# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W33

80 issue type(s) from 3332 pages scanned. Generated 2026-08-14 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2c74fca8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2641 instances; 265 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 265 of 3332 scanned pages (2641 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10514
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5024md.htm

…and more — 265 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9524fa70`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/drink-less-be-your-best/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Drink Less, Be Your Best">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 221 instances; 93 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 93 of 3332 scanned pages (221 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/drink-less-be-your-best/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Drink Less, Be Your Best">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fasd/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-fasd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-116sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sti/php/sti-program-resources/outbreak-preparedness-detection-and-response.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/map-deli-meat-and-cheese-11-22.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/group-a-strep/es/about/acerca-de-las-infecciones-por-estreptococos-del-grupo-a.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/php/about/global.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dnpao-data-trends-maps/publications
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/NCHSTP/OD/tuskegee/clintonp.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/video-series/symptoms-h5n1-spanish.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/birth-defects/es/about/atresia-esofagica.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/es/treatment/la-enfermedad-de-tuberculosis-activa.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/communication-resources/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rdc/b5aprovproj/ap540.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/extencilline-during-bicillin-l-a-shortage.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2013-146sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/priorities/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/data-modernization/natural-language-processing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/features/manage-diabetes-at-school.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/media/es/releases/2026/la-lechuga-iceberg-picada-servida-en-establecimientos-de-taco-bell-es-la-fuente-de-infecciones-por.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/php/toolkits/new-beginnings-modules.html

…and more — 93 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fasd/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-fasd.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-39c656a3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 5979 instances; 528 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 528 of 3332 scanned pages (5979 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017507.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6509a2.htm?s_cid=mm6509a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001849.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5824a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0025_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015773.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0122_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5808a3.htm

…and more — 528 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a65ee0ad`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1744 instances; 149 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 149 of 3332 scanned pages (1744 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5024md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5823a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5833a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056589.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w

…and more — 149 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bca3f9e5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6d344d5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html  
**XPath / selector:** `div[role="rowgroup"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-parent` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W33 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div role="rowgroup">
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-parent on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html.
2. Locate the element: div[role="rowgroup"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-parent against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Place this ARIA role inside its required parent role (e.g. an option must be inside a listbox).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c1979758`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `ol[type="1"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 39 instances; 28 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ol type="1">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 28 of 3332 scanned pages (39 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm.
2. Locate the element: ol[type="1"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018831.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015783.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6208a1.htm?s_cid=ss6208a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017725.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001952.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001585.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030666.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/pubmtgs.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018014.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018006.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5301a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016255.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015794.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020232.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026209.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001820.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/references.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046715.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00036730.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038110.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/regulated-medical-waste.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056293.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00042214.htm

…and more — 28 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__list.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018831.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm

