:** `<div id="divIdleTimeout" class="modal fade background-and-border-none" style="display: block;background: none;width: 100%;box-shadow: none;border: none;" tabindex="-1">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r17` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element does not contain focusable elements. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r17 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/ardi.
2. Locate the element: <div id="divIdleTimeout" class="modal fade background-and-border-none" style="display: block;background: none;width: 100%;box-shadow: none;border: none;" tabindex="-1">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r17 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r17

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e9e2abba`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 964 instances; 606 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 606 of 3333 scanned pages (964 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5940a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0149_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000205.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5536a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5719md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7418a1.htm?s_cid=mm7418a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047871.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1987_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001970.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6947e2.htm?s_cid=mm6947e2_w

…and more — 606 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-57bbb11e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Related Pages"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1259 instances; 213 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 213 of 3333 scanned pages (1259 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/nonhuman-primates-policy-statements.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-and-school-preparedness/before-during-after/reunification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/explore-places-interactive-map.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluvaxview/dashboard/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/es/vaccines/recomendaciones-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-el-tetanos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-3.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/rr/rr7201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/leadership/director-of-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/iis/policy-legislation/california.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/effects/allergens-and-pollen.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/swimming/swimmers/rwi/ear-infections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/general/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/contact/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/spirometry/training/get-involved.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/leadership/dgmh-director.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-health-tracking/php/our-work/about-colorado-tracking.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ppe/protective-clothing
- http://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/programs/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/traumatic-brain-injury/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/es/milestones-in-action/4-months.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/php/news/may-2024.html

…and more — 213 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html

---

## lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4a4afa66`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-dd1c019f`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/avian-flu-transmission.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.aspect-ratio-16-9.image-container > a[lang="__"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `valid-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/09/avian-flu-transmission-Mamean.pdf" title="How Infected Backyard Poultry Could Spread Bird Flu to People (Mamean)" lang="__">
```

### Description
lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/avian-flu-transmission.html.
2. Locate the element: .aspect-ratio-16-9.image-container > a[lang="__"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/avian-flu-transmission.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2c134875`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "An official website of the United States government "`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 20171 instances; 665 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 665 of 3333 scanned pages (20171 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: text: "An official website of the United States government "
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/communication-resources/five-signs-of-severe-food-poisoning.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies/2017/case458.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6911a7.htm?s_cid=mm6911a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsvvaxview/dashboard/monoclonal-antibody-coverage-jurisdiction.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0676.html

…and more — 665 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fa74a9f8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="smallgrey">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11133 instances; 301 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 301 of 3333 scanned pages (11133 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="smallgrey">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-158
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet749.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-135
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1886.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0070.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0108.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/longtermcare/training.html

…and more — 301 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6b8a00a3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="smallgrey">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 117762 instances; 240 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 240 of 3333 scanned pages (117762 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="smallgrey">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0070.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0108.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6521a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000279.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a3.htm?s_cid=mm6345a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001948.htm

…and more — 240 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ff055870`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/toc.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="deck">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/toc.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p class="deck">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/toc.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/toc.htm

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a31a3dee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/pcd/index.htm" class="cdc-logo__title">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 23830 instances; 761 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 761 of 3333 scanned pages (23830 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/pcd/index.htm" class="cdc-logo__title">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/communication-resources/five-signs-of-severe-food-poisoning.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies/2017/case458.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6911a7.htm?s_cid=mm6911a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsvvaxview/dashboard/monoclonal-antibody-coverage-jurisdiction.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108

…and more — 761 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-52a8b8e1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[width="5"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 31693 instances; 3013 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/nav01.gif" border="0" width="5" height="2" alt="Skip Navigation Links">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 3013 of 3333 scanned pages (31693 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[width="5"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/projects/centers.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a2.htm?s_cid=mm7329a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-21-vaers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/hcp/antibiotics/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/index.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fnsfg.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/choosing-healthy-carbs.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/risk-factors/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7024a3.htm?s_cid=mm7024a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7131a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6338a4.htm?s_cid=mm6338a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm

…and more — 3013 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/projects/centers.html

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3540bfee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 168 instances; 168 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insérer un courriel" value="Insérer un courriel" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 168 of 3333 scanned pages (168 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0196_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0197_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0014_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/jan/03_0039a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0093_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0064_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0131_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/oct/08_0158_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0165_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0156_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/06_0186_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0135_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0134_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0267_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0250_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0067_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0082_fr.htm

…and more — 168 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label-title-only.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm

---

## ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-479df34d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa724f90`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#myModal`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-dialog-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 5 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W32 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div id="myModal" class="modal fade show" style="padding-right: 17px; display: block;" aria-modal="true" role="dialog">
```

