# Accessibility bug reports — www.cdc.gov, week 2026-W36

79 issue type(s) from 3331 pages scanned. Generated 2026-09-05 by [vital-scans](https://github.com/mgifford/vital-core), following [accessibility bug-reporting best practices](https://mgifford.github.io/ACCESSIBILITY.md/examples/ACCESSIBILITY_BUG_REPORTING_BEST_PRACTICES.html).

> Automated checks find roughly a third of accessibility barriers. Fields marked "requires manual testing" cannot be observed by an automated scan and need a human with assistive technology.

---
## Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-94ae261b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-179ad9b3`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.8 — Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r113` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2804 instances; 268 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 268 of 3331 scanned pages (2804 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10151
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5834a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10581
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.5.htm

…and more — 268 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r113.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm

---

## Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-c772ba06`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7dba940`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/php/about/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Networks">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.3 — Label in Name (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r14` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 148 instances; 81 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 81 of 3331 scanned pages (148 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/php/about/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory Networks">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Without speech** (0.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/communication-resources/vlog-preventing-cronobacter-in-infants.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-service-guidelines-toolkit/php/monitor-evaluate/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/public-health-gateway/php/funding/national-partners-cooperative-agreement.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/php/surveillance/surveillance.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/treatment/opioid-use-disorder.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/director-letters/2026-hepatitis-awareness.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/colorectal-cancer/es/stories/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/media/es/releases/2026/2026-declaracion-sobre-el-crucero-m-v-hondius.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/manage-treat-pain/reduce-risks.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/hcp/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/testing/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-virus-del-zika.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/think-test-treat-tb/communication-resources/poster.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/es/digital-online-checklist/3-years.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/es/data-research/paises-o-regiones-con-riesgo-de-ciclosporosis.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2015-103sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/budget/congressional-justification
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer-survivors/es/patients/side-effects-of-treatment.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/act-early/resources/home-visiting-programs-primer.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/acip-recs/hcp/vaccine-specific/meningococcal.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/php/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/es/about/acerca-de-las-mujeres-y-los-accidentes-cerebrovasculares.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/es/healthy-eating/como-identificar-azucares-ocultos-en-los-alimentos-cotidianos.html

…and more — 81 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r14.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/communication-resources/vlog-preventing-cronobacter-in-infants.html

---

## Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6ff36578`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9074b4dd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 6773 instances; 603 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">
```

### Description
Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 603 of 3331 scanned pages (6773 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsYouthCohortUpdate_20251218.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015641.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4935a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5739a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000375.htm

…and more — 603 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__image-alt.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm

---

## <object> elements must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f73ca2f7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f5a62bfa`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/consequences.html  
**XPath / selector:** `object`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `object-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/object-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W36, last seen 2026-W36 (1 week)

### HTML snippet
```html
<object data="/obesity/media/images/2026/07/Effects-of-Obesity-SVG.svg" width="150" alt="Outline of female body with the health effects of obesity listed along the body from the top of the head to the
```

### Description
<object> elements must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule object-alt on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/consequences.html.
2. Locate the element: object
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule object-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/consequences.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give <object> elements alternative text describing their content.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/object-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/php/about/consequences.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/basics/consequences.html

---

## Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-14a006ef`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a24eaa8c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.1.1 — Non-text Content (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r2` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1662 instances; 150 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 150 of 3331 scanned pages (1662 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018000.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/05_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4808a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0007.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0065_zht.htm

…and more — 150 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r2.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm

---

## Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-df8bc071`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9429bb8d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/functional-limitations.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-content-table`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-children` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (11 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-content-table header-column" role="table" aria-label="table">
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/functional-limitations.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-content-table
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health-data/case-definitions/functional-limitations.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

---

## Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d3b11dae`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f6d344d5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `div[data-post-id="10732"] > .p-0.bg-transparent.card-body > h4`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-required-parent` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W36 (5 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h4 class="ui-accordion-header ui-helper-reset  ui-corner-top" tabindex="0" role="tab" aria-expanded="true">One-Host Ixodid Tick Life Cycle</h4>
```

### Description
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-parent on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html.
2. Locate the element: div[data-post-id="10732"] > .p-0.bg-transparent.card-body > h4
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-parent against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/dpdx/ticks/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Place this ARIA role inside its required parent role (e.g. an option must be inside a listbox).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI

---

## Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d664cef2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-07ba3b17`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table7_LLCP.html  
**XPath / selector:** `table`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `td-headers-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 35 instances; 29 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" class="opt-in table table-bordered">
```

### Description
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 29 of 3331 scanned pages (35 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table7_LLCP.html.
2. Locate the element: table
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table7_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-older-adults.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table4b_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table11a.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/protein-subunit-rsv-vaccines-older-adults.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table2.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table2.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table12.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mening-vac-hiv.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2009/prevalence_tables/table8a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-13-rotavirus.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table8b.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table5b.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/covid-19-pfizer-biontech-vaccine.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table8a_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-schedules/child-easyread.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/tbe-travel-lab.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2009/prevalence_tables/table5a.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2017/multiple_year/acbs_prevalence_15-17_table1.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat119.htm

…and more — 29 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__td-headers-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table7_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-older-adults.html

---

## <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a5207164`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a0bdbdf6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `td[width="100%"][valign="top"] > ol[type="1"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `list` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 35 instances; 23 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<ol type="1">
```

### Description
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 23 of 3331 scanned pages (35 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: td[width="100%"][valign="top"] > ol[type="1"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038469.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00033015.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4807a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-03.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5539a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016322.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6019a5_addinfo.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00019832.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001769.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016079.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-09.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/summary-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00019792.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032773.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018752.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001208.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001835.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00017451.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001860.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00046679.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm

---

## <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-178f8027`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-6175596b`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/about/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > li:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `listitem` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 32 instances; 5 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<li><a href="/physical-activity-basics/guidelines/children.html" class="">Recommendations</a></li>
```

### Description
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 5 of 3331 scanned pages (32 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/about/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[data-col="2"][role="cell"] > li:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5215a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/budget-funding/policy-as-public-health-intervention-hiv-viral-hepatitis-stds-tb.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/summary-recommendations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/fluoroscopy.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/physical-activity-basics/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5215a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/budget-funding/policy-as-public-health-intervention-hiv-viral-hepatitis-stds-tb.html

---

## Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-85f49df9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d6097011`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about  
**XPath / selector:** `<ul>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r68` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 831 instances; 81 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 81 of 3331 scanned pages (831 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about.
2. Locate the element: <ul>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/food-service-guidelines-toolkit/php/monitor-evaluate/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-immunization/stories/polio-response-in-mozambique.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/phep/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/communication-resources/press-releases.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/ccqder/technology-products/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/php/usaaw-partner-toolkit/graphics-videos.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/risk-factors
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/health_effects/pregnancy
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0316e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0018.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/overdose-prevention/manage-treat-pain/reduce-risks.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/about/foot-hygiene.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/zika/es/testing/pruebas-de-deteccion-del-virus-del-zika.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/es/data-research/paises-o-regiones-con-riesgo-de-ciclosporosis.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/php/case-reporting/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/ncezid/divisions-offices/about-didri.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/stories/robert-manninos-story.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/acip-recs/hcp/vaccine-specific/meningococcal.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html

…and more — 81 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r68.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm

---

## Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2d2125d0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4408605e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<th class="left" valign="top" colspan="1" align="left">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r46` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 219 instances; 13 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### Description
Element has required aria-owns. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r46 on 13 of 3331 scanned pages (219 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm.
2. Locate the element: <th class="left" valign="top" colspan="1" align="left">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r46 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0050.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/breast-cervical-cancer-screening/about/screenings.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcancer%2Fnbccedp%2Fscreenings.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table12.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/07/table2-2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table8b.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table8a_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat119.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0198.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/08/table2-1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r46

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html

---

## Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6394d446`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f067795`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<td scope="row" class="infrequent-end-table-title" colspan="16">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r77` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3200 instances; 10 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Table cell has header. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r77 on 10 of 3331 scanned pages (3200 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w.
2. Locate the element: <td scope="row" class="infrequent-end-table-title" colspan="16">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r77 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table5-1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0050.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-42.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-35.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-14.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/nengapdxe.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-31.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/GSK-Adjuvanted-RSVPreF3-adults-etr.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r77

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table5-1.htm

---

## aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4f102f70`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-9207ed51`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html  
**XPath / selector:** `@headers="CurrentCI row5 "`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r45` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1630 instances; 8 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (11 weeks)

### Description
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r45 on 8 of 3331 scanned pages (1630 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html.
2. Locate the element: @headers="CurrentCI row5 "
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r45 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/protein-subunit-rsv-vaccines-older-adults.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table12.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table8b.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table8a_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3b.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/hestat119.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r45

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table3a_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2018/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/protein-subunit-rsv-vaccines-older-adults.html

---

## Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-78fc0eab`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3c632d31`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r64` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 4 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 4 of 3331 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm

---

## Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-9c4498a8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33b49e3b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<th id="t4r6a" headers="t4c2 t4r5 t4r6">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.3.1 — Info and Relationships (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r76` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 31 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W36 (7 weeks)

### Description
Info and Relationships. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r76 on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (31 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html.
2. Locate the element: <th id="t4r6a" headers="t4c2 t4r5 t4r6">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r76 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table5-1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r76

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table5-1.htm

---

## Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-15247525`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8ade3360`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.all-pages`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-in-text-block` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 160 instances; 81 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>
```

### Description
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 81 of 3331 scanned pages (160 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html.
2. Locate the element: .all-pages
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/catheter-associated-utis/updates.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/iis/core-data-elements/immunizations.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-b/table-2.2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/introduction.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/storage-handling/inventory.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/disinfection-sterilization/regulatory-framework-disinfectants-sterilants.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/basics/transmission-based-precautions.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/impactwellbeingguide/action-6.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-b/table-2-3.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/appendix-c.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/norovirus-guidelines/abbreviations.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-b/table-2-8.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/healthcare/impactwellbeingguide/action-6.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/infectioncontrol/guidelines/isolation/appendix/type-duration-precautions.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-a/figure-1-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/isolation-precautions/glossary.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/table-1-4.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia-community-counts/php/data-research/2024-march-von-willebrand-disease-vwd.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/appendix/table-5.1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/abbreviations-and-acronyms.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/grants/applying/review-process.html

…and more — 81 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-in-text-block.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm

---

## Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-a8699561`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-efd91fdd`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5944a5.htm?s_cid=mm5944a5_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.1 — Use of Color (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r62` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### Description
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r62 on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5944a5.htm?s_cid=mm5944a5_w.
2. Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r62 against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

### Impact
Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5944a5.htm?s_cid=mm5944a5_w

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make links visually distinguishable from surrounding text (not by color alone).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r62