---

## Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ac68b345`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-07ba3b17`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html  
**XPath / selector:** `table`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `td-headers-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 22 instances; 19 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table class="table table-bordered">
```

### Description
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 19 of 3332 scanned pages (22 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html.
2. Locate the element: table
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table15.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table5a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table13.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/adult-easyread-es.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread-es.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2009/prevalence_tables/table12.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-solid-organ-transplant.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table4-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2009/prevalence_tables/table3a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/covid-19-2024-2025-6-months-and-older.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table15.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f465443a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 38 instances; 5 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li>Gives healthcare providers a better view of organs, blood vessels, tissues, and bones.</li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (38 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/physical-activity/getting-started.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/testing
- http://www.cdc.gov/clean-hands/hcp/clinical-safety/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/regulated-medical-waste.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-weight-growth/physical-activity/getting-started.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/testing

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-33bd6b21`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1157 instances; 91 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 91 of 3332 scanned pages (1157 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <ul>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/about/community-water-fluoridation-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/centers/productive-aging.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/about-clppp?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnceh%2Flead%2Fabout%2Fprogram.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/social-connectedness/about/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/qfever/es/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-water-sanitation-hygiene/events/world-water-day.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/hcp/vaccine-clinical-guidance/pregnant-people.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/hair-and-scalp-hygiene.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/multimedia-and-tools/view-search-results-in-mcrc.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/outdoor-workers/about/insects-and-scorpions.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/es/treatment/la-enfermedad-de-tuberculosis-activa.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/training/module-5-trauma-informed-responses.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/success-stories-by-state/flint-lead-exposure-registry.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/multimedia-and-tools/login-to-mcrc.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/hcp/animals/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/spanish/resources/features/manage-diabetes-at-school.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/investments/delaware.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/haicviz.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/prevention/index.html

…and more — 91 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d138039f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<th class="text-center" colspan="2" scope="colgroup">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 137 instances; 9 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 9 of 3332 scanned pages (137 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html.
2. Locate the element: <th class="text-center" colspan="2" scope="colgroup">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table5a_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table3-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table13.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2020/prevalence_tables/table1_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fdecc6d9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<td>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11362 instances; 9 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 9 of 3332 scanned pages (11362 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html.
2. Locate the element: <td>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6004md.htm?s_cid=mm6004md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6109md.htm?s_cid=mm6109md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week02.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6012md.htm?s_cid=mm6012md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week01.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm

---

## aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f16cde91`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9207ed51`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@headers="Dem, Sex, SexMale"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r45` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 999 instances; 5 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (8 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r45 on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (999 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html.
2. Locate the element: @headers="Dem, Sex, SexMale"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r45 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table5a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table13.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b_LLCP.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table5a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table13.html

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-162063c4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 3 of 3332 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5705a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/10_0245_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5705a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/10_0245_es.htm

---

## Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1384b7d3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33b49e3b`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<th id="total">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r76` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 58 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### Description
Info and Relationships. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r76 on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (58 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm.
2. Locate the element: <th id="total">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r76 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-1.htm

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0626c044`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.all-pages`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 107 instances; 70 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 70 of 3332 scanned pages (107 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html.
2. Locate the element: .all-pages
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm?s_cid=mm6035a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/malaria-treatment-tables.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/figure-3-4.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/prevention/farm-workers.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/avian-timeline/2000-2009.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/patient-notification-toolkit/best-practices.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/animals-in-healthcare-facilities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/table-3-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/vaccine-considerations/special-situations-and-populations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/cold-chain.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/surveillance-guidance/hepatitis-c.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a4.htm?s_cid=mm5935a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/cold-chain.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6305a8.htm?s_cid=mm6305a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/vaccine-considerations/references-and-previous-updates.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/early-care-education/php/success-stories/farm-to-ece.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/vaccine-considerations/special-situations-and-populations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/contraception/hcp/usspr/intrauterine-contraception.html

…and more — 70 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm?s_cid=mm6035a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1b26c84b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 9 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (9 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b1165b33`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-textblock:nth-child(2) > .table-responsive > div`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 31 instances; 19 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div style="overflow-x: auto;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 19 of 3332 scanned pages (31 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-textblock:nth-child(2) > .table-responsive > div
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/tin-org.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/environmental-control/animals-in-healthcare-facilities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heat-health/hcp/clinical-guidance/heat-and-medications-guidance-for-clinicians.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat122.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluvaxview/coverage-by-season/pregnant-april-2022.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-solid-organ-transplant.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/php/laboratories/specimen-packing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6507a1.htm?s_cid=mm6507a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat122.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week02.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/covid-19-2024-2025-6-months-and-older.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/JYNNEOS-orthopoxvirus-booster.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week01.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/tin-org.html

---

## Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b3c75214`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58346bcf`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/treatment.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="modal-body">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r84` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r84 on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/treatment.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="modal-body">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r84 against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/treatment.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vams/hcp/resources/front-desk-user-manual.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r84

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/treatment.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vams/hcp/resources/front-desk-user-manual.html

---

## <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-05c65358`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4b45acfe`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.2.2 — Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `blink` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 8 instances; 8 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 8 of 3332 scanned pages (8 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5503a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5633a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5404a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5606a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5503a1.htm

---

## Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation (WCAG 2.4.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-62e50b4f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c80d5faa`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.2 — Page Titled (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `document-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation. Detected by axe-core rule document-title on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule document-title against WCAG 2.4.2 Page Titled.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-socio-dem.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the page a unique, descriptive <title>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-socio-dem.html

---

## Document has a title element (WCAG 2.4.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fa46f111`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0728f339`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.2 — Page Titled (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r1` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r1))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (4 weeks)

### Description
Document has a title element. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r1 on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r1 against WCAG 2.4.2 Page Titled.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r1

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f99a9112`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 567 instances; 231 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 231 of 3332 scanned pages (567 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0407.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0025_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0122_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10422
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5851a2.htm?s_cid=mm5851a2_e
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0051_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0153_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10514
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0138.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0034_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/injection-safety/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/hcp/clinical-resources/outpatient-care.html

…and more — 231 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6983ffbd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 121 instances; 63 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 63 of 3332 scanned pages (121 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10514
- https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/hcp/clinical-resources/outpatient-care.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-111
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0094.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-120
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0191_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/09_0234_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0141_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/10_0019.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket134B.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jan/06_0029_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0192_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5503a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10110
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0055_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10241
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0277e.htm

…and more — 63 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r11.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-972c1ea7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 516 instances; 516 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 516 of 3332 scanned pages (516 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017507.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001849.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0025_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015773.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0122_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5808a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049569.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm

…and more — 516 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-58b1318c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 144 instances; 144 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 144 of 3332 scanned pages (144 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5024md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056589.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0094.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0191_fr.htm

…and more — 144 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5dc15830`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBox`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 188 instances; 186 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 186 of 3332 scanned pages (188 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w.
2. Locate the element: #searchBox
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6001a14.htm?s_cid=su6001a14_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm?s_cid=mm6035a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a4.htm?s_cid=mm6126a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a4.htm?s_cid=mm6140a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5920a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6440a7.htm?s_cid=mm6440a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5922a3.htm?s_cid=mm5922a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6415a3.htm?s_cid=mm6415a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index89.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a5.htm?s_cid=mm6021a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6325a9.htm?s_cid=mm6325a9_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5942a1.htm?s_cid=mm5942a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6335a7.htm?s_cid=mm6335a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a3.htm?s_cid=mm6126a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a3.htm?s_cid=mm6021a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6412a7.htm?s_cid=mm6412a7_w

…and more — 186 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm

---

## Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-63e5ebf6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fab92378`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#medicine`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `select-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 8 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<select id="medicine" onchange="window.location = this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;">
```