### Description
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 5 of 3333 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html.
2. Locate the element: #myModal
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsroom.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/index.html

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b693a04f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a2.htm?s_cid=mm7329a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `.col-md-9 > h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1422 instances; 984 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3><strong>Summary</strong></h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 984 of 3333 scanned pages (1422 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a2.htm?s_cid=mm7329a2_w.
2. Locate the element: .col-md-9 > h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a2.htm?s_cid=mm7329a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/index.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fnsfg.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7024a3.htm?s_cid=mm7024a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7131a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/videos/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/WJ882F48.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/stories/elizabeth-b.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6943e5.htm?s_cid=mm6943e5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0149_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/historias/shawn.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5536a7.htm

…and more — 984 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7329a2.htm?s_cid=mm7329a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-87c5e2da`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 813 instances; 813 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 813 of 3333 scanned pages (813 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0163_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6338a4.htm?s_cid=mm6338a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5940a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0149_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000205.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5536a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5719md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047871.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1987_su.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0196_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm

…and more — 813 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5008a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6145a7.htm?s_cid=mm6145a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5803a4.htm

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-82cbc74f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 832 instances; 808 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 808 of 3333 scanned pages (832 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/projects/centers.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-21-vaers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/anthrax/hcp/antibiotics/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/healthy-eating/choosing-healthy-carbs.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/hantavirus/hcp/clinical-overview/hps.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lung-cancer/es/risk-factors/index.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/mumps/signs-symptoms/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nndss/about/readers-guides.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/summer-travel/travel-safely/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/iqip/hcp/at-a-glance/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb/hcp/testing-diagnosis/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travelers-with-additional-considerations/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/one-health/php/stories/one-health-collaboration-in-uzbekistan.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthy-swimming/response/what-to-do-when-there-is-poop-in-the-pool.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/strep-lab/php/pneumococcus/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/chagas/hcp/chagas-disease/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/emres/programs/strategic-framework.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/risk-factors/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/awarenessdays/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/toolkit/icar.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html

…and more — 808 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/projects/centers.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-db43a063`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 176 instances; 176 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 176 of 3333 scanned pages (176 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/partners/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/concerned.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-131
- https://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hantavirus/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hepatitis-b-vaccination/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data/autism-data-table.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/active-people-healthy-nation/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hai/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/uscs/public-use/dictionary/behavior-code-ICD-O-3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/coverage/childvaxview/pubs-presentations/nis-child-pandemic-effects-2018-2021.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cervical-cancer/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/mening-MenACWY-TT-MenB-FHbp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/model-aquatic-health-code/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-measles-vaccination/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/giardiasis/factsht_giardia.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/organizations/businesses-employers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthyYouth/data/yrbs
- https://www.cdc.gov/learning-connection/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/sexualbehaviors/index.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccines/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/violence-prevention/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/basic_info/benefits-harms.htm

…and more — 176 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/partners/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/spanish/actearly/concerned.html

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d60a2f99`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#az"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 31 instances; 31 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="#az" class="skippy" title="Salte directo al listado de A-Z">Salte directo al listado de A-Z</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 31 of 3333 scanned pages (31 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#az"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0149_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-131
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0397_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0249_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet1840.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0179_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-dashboard.htm%20
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-141
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0105_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/animated-leading-causes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0116_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0276_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0222_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0184_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0089_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0170_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0113_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0318_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0042_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/10_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0178_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0256_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0274_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0035_es.htm