---

## Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0aa78545`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c613c153`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.dataTables_scrollBody`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.1.1 — Keyboard (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scrollable-region-focusable` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 94 instances; 43 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="dataTables_scrollBody" style="position: relative; overflow: auto; max-height: 400px; width: 100%;">
```

### Description
Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 43 of 3331 scanned pages (94 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html.
2. Locate the element: .dataTables_scrollBody
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)
- **Limited reach** (2.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-older-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-b/table-2-3.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hemophilia-community-counts/php/data-research/2024-march-von-willebrand-disease-vwd.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/protein-subunit-rsv-vaccines-older-adults.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/appendix/table-5.1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-03.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/hep-a-hiv.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-22-laboratory-support.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fpubs%2Fsurv-manual%2Fchpt22-lab-support.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-42.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/PCV20-child-risk-based.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mening-vac-hiv.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-42.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-09.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-13-rotavirus.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-b/table-2.4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-43.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/PCV21-adults-19-and-older.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nssp/php/data-quality/whats-a-nicc-1.html

…and more — 43 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__scrollable-region-focusable.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV20-age-based.html

---

## <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e29c3e1c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4b45acfe`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.2.2 — Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `blink` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 16 instances; 12 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 12 of 3331 scanned pages (16 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4843a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5413a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4807a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5620a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5612a7.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5005a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5611a8.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4903a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4905a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5626a5.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4843a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5413a1.htm

---

## Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation (WCAG 2.4.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-bd5cfff3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c80d5faa`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/manuals/2e2021vol3.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.2 — Page Titled (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `document-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (8 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html xmlns:v="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:dt="uuid:C2F41010-65B3-11d1-A29F-00AA00C14882" xml
```

### Description
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation. Detected by axe-core rule document-title on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/manuals/2e2021vol3.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule document-title against WCAG 2.4.2 Page Titled.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/manuals/2e2021vol3.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the page a unique, descriptive <title>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI

---

## Active <area> elements must have alternative text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-056b8f48`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4e469a59`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0131.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `area[onmouseover="stm(Text[1],Style[1])"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `area-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/area-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 12 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W36 (3 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<area onmouseover="stm(Text[1],Style[1])" onmouseout="htm()" shape="polygon" href="#" target="_self" coords="290,76,243,67,243,45,336,45,336,67">
```

### Description
Active <area> elements must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule area-alt on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (12 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0131.htm.
2. Locate the element: area[onmouseover="stm(Text[1],Style[1])"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule area-alt against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0131.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0081.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/area-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0131.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0081.htm

---

## Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-8532c1a2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e9fe47ac`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147  
**XPath / selector:** `.no-decoration`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `link-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 798 instances; 232 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a href="/niosh/docs/97-147/pdfs/97-147.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="no-decoration">
```

### Description
Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 232 of 3331 scanned pages (798 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147.
2. Locate the element: .no-decoration
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10307
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0115.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0233_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0045_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10151
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0150_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2016/15_0357.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/EW2F4D60.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0252_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0069.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0133_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0070_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/SA72D288.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm

…and more — 232 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__link-name.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm

---

## Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4)

**Bug ID:** `VS-07ad477a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-28ebd979`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="/niosh/docs/97-147/pdfs/97-147.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="no-decoration">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.4.4 — Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r11` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 189 instances; 62 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 62 of 3331 scanned pages (189 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147.
2. Locate the element: <a href="/niosh/docs/97-147/pdfs/97-147.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="no-decoration">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10151
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/05_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0007.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0065_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/es/data-research/paises-o-regiones-con-riesgo-de-ciclosporosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0001.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0030.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0205_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0050.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0177_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0117_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2023-106.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh-rtecs/KJ32BC48.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2020-127
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jan/10_0238_es.htm

…and more — 62 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r11.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm

---

## <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b74b6e3a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c126b6a6`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `html-has-lang` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 595 instances; 595 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html>
```

### Description
<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 595 of 3331 scanned pages (595 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015641.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4935a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5739a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000375.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm

…and more — 595 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__html-has-lang.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm

---

## Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1)

**Bug ID:** `VS-802b904b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7a0e5645`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<html>`  
**WCAG SC:** 3.1.1 — Language of Page (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r4` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 145 instances; 145 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 145 of 3331 scanned pages (145 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <html>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability** (11.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018000.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/05_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4808a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0007.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0065_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5351a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148.htm

…and more — 145 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r4.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm

---

## Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-76d92cee`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fafffee0`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#searchBox`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 174 instances; 173 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">
```

### Description
Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 173 of 3331 scanned pages (174 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w.
2. Locate the element: #searchBox
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6448md.htm?s_cid=mm6448md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6033a3.htm?s_cid=mm6033a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6333a4.htm?s_cid=mm6333a4_e
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6442a7.htm?s_cid=mm6442a7_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6438a3.htm?s_cid=mm6438a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6338a1.htm?s_cid=mm6338a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6213a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6026a6.htm?s_cid=mm6026a6_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6233a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm?s_cid=mm6128a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a4.htm?s_cid=mm6339a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6431a5.htm?s_cid=mm6431a5_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5909a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6336a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339md.htm?s_cid=mm6339md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6435a4.htm?s_cid=mm6435a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/indrr_2003.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6447a4.htm?s_cid=mm6447a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6445a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=

…and more — 173 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6448md.htm?s_cid=mm6448md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a2.htm

---

## Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-947e4a1c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fab92378`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#target`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `select-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 7 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<select id="target" name="countries">
```

### Description
Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 7 of 3331 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html.
2. Locate the element: #target
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a4.htm?s_cid=mm6339a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6341a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?population=Children+and+adolescents
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/calendar/2024_schedule.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm?subject=Births
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a4.htm?s_cid=mm6339a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6341a3.htm

---

## Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-24a2547b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e7298c00`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#search__icon`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `button-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Critical  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W36 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>
```