### Description
Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 8 of 3332 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html.
2. Locate the element: #medicine
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-nicotine-gum.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/hestats.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Suicide
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/como-usar-medicamentos/inhalador-oral-de-nicotina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/without-medicine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/without-medicine.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-nicotine-gum.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/hestats.htm

---

## Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5fd1232c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e7298c00`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing  
**XPath / selector:** `#search__icon`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `button-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W33 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>
```

### Description
Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing.
2. Locate the element: #search__icon
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/interest_ya.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/interest_ya.html

---

## Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f0850ad4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-1467ea8a`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization  
**XPath / selector:** `#natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 15 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="text" id="natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="-1">
```

### Description
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-attr on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (15 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization.
2. Locate the element: #natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove ARIA attributes that aren't allowed on this role/element.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-86e094c6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 53 instances; 34 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oe95Rf5DByg?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 34 of 3332 scanned pages (53 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-2-2.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-1-2.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/stories/advice.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/video-series/protection-from-h5n1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/stories/global-networks.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/prepare-for-tsunami.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/about/biomonitoring-policies.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/php/about/global.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/move-away-from-the-path-of-a-landslide-or-mudslide.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/health-equity/african-american.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cervical-cancer.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/qdrl/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing
- https://www.cdc.gov/contracts/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/prevention-research-centers/php/communication-resources/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/haicviz.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer-survivors/hcp/mental-health-care/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-2-4.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0309
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/benefits-of-quitting.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/video-series/get-h5n1-bird-flu.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/es/stories/la-historia-de-laura.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/haicviz.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fhai%2Feip%2Fhaicviz.html