…and more — 31 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__skip-link.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0149_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2005-131

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fb56e808`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html  
**XPath / selector:** `td[scope="col"]:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 261 instances; 19 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td scope="col">Is the problem of public health importance?</td>
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 19 of 3333 scanned pages (261 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html.
2. Locate the element: td[scope="col"]:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-30.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0480.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0070.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-8.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-15.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0032.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week09.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-51.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week15.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0325.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week19.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0434.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0409.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-43.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-novavax-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-30.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0480.htm

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-de8ed4da`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.btn-srch`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 214 instances; 195 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button role="search" type="submit" class="btn-srch" aria-label="Search" style="right: -8px;"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 195 of 3333 scanned pages (214 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html.
2. Locate the element: .btn-srch
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1250.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2013-103_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2013-143_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-109
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-198
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet781.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-158
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-109
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-143
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2000-144.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2019-133.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1592.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/83-119
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2021-107.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2013-118_sp
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsStakeholderExperienceFeedback_20260713.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/dialysis/enroll.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-155
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2009-111

…and more — 195 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-role.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/npn.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1250.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2013-103_sp

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-65eb9879`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `tr > .col-2`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 312 instances; 72 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th class="col-2"></th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 72 of 3333 scanned pages (312 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: tr > .col-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-30.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0105.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6002a1.htm?s_cid=mm6002a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6124md.htm?s_cid=mm6124md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-15.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5926a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6505a4.htm?s_cid=mm6505a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0267.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization/state-life-expectancy/index_2019.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table1-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week09.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6204a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6010a1.htm?s_cid=ss6010a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/narms/about/partners.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/respvaxview/publications/pregnancy-coverage-estimation.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5827a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0172.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-b/hcp/perinatal-provider-overview
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6132md.htm?s_cid=mm6132md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/03/table1-2.htm

…and more — 72 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-table-header.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0081.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-30.html

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d75c5810`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `li:nth-child(5) > h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 17 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3></h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 17 of 3333 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm.
2. Locate the element: li:nth-child(5) > h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5543a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5146a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/default.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5412a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5342a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/mortality-technical-notes.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlyCaseStudies/2020/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/digital-social-media-tools/Social-Media-Channels.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7312a3.htm?s_cid=mm7312a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/idlhabb2.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5513a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544a1.htm

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-63fd5085`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/training/roadmap/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `img[alt="Outpatient Procedure Component"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 4 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img decoding="async" src="/nhsn/images/training/roadmap/opc.png?_=07129" alt="Outpatient Procedure Component" class="card-img-top card-img-bottom img-fluid bg-white">
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 4 of 3333 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/training/roadmap/index.html.
2. Locate the element: img[alt="Outpatient Procedure Component"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/training/roadmap/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/animated-leading-causes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/LeadingCauses.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/training/roadmap/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/animated-leading-causes.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ardi

---

## Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-77bc699d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-234b2c77`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-1.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#EHDISustainabilityActionPlan`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `table-duplicate-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table id="EHDISustainabilityActionPlan" class="table table-striped" border="1" summary="EHDI Sustainability Action Plan" cellpadding="5">
```

### Description
Tables should not have the same summary and caption. Detected by axe-core rule table-duplicate-name on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-1.html.
2. Locate the element: #EHDISustainabilityActionPlan
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule table-duplicate-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-1.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Elements marked as presentational should be consistently ignored (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-109e34f0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-096684ad`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/provisional-tables.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `#ui-id-1`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `presentation-role-conflict` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/presentation-role-conflict?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W32, last seen 2026-W32 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="#tabs-1" role="presentation" tabindex="-1" class="ui-tabs-anchor" id="ui-id-1">U.S. Monthly Totals</a>
```

### Description
Elements marked as presentational should be consistently ignored. Detected by axe-core rule presentation-role-conflict on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/provisional-tables.htm.
2. Locate the element: #ui-id-1
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule presentation-role-conflict.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/provisional-tables.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** An element with role="presentation"/"none" must not also be focusable or have a global ARIA attribute; remove the conflict.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/presentation-role-conflict?application=axeAPI