### Description
Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #search__icon
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/globalhiv/vitalsigns.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/about/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/globalhiv/vitalsigns.html

---

## Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2c674e9a`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3f76c7ea`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/cara.html  
**XPath / selector:** `iframe[allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `frame-title` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 40 instances; 28 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/TL1hZ9RB5E0?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.
```

### Description
Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 28 of 3331 scanned pages (40 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/cara.html.
2. Locate the element: iframe[allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/cara.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-ndwp/audio-video/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/about/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/es/resources/video-la-vacunacion-durante-el-embarazo-le-pasa-la-proteccion-al-bebe.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/intimate-partner-violence/risk-factors
- https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/stories/wastewater-testing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb/php/genotyping/analytic-tools.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-2-3.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/thalassemia/stories/robert-manninos-story.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-health-protection/php/stories-from-the-field/tanzanias-heroic-response-to-marburg-virus-outbreak.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/violence-prevention/php/cardiff-model/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/natural-disasters/psa-toolkit/protect-yourself-after-a-volcanic-eruption.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/gynecologic-cancer.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/cancer-prevention-starts-in-childhood.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/es/features/gynecologic-cancer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/biomonitoring/about/biomonitoring-learn-more.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/tb-healthcare-settings/hcp/screening-testing/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/communication-resources/c-auris.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/safety/lo-que-puede-hacer-para-detectar-fentanilo.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/stopoverdose/fentanyl/fentanyl-test-strips.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/features/cancer-survivors.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/caring/la-naloxona-y-su-poder-de-salvar-vidas.html

…and more — 28 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__frame-title.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/cara.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes-ndwp/audio-video/index.html

---

## ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ce5f1a90`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-5c82bd60`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-command-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 122 instances; 12 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi
```

### Description
ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 12 of 3331 scanned pages (122 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm.
2. Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-c/figure-3.7.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/monocytogenes-06-22/timeline.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/lung-cancer-types.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/kidney-disease/es/php/data-research/enfermedad-cronica-de-los-rinones-en-los-estados-unidos-2023.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2021/hepatitis-a/figure-1-6.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-c/figure-3.6.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/united-states-cancer-statistics/publications/colorectal-cancer-stat-bite.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2024/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/figure-1.4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2020surveillance/hepatitis-c/figure-3.7.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/listeria/outbreaks/monocytogenes-06-22/timeline.html

---

## Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ab668554`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-58301a87`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/cuidadores.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#acc-header-2`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `nested-interactive` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 14 instances; 6 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f
```

### Description
Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 6 of 3331 scanned pages (14 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/cuidadores.html.
2. Locate the element: #acc-header-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/cuidadores.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/burden-toolkit/state-burden-toolkit-mortality.html?cove-tab=3
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/burden-toolkit/state-burden-toolkit-health-burden.html?cove-tab=1
- https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/releasemgt/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/asiaticoamericanos.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/cuidadores.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/burden-toolkit/state-burden-toolkit-mortality.html?cove-tab=3
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194

---

## Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-123126f9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-ebb1c464`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194  
**XPath / selector:** `#UNIQUE27403686429c066f58`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-prohibited-attr` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W36 (9 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE27403686429c066f58" aria-label="Carousel">
```

### Description
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194.
2. Locate the element: #UNIQUE27403686429c066f58
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-treatment/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0194

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

---

## Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-33b17917`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a48e6078`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r8` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 71 instances; 47 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 47 of 3331 scanned pages (71 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w.
2. Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm?s_cid=mm6128a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6336a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6447a4.htm?s_cid=mm6447a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6445a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6316a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5908a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5938a2.htm?s_cid=mm5938a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/act-early/es/digital-online-checklist/3-years.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6435a8.htm?s_cid=mm6435a8_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a1.htm?s_cid=mm6030a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6442a6.htm?s_cid=mm6442a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6004a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a5.htm?s_cid=mm6008a5_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5948a3.htm?s_cid=mm5948a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6114a3.htm?s_cid=mm6114a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6448a6.htm?s_cid=mm6448a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6437a4.htm?s_cid=mm6437a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6404a11.htm?s_cid=mm6404a11_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6421a1.htm?s_cid=mm6421a1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6004a1.htm?s_cid=rr6004a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6115a7.htm?s_cid=mm6115a7_w

…and more — 47 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r8.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm?s_cid=mm6128a3_w

---

## Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ac803241`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-29f9f921`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<span role="button" class="sort-icon">`  
**WCAG SC:** 4.1.2 — Name, Role, Value (Level A)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r12` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 12 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### Description
Button has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r12 on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (12 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html.
2. Locate the element: <span role="button" class="sort-icon">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r12 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

### Impact
Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).
- **Without vision** (1.0% of population)
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Limited manipulation/strength** (13.0% of population)

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the button an accessible name via text, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r12