…and more — 34 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__frame-title.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-2-2.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-1-2.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a36aa766`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html  
**XPath / selector:** `th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 261 instances; 12 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 12 of 3332 scanned pages (261 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html.
2. Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/figure-3-4.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-b-reduce-deaths.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/our-approach/briefbook-strengthenlabcapacity.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/lung-cancer-stat-bite.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths-aian.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acute-flaccid-myelitis/cases-in-us.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/figure-3-4.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-01f1fb41`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-2`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 9 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 9 of 3332 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/newsletters.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/excisetax/ExciseTax.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/excisetax/ExciseTax.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0309
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/copd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/report/previous.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/newsletters.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/statesystem/factsheets/excisetax/ExciseTax.html

---

## Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8fd0c1ab`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ebb1c464`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307  
**XPath / selector:** `#UNIQUE3056890ef409a144`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-prohibited-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE3056890ef409a144" aria-label="Carousel">
```

### Description
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307.
2. Locate the element: #UNIQUE3056890ef409a144
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0309

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307
- https://www.cdc.gov/HIVTreatment?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0309

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2101b9c8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 45 instances; 43 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 43 of 3332 scanned pages (45 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w.
2. Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6335a7.htm?s_cid=mm6335a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a3.htm?s_cid=mm6126a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6320a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6238a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6120a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6037a3.htm?s_cid=mm6037a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6308a2.htm?s_cid=mm6308a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5950a4.htm?s_cid=mm5950a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6301a5.htm?s_cid=mm6301a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6025a2.htm?s_cid=mm6025a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a10.htm?s_cid=mm6434a10_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/php/haic-eip/haicviz.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6007a5.htm?s_cid=mm6007a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6346a14.htm?s_cid=mm6346a14_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5919a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6250a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6008a1.htm?s_cid=ss6008a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6310a5.htm?s_cid=mm6310a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a4.htm

…and more — 43 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r8.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w

---

## Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-37a94fe7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-29f9f921`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<span role="button" class="sort-icon">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r12` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 32 instances; 5 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### Description
Button has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r12 on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (32 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html.
2. Locate the element: <span role="button" class="sort-icon">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r12 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/library?Audience+1=Transgender+People&Language=English+%28US%29&Sort=Last+Updated%3A%3Adesc

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether

---

## Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ed2f3dcb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a2a3dffb`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r90` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Component with same name serves same purpose. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r90 on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html.
2. Locate the element: <div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r90 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r90

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7daef15a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 839 instances; 537 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 537 of 3332 scanned pages (839 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6001a14.htm?s_cid=su6001a14_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm?s_cid=mm6035a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a4.htm?s_cid=mm6126a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a4.htm?s_cid=mm6140a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5920a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017507.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001849.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5824a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5721md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015773.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5808a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5922a3.htm?s_cid=mm5922a3_w

…and more — 537 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-37db5888`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Related Pages"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1333 instances; 233 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 233 of 3332 scanned pages (1333 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p1122-h5n1-bird-flu.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/where-we-work/lesotho.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/domestic-guidance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/about/community-water-fluoridation-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nvdrs/stories/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heat-health/hcp/heat-and-pregnant-women.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fasd/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-fasd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/divisions-offices/about-dhcpp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sti/php/sti-program-resources/outbreak-preparedness-detection-and-response.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/powassan/hcp/treatment-prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/success-stories/scaling-quality-assurance.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/teen-drivers/prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/lead-prevention/php/scientific-publications/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sti/php/ept-legal-status/oklahoma.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhcs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/hcp/clinical-resources/outpatient-care.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/centers/productive-aging.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/meningococcal/hcp/vaccine-recommendations/index.html

…and more — 233 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html

---

## Zooming and scaling must not be disabled (WCAG 1.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2c494ec1`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6c86a43a`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `meta[name="viewport"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.4 — Resize Text (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `meta-viewport` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/meta-viewport?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W31, last seen 2026-W33 (2 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale = 1, minimum-scale = 1, maximum-scale = 1">
```

### Description
Zooming and scaling must not be disabled. Detected by axe-core rule meta-viewport on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html.
2. Locate the element: meta[name="viewport"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule meta-viewport against WCAG 1.4.4 Resize Text.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't disable zoom (user-scalable=no / maximum-scale=1); low-vision users need to zoom.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/meta-viewport?application=axeAPI