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-222c27e7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Skip directly to search"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 8051 instances; 548 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 548 of 3333 scanned pages (8051 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/nsfg_2002_questionnaires.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0296a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/communication-resources/five-signs-of-severe-food-poisoning.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/monthlycasestudies/2017/case458.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6911a7.htm?s_cid=mm6911a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsvvaxview/dashboard/monoclonal-antibody-coverage-jurisdiction.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0676.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-158
- http://www.cdc.gov/suicide/programs/csp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/stories/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/think-test-treat-tb/partner-toolkit/article.html

…and more — 548 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-998b62ef`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 419 instances; 392 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 392 of 3333 scanned pages (419 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/milestone-checklists.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-safety/communication-resources/five-signs-of-severe-food-poisoning.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/manufacturing/hazardous-energy-control/resource-guide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsvvaxview/dashboard/monoclonal-antibody-coverage-jurisdiction.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2011-145.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-108
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-158
- http://www.cdc.gov/suicide/programs/csp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/uterine-cancer/es/stories/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/think-test-treat-tb/partner-toolkit/article.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/importation/laws-regulations/nonhuman-primates-policy-statements.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/children-and-school-preparedness/before-during-after/reunification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/places/tools/explore-places-interactive-map.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluvaxview/dashboard/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet749.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tetanus/es/vaccines/recomendaciones-sobre-la-vacuna-contra-el-tetanos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-3.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-135
- https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/leadership/director-of-the-division-for-heart-disease-and-stroke-prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1886.html

…and more — 392 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comprehensive-cancer-control/success-stories/iowa-hpv-vaccination.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1f5d2b2a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h4>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 382 instances; 269 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 269 of 3333 scanned pages (382 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h4>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/adultasthma/technical.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket330.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0485.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6911a7.htm?s_cid=mm6911a7_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nis/data_files_teen.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0676.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/es/disasters/lightning/firstaid.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7001a3.htm?s_cid=mm7001a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/rr/rr7201a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7305a2.htm?s_cid=mm7305a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm

…and more — 269 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0288.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/vsus/vsus_1980_2003.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/suicide.htm

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-75ab6287`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 192 instances; 192 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 192 of 3333 scanned pages (192 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0203.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5408a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001961.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00022056.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5615a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0177_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000279.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0215.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001948.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4821a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5601a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5341a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0135_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4842a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0067_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a1.htm?s_cid=mm6140a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5203a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4819a6.htm

…and more — 192 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000401.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015136.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0035_es.htm

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1520e181`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `body`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14074 instances; 113 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" background="../../../images/bkgnd.gif" class=" dmat-load-complete">

<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../../
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 113 of 3333 scanned pages (14074 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: body
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5011a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0064_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0070.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/19_0108.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0249_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115e1.htm?s_cid=mm7115e1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001102.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000385.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0134_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0267_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6505a4.htm?s_cid=mm6505a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018745.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0220_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000821.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056949.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0122_zhs.htm

…and more — 113 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e6c659af`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 99 instances; 99 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 99 of 3333 scanned pages (99 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/hai/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a3.htm?s_cid=mm6345a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/mening-MenACWY-TT-MenB-FHbp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/community/organizations/businesses-employers.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/learning-connection/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/sexualbehaviors/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a1.htm?s_cid=mm6140a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/sickle-cell-anemia/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6204a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/grants/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6112a4.htm?s_cid=mm6112a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6001a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/opioids/healthcare-professionals/prescribing/guideline/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a18.htm?s_cid=su6203a18_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/funding/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/recombinant-zoster-immunocompromised-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/site.html

…and more — 99 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/php/contact-tracing/contact-tracing-plan/overview.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d064a622`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 551 instances; 67 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Recommendations and Reports</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 67 of 3333 scanned pages (551 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5011a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a8.htm?s_cid=mm6128a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6105a3.htm?s_cid=mm6105a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001102.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000385.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0134_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018745.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0220_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000821.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056949.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4944a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a2.htm?s_cid=mm6039a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5844a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4821a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5305a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053191.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6025a5.htm?s_cid=mm6025a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5827a3.htm