---

## Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-4e766972`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-be8d563e`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** axe-core — `color-contrast` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 875 instances; 580 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>
```

### Description
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 580 of 3331 scanned pages (875 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm.
2. Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015641.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4935a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5739a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000375.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5612a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001066.htm

…and more — 580 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__color-contrast.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm

---

## Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3)

**Bug ID:** `VS-11a69900`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f7e99f4b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Previous CRSCI Grant Recipients"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.3 — Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r69` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1266 instances; 220 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 220 of 3331 scanned pages (1266 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html.
2. Locate the element: text: "Previous CRSCI Grant Recipients"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

### Impact
Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).
- **Limited vision** (2.4% of population)
- **Without color perception** (4.5% of population)

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/overseas-guidance
- https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/signs-symptoms/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/data-reporting/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7028a1.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-for-work-other/sex-and-travel.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2011/heat2.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/phin/php/phinms/quick-tips.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/young-workers/charts/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/report-publication/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/global-immunization/stories/polio-response-in-mozambique.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/domestic-guidance/tuberculosis.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cardiovascular-resources/php/medication-adherence/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/state-stats/states/id.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/releases/20260129.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/phep/2021-phep-cooperative-agreement-guidance-budget-period-3.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/mumps.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/listeria/php/surveillance/surveillance.html

…and more — 220 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r69.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html

---

## Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6)

**Bug ID:** `VS-e3e7afc2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-646b1e0b`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "
					Here's how you know
					"`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.6 — Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r66` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 19873 instances; 622 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 622 of 3331 scanned pages (19873 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147.
2. Locate the element: text: "
					Here's how you know
					"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/overseas-guidance
- https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/data-reporting/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7028a1.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html

…and more — 622 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r66.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w

---

## Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-18a4b2a4`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fbf54eba`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r74` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 12898 instances; 293 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 293 of 3331 scanned pages (12898 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2007-156.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-152/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm

…and more — 293 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r74.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about

---

## Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-087b2d99`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2208081b`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r73` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 113831 instances; 250 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 250 of 3331 scanned pages (113831 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5834a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm

…and more — 250 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r73.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm

---

## Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8)

**Bug ID:** `VS-ecff134d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-388b5438`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<p>`  
**WCAG SC:** 1.4.8 — Visual Presentation (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r80` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### Description
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r80 on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html.
2. Locate the element: <p>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r80 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r80

---

## Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5)

**Bug ID:** `VS-caa43316`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-cb53cc4d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<a href="#content_area">`  
**WCAG SC:** 2.5.5 — Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA)  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r111` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 22183 instances; 729 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 729 of 3331 scanned pages (22183 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/overseas-guidance
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/signs-symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm

…and more — 729 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r111.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about

---

## All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b1b40bf0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f18df681`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#homeward`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `region` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 92097 instances; 2955 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<span id="homeward"><a href="https://www.cdc.gov/" title="Return to the CDC Home Page">CDC Home</a></span>
```

### Description
All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 2955 of 3331 scanned pages (92097 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w.
2. Locate the element: #homeward
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthy-youth/get-yourself-tested/schools-support-hiv-testing.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/international-infection-control/php/stories/global-fund-ipc.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/symptoms/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2024/m1122-listeria-outbreak.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/surveillance-guidance/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/hcp/clinicians-evaluating-patients/interim-guidance-follow-up.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-influenza-gripe-con-medicamentos-antivirales.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/museum/exhibits/cancer.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2001-111sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/gynecologic-cancer/es/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/pulmonary-atresia.html

…and more — 2955 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__region.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html

---

## Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-03c63719`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-33841929`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `.smallfield`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `label-title-only` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 159 instances; 159 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insert e-mail" value="Insert e-mail" onfocus="this.value=''">
```

### Description
Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 159 of 3331 scanned pages (159 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm.
2. Locate the element: .smallfield
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/jul/06_0115.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0233_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0045_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0150_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2009/jan/07_0252_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0069.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0023.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0133_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0070_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/05_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2004/apr/03_0018.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0234.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0089.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0069_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0129_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0124.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0007.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0065_zht.htm

…and more — 159 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__label-title-only.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm

---

## Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f75f2d48`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7430f84c`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#content"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `tabindex` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (6 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content" tabindex="1">Ir al contenido del sitio</a>
```

### Description
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#content"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-1b762b97`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa724f90`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `#contentwarningindex`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-dialog-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Serious  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W36 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<div class="modal fade show" id="contentwarningindex" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="contentwarningindexLabel" aria-modal="true" style="display: block;">
```

### Description
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition/index.html.
2. Locate the element: #contentwarningindex
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-51ddcf4d`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d25f622d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `h3:nth-child(11)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `heading-order` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1260 instances; 918 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h3>Editorial Note</h3>
```

### Description
Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 918 of 3331 scanned pages (1260 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: h3:nth-child(11)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015641.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/17_0153.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5739a5.htm

…and more — 918 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__heading-order.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm

---

## Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-5ce98ec8`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-8806389c`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.page-right-rail__static`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-unique` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 885 instances; 856 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">
```

### Description
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 856 of 3331 scanned pages (885 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech
- https://www.cdc.gov/international-infection-control/php/stories/global-fund-ipc.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/symptoms/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/surveillance-guidance/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/hcp/clinicians-evaluating-patients/interim-guidance-follow-up.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/es/treatment/tratamiento-de-la-influenza-gripe-con-medicamentos-antivirales.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/firearm-violence/php/funded-research/current-awardees-rfa-ce-23-005.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/global-hiv-tb/php/data/phia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/gynecologic-cancer/es/prevention/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/heart-defects/about/pulmonary-atresia.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cre/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/c-diff/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/about.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-burden/php/about/faq.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/healthy-people/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/legionella/about/about-pontiac-fever.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/bring-your-brave/stories/cara.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/shigella/about
- http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/about/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycemia.html

…and more — 856 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-unique.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/archive/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/nanotech
- https://www.cdc.gov/international-infection-control/php/stories/global-fund-ipc.html

---

## Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6361fc9f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d5d82446`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w  
**XPath / selector:** `#js`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-one-main` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 811 instances; 811 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" id="js">
```

### Description
Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 811 of 3331 scanned pages (811 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w.
2. Locate the element: #js
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5632a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsYouthCohortUpdate_20251218.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020832.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0179.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015641.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6448md.htm?s_cid=mm6448md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6024a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4935a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0135_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5048a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5121a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/youthcohortauthorization.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm

…and more — 811 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__landmark-one-main.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6419a2.htm?s_cid=mm6419a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018131.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm

---

## Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-346046fd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-fa44f293`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html  
**XPath / selector:** `html`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `page-has-heading-one` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 113 instances; 113 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--content">
```

### Description
Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 113 of 3331 scanned pages (113 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html.
2. Locate the element: html
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/WhoPHL24.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/MediosdeComunicacion
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/EIPConditions24.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537md.htm?s_cid=mm6537md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/ecr/php/index.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/meningitis/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/ILIAge02.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Ftobacco%2Findex.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pneumococcal/es/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2024-2025/data/whoAllregt_cl30.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/twh/es/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv-data/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/skin-cancer/es/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a
- https://www.cdc.gov/newborn-screening?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnewbornscreening%2F
- https://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2025-2026/data/whoAllregt_cl47.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/data-modernization/php/index.html

…and more — 113 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__page-has-heading-one.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/creutzfeldt-jakob/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs

---

## scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-3819d383`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0ba8ce9d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(1) > td[scope="row"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `scope-attr-valid` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 245 instances; 22 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<td scope="row">2023</td>
```

### Description
scope attribute should be used correctly. Detected by axe-core rule scope-attr-valid on 22 of 3331 scanned pages (245 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(1) > td[scope="row"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scope-attr-valid.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2021-2022.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-03.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2024-2025.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-42.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/acip/evidence-to-recommendations/influenza-older-adults-etr.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/brfss/annual_data/2007/summary_matrix_07.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-42.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-10.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-35.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-09.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7107e2.htm?s_cid=mm7107e2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-43.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-23.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-14.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/recs/grade/hepb.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-31.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/yrbs/supplementary-tables/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/flu/es/about/acerca-de-la-influenza.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-a/table-1.2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/surveillance-guidance/info-resources.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scope-attr-valid?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu-vaccines-work/php/effectiveness-studies/2021-2022.html

---

## The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-2835956e`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4edfe386`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet698.html  
**XPath / selector:** `a[href$="#cdc-search"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `skip-link` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 8 instances; 8 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<a class="visually-hidden-focusable" href="#cdc-search">Skip directly to search</a>
```

### Description
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 8 of 3331 scanned pages (8 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet698.html.
2. Locate the element: a[href$="#cdc-search"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet698.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0123_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0244_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0135_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0180_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0088_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2012/11_0093_es.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/mining/works/coversheet698.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2014/14_0123_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0244_es.htm

---

## Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d3f505b9`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-054101da`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/kdss  
**XPath / selector:** `.pt-2`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-banner` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 3 instances; 3 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header role="banner" aria-label="Header" class="pt-2 header-no-bg menu-container">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one banner landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner on 3 of 3331 scanned pages (3 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/kdss.
2. Locate the element: .pt-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/kdss
- http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/kdss
- http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

---

## Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-261ce8ab`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-30db094d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.pt-2`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-banner-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W27, last seen 2026-W36 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<header role="banner" aria-label="Header" class="pt-2 pb-2">
```

### Description
Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-banner-is-top-level on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .pt-2
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-banner-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Put the banner landmark (<header>) at the top level, not nested inside another landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-banner-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

---

## Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-98587acd`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-424cced9`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-footer > footer`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<footer>
```

### Description
Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-footer > footer
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

---

## Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-895181ca`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-b465dfd7`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.cdc-footer`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (4 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<footer class="container cdc-footer noindex" role="contentinfo">
```

### Description
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html.
2. Locate the element: .cdc-footer
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use only one contentinfo landmark (<footer> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo?application=axeAPI

---

## ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d61611be`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-4fac2f41`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html  
**XPath / selector:** `.btn-srch`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `aria-allowed-role` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 151 instances; 140 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<button role="search" type="submit" class="btn-srch" aria-label="Search" style="right: -8px;"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button>
```

### Description
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 140 of 3331 scanned pages (151 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html.
2. Locate the element: .btn-srch
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2001-111sp.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/newsYouthCohortUpdate_20251218.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/youthcohortauthorization.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2012-163.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-140
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2007-156.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-152/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2014-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/niosh/docs/2008-112_sp/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-157
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/mining/works/coversheet1429.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2007-139sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2012-116sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2024-108.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-187
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2011-128sp.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2026-101/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-144
- http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-102
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2022-114

…and more — 140 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__aria-allowed-role.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/designated_representative.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/es/numbered/2001-111sp.html

---

## Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-de745e14`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-d69fc059`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/methods/2022-response-rate.html  
**XPath / selector:** `tr:nth-child(1) > th:nth-child(1)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-table-header` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 476 instances; 74 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<th style="background-color: #88c3ea; width: 272.025px;" scope="col" bgcolor="#e8f5ff"></th>
```

### Description
Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 74 of 3331 scanned pages (476 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/methods/2022-response-rate.html.
2. Locate the element: tr:nth-child(1) > th:nth-child(1)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/methods/2022-response-rate.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-older-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0089.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2012/table4-1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jul/04_0124.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0115.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/07_0148.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5905a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/high-blood-pressure/php/toolkit/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2026-week-03.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0001.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/03/table2-1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/11_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6119md.htm?s_cid=mm6119md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5936a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0050.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/surv-manual/php/table-of-contents/chapter-22-laboratory-support.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fpubs%2Fsurv-manual%2Fchpt22-lab-support.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-42.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6051md.htm?s_cid=mm6051md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/table31.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7437a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/questionnaires/modules/category2014.htm