---

## lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-dc600ade`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-dd1c019f`  
**URL:** https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.2 — Language of Parts (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `valid-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 2 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a lang="__" class="cdc-block-link" href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/12/how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjobal-poster.pdf" aria-label="Download" download="how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjob
```

### Description
lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html.
2. Locate the element: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/communication-resources/wash-your-hands-poster.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/communication-resources/wash-your-hands-poster.html

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9c83bef6`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "
					Here's how you know
					"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 20161 instances; 646 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 646 of 3332 scanned pages (20161 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "
					Here's how you know
					"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2006.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/data-vis-vac
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p1122-h5n1-bird-flu.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/where-we-work/lesotho.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/import-permit-program/php/faq/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7008a5.htm?s_cid=mm7008a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/domestic-guidance/index.html

…and more — 646 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0da32f50`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 12407 instances; 277 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 277 of 3332 scanned pages (12407 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0435a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-136/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-116sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2009-105/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm

…and more — 277 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f519d515`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 77297 instances; 234 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 234 of 3332 scanned pages (77297 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0435a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm

…and more — 234 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d7a07ef3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 21 instances; 3 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 3 of 3332 scanned pages (21 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Community_Engagement.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Combating_Racism_Through_Research.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Community_Engagement.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/collections/Combating_Racism_Through_Research.htm

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-496a1e92`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 23373 instances; 749 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 749 of 3332 scanned pages (23373 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2006.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/data-vis-vac
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm

…and more — 749 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c501f6a5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[width="5"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 24541 instances; 3029 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/nav01.gif" border="0" width="5" height="2" alt="Skip Navigation Links">
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 3029 of 3332 scanned pages (24541 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[width="5"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/hcp/self-management/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6519a5.htm?s_cid=mm6519a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/sources-definitions/cause-of-death-ranking.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer-hereditary/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6547a1.htm?s_cid=mm6547a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-health/observances/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/nhcs.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/about/speakers/request-director.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pedestrian-bike-safety/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/about-mosquito-bites/ciclo-de-vida-de-los-mosquitos-culex.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/home.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/std-prevention.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm

…and more — 3029 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1bf454ab`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 142 instances; 142 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="插入電子郵件" value="插入電子郵件" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 142 of 3332 scanned pages (142 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0025_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0122_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0051_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0153_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0034_zhs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0189_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0076_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0226_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0094.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0191_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0077.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/09_0234_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0051_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0076.htm

…and more — 142 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label-title-only.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm

---

## ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c53236e3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa724f90`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition  
**XPath / selector:** `#contentwarningindex`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-dialog-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 10 instances; 5 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W33 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="modal fade show" id="contentwarningindex" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="contentwarningindexLabel" aria-modal="true" style="display: block;">
```

### Description
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (10 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition.
2. Locate the element: #contentwarningindex
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/covid19/ltc-report-overview.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/interest_ya.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/treatment.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/members.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/covid19/ltc-report-overview.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/interest_ya.html