…and more — 67 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9284939b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3 class="h3">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 120 instances; 60 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 60 of 3333 scanned pages (120 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3 class="h3">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10141
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6521a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/writing-cause-of-death-statements.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/php/news/may-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket270.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/learning-connection/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket077.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/data-maps/historic-data.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6204a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/about/season.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10478
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6540a7.htm?s_cid=mm6540a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7147a2.htm?s_cid=mm7147a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/topics/mammography.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0105_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/injury/ice/ice_meetings.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/families/why-act-early.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/site.html

…and more — 60 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-dc2f58a6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 71 instances; 48 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 48 of 3333 scanned pages (71 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5011a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5438a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001102.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000385.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018745.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000546.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000821.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056949.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4944a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4821a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5305a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00053191.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000021.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048673.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001809.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5001a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001811.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5150a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049363.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5620md.htm

…and more — 48 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__big-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5649a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5139a1.htm

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1630ba7c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 65 instances; 26 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 26 of 3333 scanned pages (65 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0064_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-47.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0134_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0267_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0220_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0122_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0102a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0076_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/09_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0192_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0051_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0126_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0020_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/10_0046_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/toc.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0134.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0179.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0152_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0152_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0083_zhs.htm

…and more — 26 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__center-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0064_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/08_0029a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0064_fr.htm

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7443d182`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 17 instances; 17 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 17 of 3333 scanned pages (17 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0132.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/contact/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0105_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0032.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0173.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0276_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0222_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0184_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/prams/php/data-research/arf-data-access-form.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_1999.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/11_0339.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5853a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0165_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0116a.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0126_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2007.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0100.htm

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-57b8cdf2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/data-maps/historic-data.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container bottom data us-county outline-none position-relative">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 18 instances; 9 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 9 of 3333 scanned pages (18 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/data-maps/historic-data.html.
2. Locate the element: <div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container bottom data us-county outline-none position-relative">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/data-maps/historic-data.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/national-hiv-prevention-and-care-objectives-2026.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/ticks/after-a-tick-bite/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/turtles-08-23/locations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dnpao-state-local-programs/php/funding-by-state/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/muscular-dystrophy/research/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/figure-3-9.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/investments/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/php/data-research/repexh01-e-coli-o157h7.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/data-maps/historic-data.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/nhss/national-hiv-prevention-and-care-objectives-2026.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/ticks/after-a-tick-bite/index.html

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-92081ea2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048395.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 7 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W32 (9 weeks)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048395.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048395.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055745.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050576.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049704.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023199.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032639.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048395.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049726.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055745.htm

---

## First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-42866727`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-aa242c2d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r87` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 5 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (7 weeks)

### Description
First focusable element is link to main content. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r87 on 5 of 3333 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r87.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/stac.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2024-2025/data/senAllregt44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/WhoPHL27.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/handbook.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/stac.html

---

## Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7f32a180`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7fbb8b20`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r59` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (7 weeks)

### Description
Element with orientation is not locked. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r59 on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r59.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2024-2025/data/senAllregt44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/WhoPHL27.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2024-2025/data/senAllregt44.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/WhoPHL27.html

---

## Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a005ebd2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a84da368`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `blink-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
</blink>
```

### Description
Obsolete <blink> element. Detected by deprecated-html rule blink-element on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule blink-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5402a2.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5117a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5402a2.htm

---

## Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7400d8f6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c461a167`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="1">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r54` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 2 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### Description
Assertive live region is marked as atomic. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r54 on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="1">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r54.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-infections-pwid.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/breast-cancer-stat-bite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-infections-pwid.html

---

## Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c02083da`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4c341c77`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p style="font-style: italic; text-align: right">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r85` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p style="font-style: italic; text-align: right">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r85.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0236.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85

---

## Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c9d19754`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e43903a1`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6132a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<span class="subscript">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r75` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3333 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W32 (8 weeks)

### Description
Form field error is identified and described. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r75 on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6132a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <span class="subscript">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r75.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6132a4.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75