…and more — 74 pages total ([download CSV](csv/axe-core__empty-table-header.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-profiles/methods/2022-response-rate.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/acip/grade/influenza-older-adults.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2014/table2-2.htm

---

## Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6c7e1ed0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-0066c67d`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html  
**XPath / selector:** `h5:nth-child(6)`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `empty-heading` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 31 instances; 23 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<h5></h5>
```

### Description
Headings should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-heading on 23 of 3331 scanned pages (31 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html.
2. Locate the element: h5:nth-child(6)
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-heading.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5509a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5541a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5318a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7308a3.htm?s_cid=mm7308a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5344a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5237a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5326a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5506a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5140a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5616a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5005a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5617a6.htm
- https://cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5411a5.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5418a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5704a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race/data_documentation.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5403a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5331a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/call_for_papers/ai.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Remove empty headings or give them text. Don't use heading tags for spacing.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-heading?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/default.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5509a1.htm

---

## Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-0c03b38b`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f528778d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html  
**XPath / selector:** `img[alt="Federal Select Agent Program"]`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `image-redundant-alt` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (12 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<img src="/TemplatePackage/4.0/sites/selectagents/assets/imgs/logo.svg" alt="Federal Select Agent Program">
```

### Description
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text. Detected by axe-core rule image-redundant-alt on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html.
2. Locate the element: img[alt="Federal Select Agent Program"]
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-redundant-alt.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-redundant-alt?application=axeAPI

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/sada/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/spanish/index.html

---

## Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b7879d19`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-234b2c77`  
**URL:** https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html  
**XPath / selector:** `table`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** axe-core — `table-duplicate-name` ([reference](https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI))  
**Severity:** Minor  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (7 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<table class="table table-bordered main|gray-l4 nein-scroll" summary="Table 1. Antiviral Medications Recommended for Treatment and Chemoprophylaxis of Influenza">
```

### Description
Tables should not have the same summary and caption. Detected by axe-core rule table-duplicate-name on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html.
2. Locate the element: table
3. Confirm the axe-core finding for rule table-duplicate-name.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html

### Testing environment
Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/table-duplicate-name?application=axeAPI

---

## Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-7d313750`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c18be945`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147  
**XPath / selector:** `text: "Skip directly to search"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r57` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 7974 instances; 529 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 529 of 3331 scanned pages (7974 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147.
2. Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/overseas-guidance
- https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/signs-symptoms/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/data-reporting/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7028a1.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10151
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2007-156.html

…and more — 529 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r57.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w

---

## aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-33fd132f`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e05344b9`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147  
**XPath / selector:** `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r18` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 370 instances; 366 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 366 of 3331 scanned pages (370 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147.
2. Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/readiness/php/data-research/connecticut-funding.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/infrastructure/public-health-systems-emerging-practices/national-public-health-performance-standards.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2017-106
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/immigrant-refugee-health/hcp/overseas-guidance
- https://www.cdc.gov/eastern-equine-encephalitis/signs-symptoms/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/transgender-people.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/typhoid-fever/hcp/clinical-overview/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2016-111
- https://www.cdc.gov/coca/hcp/trainings/patients-long-covid-return-work.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mosquitoes/es/during-an-outbreak/lo-que-usted-puede-hacer-para-controlar-los-mosquitos-durante-un-brote.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/data-reporting/index.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/hcp/numbered/2007-156.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2013-152/default.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/cronobacter/communication-resources/vlog-preventing-cronobacter-in-infants.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/cyclosporiasis/outbreaks/07-26/timeline.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-for-work-other/sex-and-travel.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2011/heat2.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/injury/priorities/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/phin/php/phinms/quick-tips.html

…and more — 366 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r18.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/97-147
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/fatigue/about
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html

---

## Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-fea5b1db`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f054f4a4`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<h3>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r53` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 327 instances; 231 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 231 of 3331 scanned pages (327 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: <h3>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2022/21_0425.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2025/24_0537.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7028a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7108a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db250.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5834a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm

…and more — 231 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r53.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
**How to fix:** Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/71/wr/mm7115a3.htm?s_cid=mm7115a3_w

---

## No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-08cb3cbc`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d033717`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r70` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 177 instances; 177 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 177 of 3331 scanned pages (177 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5504a1.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044106.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0173_fr.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056742.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5019a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00016678.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5144md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00051799.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00037085.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5834a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5624a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054602.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm?s_cid=mm6128a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2011/jul/10_0123.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018000.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/05_0016.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0249_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4808a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6447a4.htm?s_cid=mm6447a4_w

…and more — 177 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r70.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000239.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018168.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm

---

## Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-67e722a7`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-04a9d28c`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `body`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `presentational-attr`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 14425 instances; 91 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" class=" dmat-load-complete">
<!-- report header -->
<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../headers_footers/repo
```

### Description
Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 91 of 3331 scanned pages (14425 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm.
2. Locate the element: body
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2017/17_0153.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7345a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb-surveillance-report-2023/tables/table-5.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table4b_LLCP.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0070_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5045a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049558.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7003a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0130_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5709a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0018.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0164.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5043a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/table25.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7018e1.htm?s_cid=mm7018e1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5030a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2020/20_0264.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015494.htm

…and more — 91 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__presentational-attr.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/14_0535.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm

---

## Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-6d8855cb`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7118fead`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r61` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 78 instances; 78 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 78 of 3331 scanned pages (78 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6422a4.htm?s_cid=mm6422a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040md.htm?s_cid=mm6040md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a3.htm?s_cid=mm6128a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6336a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6447a4.htm?s_cid=mm6447a4_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6445a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=
- http://www.cdc.gov/covid/php/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6316a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/vision-health/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0316e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0018.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation-engineering/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines-children/hcp/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5908a7.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5938a2.htm?s_cid=mm5938a2_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhamcs/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6122a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6435a8.htm?s_cid=mm6435a8_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/es/site.html