---

## Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7361031e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7430f84c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#playImage`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `tabindex` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div id="playImage" tabindex="9999" role="button" aria-label="play" onkeydown="cp.CPPlayButtonHandle(event)" onclick="cp.movie.play()" style="position: absolute; display: block; vertical-align: middle
```

### Description
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #playImage
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1b9e3162`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 911 instances; 895 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 895 of 3332 scanned pages (911 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/hcp/self-management/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/about/speakers/request-director.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pedestrian-bike-safety/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/about-mosquito-bites/ciclo-de-vida-de-los-mosquitos-culex.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/secondhand-smoke/home.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/priorities/std-prevention.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/early-care-education/php/state-childcare-licensing/state-licensing-scorecards.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health-protection/php/campaigns-and-awareness/world-field-epidemiology-day.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/about/acerca-de-la-diabetes-tipo-2.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/JYNNEOS-orthopoxvirus-booster-2yrs-etr.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/lead/prevention/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthy-youth/lgbtq-youth/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ehe/php/about/funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/mening-risk-etr.html

…and more — 895 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/hcp/self-management/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9731934b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1233 instances; 874 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3>References </h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 874 of 3332 scanned pages (1233 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6519a5.htm?s_cid=mm6519a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6547a1.htm?s_cid=mm6547a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-health/observances/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/asian/vietnamese/rico.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket071.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/improving-cause-of-death-reporting.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7049a2.htm?s_cid=mm7049a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6515a4.htm?s_cid=mm6515a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/method-t.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017507.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7236a5.htm?s_cid=mm7236a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/ss/ss7105a1.htm?s_cid=ss7105a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6509a2.htm?s_cid=mm6509a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7235a7.htm?s_cid=mm7235a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm

…and more — 874 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6519a5.htm?s_cid=mm6519a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-30ac8921`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 752 instances; 752 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 752 of 3332 scanned pages (752 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm?s_cid=mm6434a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6001a14.htm?s_cid=su6001a14_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm?s_cid=mm6035a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a4.htm?s_cid=mm6126a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6140a4.htm?s_cid=mm6140a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5920a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017507.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6041a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm

…and more — 752 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1c701162`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 188 instances; 188 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 188 of 3332 scanned pages (188 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV15-PPSV23-risk-based-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/hcp/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/PCV13.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer-hereditary/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/spanish/MediosdeComunicacion
- http://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/ophdst/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/pregnant-women-apr2022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/cervical/index.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth
- http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/sickle-cell-anemia/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/lead/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/datasources/nvdrs/dataaccess.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/comec/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/hcp-ips-nov2017.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/blastomycosis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/lung
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/TIM.html

…and more — 188 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV15-PPSV23-risk-based-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/dengue/hcp/index.html

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5dd165d0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#cdc-search"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19 instances; 19 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="visually-hidden-focusable" href="#cdc-search">Skip directly to search</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 19 of 3332 scanned pages (19 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#cdc-search"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm%20
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0037_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0301_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/12_0005_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0296_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0131_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/psc/hospital-respiratory-reporting.html.
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0100_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0163_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0087_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/surveillance/surveillance-data-strategies/dmi-investments.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0325_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/acip-list.htm.
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1907.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0089a_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5a345d8b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.main\|quaternary`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 315 instances; 14 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td class="main|quaternary" style="width: 20%; height: 47px;" scope="row">
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 14 of 3332 scanned pages (315 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html.
2. Locate the element: .main\|quaternary
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0407.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0469.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/16_0247.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-25.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-child-17-18/obesity-child.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0576.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/m-keystat.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/covid-19-moderna-pfizer-children-vaccine-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week02.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0273.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/18_0410.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/mpinc/regional-report.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week01.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0407.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/16_0469.htm

---

## Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4316231f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-30db094d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.pt-2`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-banner-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W27, last seen 2026-W33 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header role="banner" aria-label="Header" class="pt-2 pb-2">
```

### Description
Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-banner-is-top-level on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .pt-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-banner-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Put the banner landmark (<header>) at the top level, not nested inside another landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

---

## Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ca5a0040`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-054101da`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#page_banner`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-banner` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header id="page_banner" role="banner" aria-label="Banner">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one banner landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #page_banner
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1bc225a7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html  
**XPath / selector:** `img[role="presentation"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 196 instances; 178 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/niosh/docs/2008-118/images/cover.png" alt="First Responders: Encourage Your Workers to Report Bloodborne Pathogen Exposures" role="presentation">
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 178 of 3332 scanned pages (196 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html.
2. Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-154
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2020-106
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/hcp/numbered/2013-138sp.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/hcp/clinical-guidance/malaria-treatment-tables.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/communication-resources/side-effects.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2016-116sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-114
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1449.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-136/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-116sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-126/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2009-105/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2001-123
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-128/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2013-115.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/sickle-cell-anemia/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2017-126sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/99-107
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/83-112
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2021-111
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-131

…and more — 178 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-role.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2011-154

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8463638c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.text-center[rowspan="2"]:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 194 instances; 60 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th class="text-center" rowspan="2"></th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 60 of 3332 scanned pages (194 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html.
2. Locate the element: .text-center[rowspan="2"]:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/nhcs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/03/table3-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/17_0411.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-youth/data-statistics/summary-of-surveillance-activities.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/where-we-work/central-america.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5847md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/newsletter/2020/july/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6009md.htm?s_cid=mm6009md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7148a2.htm?s_cid=mm7148a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-25.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6001a1.htm?s_cid=ss6001a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a4.htm?s_cid=mm5935a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6049md.htm?s_cid=mm6049md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5808a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table3-1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6619a1.htm?s_cid=ss6619a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/obesity-adult-17-18/obesity-adult.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6011a4.htm?s_cid=mm6011a4_w

…and more — 60 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-table-header.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/nhcs.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5b7d5460`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(25)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 7 instances; 7 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3>
      </h3>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 7 of 3332 scanned pages (7 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(25)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5705a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5545a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5421a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/10_0245_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-32dc7425`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `img[height="778"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 5 instances; 4 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img height="778" alt="Table 6" src="figures/s210a1t6a.gif" width="681">
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 4 of 3332 scanned pages (5 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: img[height="778"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html

---

## Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-17b78116`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-234b2c77`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization  
**XPath / selector:** `table[aria-labelledby="natality_data_dashboard_label"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `table-duplicate-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table aria-labelledby="natality_data_dashboard_label" summary="Natality Data Dashboards" class="tabletabs table">
```

### Description
Tables should not have the same summary and caption. Detected by axe-core rule table-duplicate-name on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization.
2. Locate the element: table[aria-labelledby="natality_data_dashboard_label"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule table-duplicate-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c8c18a64`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Skip directly to search"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 8159 instances; 551 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 551 of 3332 scanned pages (8159 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/state2006.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/data-vis-vac
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p1122-h5n1-bird-flu.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/where-we-work/lesotho.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/import-permit-program/php/faq/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7008a5.htm?s_cid=mm7008a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/domestic-guidance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/about/community-water-fluoridation-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nvdrs/stories/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heat-health/hcp/heat-and-pregnant-women.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-106

…and more — 551 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bff6cb77`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 419 instances; 396 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 396 of 3332 scanned pages (419 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vector-borne-diseases/about/a-z-index-of-vector-borne-diseases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-133
- https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/data-vis-vac
- https://www.cdc.gov/restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/p1122-h5n1-bird-flu.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/where-we-work/lesotho.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/import-permit-program/php/faq/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/domestic-guidance/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/about/community-water-fluoridation-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nvdrs/stories/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heat-health/hcp/heat-and-pregnant-women.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/81-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/fasd/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-fasd.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/divisions-offices/about-dhcpp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-136/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-116sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm

…and more — 396 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b83a0101`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 331 instances; 229 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 229 of 3332 scanned pages (331 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2019/19_0110.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/avian-timeline/2000-2009.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7043a4.htm?s_cid=mm7043a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7435a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7313a3.htm?s_cid=mm7313a3_w

…and more — 229 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-06de3326`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 175 instances; 175 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 175 of 3332 scanned pages (175 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016764.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001803.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4945a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001362.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056970.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001789.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048551.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/nov/05_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0006_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0063.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001372.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5024md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5823a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5833a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a3.htm?s_cid=mm6126a3_w

…and more — 175 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c7bd959a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 91 instances; 91 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 91 of 3332 scanned pages (91 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhhcs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/fluvaxview/pregnant-women-apr2022.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6418a8.htm?s_cid=mm6418a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/disasters/winter/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth
- https://www.cdc.gov/comec/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6335a7.htm?s_cid=mm6335a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a3.htm?s_cid=mm6126a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm?s_cid=mm6028md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/blastomycosis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6320a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6238a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6120a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/JYNNEOS-orthopoxvirus-primary-hcp-etr.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6037a3.htm?s_cid=mm6037a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/NCHSTP/OD/tuskegee/clintonp.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6308a2.htm?s_cid=mm6308a2_w

…and more — 91 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm?s_cid=mm6317a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7b22a967`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `body`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 18963 instances; 84 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" background="../../../images/bkgnd.gif" class=" dmat-load-complete">

<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../../
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 84 of 3332 scanned pages (18963 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: body
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0435a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5211a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/healthy-youth/data-statistics/summary-of-surveillance-activities.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0189_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018854.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045648.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0226_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0141_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6846a5.htm?s_cid=mm6846a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055784.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015421.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4919a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0122_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001825.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2021/20_0584.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/72/wr/mm7203a2.htm?s_cid=mm7203a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6948a3.htm?s_cid=mm6948a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm675152a2.htm

…and more — 84 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0435a.htm

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-101e6e27`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<h5>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 65 instances; 50 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 50 of 3332 scanned pages (65 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w.
2. Locate the element: <h5>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10514
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/centers/productive-aging.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/success-stories/data-in-india.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/forecast-outbreak-analytics/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket134B.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm?s_cid=rr5908a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/php/drug-free-communities/east-providence.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6619a1.htm?s_cid=ss6619a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10110
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6512a1.htm?s_cid=mm6512a1_e
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/90040.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537a9.htm?s_cid=mm6537a9_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5705a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docket/archive/docket229I.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6932a6.htm?s_cid=mm6932a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10241
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/76131.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0277e.htm

…and more — 50 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10514

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-19aa08aa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 380 instances; 47 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Weekly</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 47 of 3332 scanned pages (380 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5211a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5942a1.htm?s_cid=mm5942a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018854.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6126a3.htm?s_cid=mm6126a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045648.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055784.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015421.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4919a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss6208a1.htm?s_cid=ss6208a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6039a9.htm?s_cid=mm6039a9_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001825.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6051a3.htm?s_cid=mm6051a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055794.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050868.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4835md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030918.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6149a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049509.htm

…and more — 47 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5211a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5942a1.htm?s_cid=mm5942a1_w

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-03253d29`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 64 instances; 33 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Note:</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 33 of 3332 scanned pages (64 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5211a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018854.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00045648.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001966.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055784.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015421.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4919a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017725.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001825.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055794.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050868.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4835md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030918.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049509.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4823a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5050a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049255.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5401a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056796.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001963.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000337.htm

…and more — 33 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__big-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049839.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5211a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-da30aedd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 51 instances; 18 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 18 of 3332 scanned pages (51 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054266.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056589.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031803.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046636.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055604.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00031948.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047760.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056494.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055783.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00035381.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00030635.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4851md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048786.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051359.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c4548f30`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 38 instances; 17 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 17 of 3332 scanned pages (38 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0189_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0226_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0141_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/toc.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0122_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/sep/10_0182.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0151.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/mar/09_0037_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/suicide/rates_1999_2017.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0156.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0055_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0067_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0170_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0223.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0140_zhs.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0189_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0226_es.htm

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-eb73ba2b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11 instances; 11 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 11 of 3332 scanned pages (11 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0277e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0224a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0289.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/ind1998_ss.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0131_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indss_2000.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0183a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0071.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm

---

## Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-76461f92`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c461a167`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="8">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r54` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 3 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### Description
Assertive live region is marked as atomic. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r54 on 3 of 3332 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="8">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r54.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-5.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-5.html

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-49545765`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth  
**XPath / selector:** `<div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-small" id="DFESliderGVeSf7h6Ni" data-loop="true" data-responsive="{"0":"1","991":"3.5"}">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 weeks)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 3 of 3332 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth.
2. Locate the element: <div class="cdc-slider cdc-slider--layout-small" id="DFESliderGVeSf7h6Ni" data-loop="true" data-responsive="{"0":"1","991":"3.5"}">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/centers/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth
- https://www.cdc.gov/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/injury-icrc/php/centers/index.html

---

## Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-cf008504`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7fbb8b20`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r59` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (8 weeks)

### Description
Element with orientation is not locked. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r59 on 3 of 3332 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r59.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6543md.htm?s_cid=mm6543md_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm?s_cid=mm6504md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6543md.htm?s_cid=mm6543md_w

---

## First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8c515154`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-aa242c2d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r87` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (8 weeks)

### Description
First focusable element is link to main content. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r87 on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r87.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87

---

## Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-38b471d8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4c341c77`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00512.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<p class="disclaimer">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r85` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 weeks)

### Description
Keyboard trap does not exist. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r85 on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00512.html.
2. Locate the element: <p class="disclaimer">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r85.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/han/2024/han00512.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r85

---

## Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b4507e5f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a84da368`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5606a1.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `blink-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3332 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
</blink>
```

### Description
Obsolete <blink> element. Detected by deprecated-html rule blink-element on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5606a1.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule blink-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5606a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.