…and more — 78 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r61.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance-laboratory-networks/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm

---

## Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-61bab9f3`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-91d2294a`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `font`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `font-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 388 instances; 55 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<font size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, Verdana" color="#FFFFFF"><i><b>Weekly</b></i></font>
```

### Description
Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 55 of 3331 scanned pages (388 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm.
2. Locate the element: font
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6033a3.htm?s_cid=mm6033a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6026a6.htm?s_cid=mm6026a6_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6447a4.htm?s_cid=mm6447a4_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5045a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049558.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6031a1.htm?s_cid=mm6031a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0130_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5709a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5043a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5912a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5030a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015494.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6030a1.htm?s_cid=mm6030a1_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6536e3.htm?s_cid=mm6536e3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014526.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023638.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5001a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6051md.htm?s_cid=mm6051md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5608a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050908.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5301a39.htm

…and more — 55 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__font-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6033a3.htm?s_cid=mm6033a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544md.htm

---

## Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-d3087a52`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-2cd767ca`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w  
**XPath / selector:** `<h5>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r78` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 75 instances; 52 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 52 of 3331 scanned pages (75 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w.
2. Locate the element: <h5>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10151
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-for-work-other/sex-and-travel.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html?CDCTestCode=CDC-10581
- http://www.cdc.gov/media/es/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6253a1.htm?mm6253a1_w=
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/8006642.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0316e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6648a3.htm?s_cid=mm6648a3_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0018.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201a.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhamcs/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6509e1.htm?s_cid=mm6509e1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/sepsis/es/site.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6916e1.htm?s_cid=mm6916e1_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/what-to-do/index.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/std-ips/site.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2024-week-42.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/topics/health-insurance-coverage.htm

…and more — 52 pages total ([download CSV](csv/alfa__sia-r78.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6621a3.htm?s_cid=mm6621a3_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4901a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm

---

## Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-94be1a20`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7845739d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `big`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `big-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 54 instances; 41 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big>
```

### Description
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule big-element on 41 of 3331 scanned pages (54 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm.
2. Locate the element: big
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule big-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5045a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049558.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5709a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5043a3.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5030a5.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00015494.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00014526.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00023638.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5001a2.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5608a3.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00050908.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5301a39.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4905a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5232a2.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5317md.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5147a8.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5648a6.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000332.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00054996.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00039431.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5418a1.htm

…and more — 41 pages total ([download CSV](csv/deprecated-html__big-element.csv)).

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047303.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5544md.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm

---

## Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-69507de5`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-20060f39`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `center`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `center-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 55 instances; 20 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<center>
  <table border="0" width="140" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
    
    <tbody><tr>
      <td width="140" bgcolor="#8A9683"><img border="0" src="www.cdc.gov/navimages/spacer.gif" width="140
```

### Description
Obsolete <center> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule center-element on 20 of 3331 scanned pages (55 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm.
2. Locate the element: center
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule center-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0070_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0130_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0164.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/jul/09_0250.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0045_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/jan/04_0083_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0198a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2010/jan/08_0221_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0174_zht.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jan/06_0143_zhs.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-14.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0030_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0187_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2011/jul/10_0160.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/PCD/issues/2006/apr/05_0175_es.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0140_zht.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0051_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/oct/08_0060.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/06_0159_es.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/jul/07_0070_fr.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2010/may/09_0130_es.htm

---

## Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b2599faa`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3fb891c5`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<fieldset>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r60` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 12 instances; 11 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Input purpose can be determined. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r60 on 11 of 3331 scanned pages (12 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm.
2. Locate the element: <fieldset>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r60.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0316e.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0018.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0201a.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/bmi/adult-calculator/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/strep-lab/php/testing-request/other.html
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/index87.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0073.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/dialysis-safety/making-dialysis-safer-coalition

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r60

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/12_0317.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2013/13_0202.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm

---

## Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b6c5df32`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-f2542d87`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<pre>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r79` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 62 instances; 10 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Duplicate role landmark is labeled. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r79 on 10 of 3331 scanned pages (62 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm.
2. Locate the element: <pre>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r79.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4808a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00057028.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00044241.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00052632.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00047280.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00032042.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00036562.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049599.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r79

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00038679.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4808a1.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055311.htm

---

## Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-61bc5de2`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-3d3b2245`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container side navigation us outline-none position-relative">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r40` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 6 instances; 6 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W36 (13 weeks)

### Description
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r40 on 6 of 3331 scanned pages (6 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html.
2. Locate the element: <div role="region" tabindex="0" class="map-container visualization-container side navigation us outline-none position-relative">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r40.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/orr/data-research/index.html
- https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/outbreaks/sproutedbeans-07-25/locations.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r40

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/climate-health/php/climate_ready/grant-recipients.html
- https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary
- https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary

---

## Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-97f61353`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-7fbb8b20`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537md.htm?s_cid=mm6537md_w  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r59` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 4 instances; 4 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (11 weeks)

### Description
Element with orientation is not locked. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r59 on 4 of 3331 scanned pages (4 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537md.htm?s_cid=mm6537md_w.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r59.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537md.htm?s_cid=mm6537md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6546md.htm?s_cid=mm6546md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/EIPConditions09.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r59

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6537md.htm?s_cid=mm6537md_w
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6546md.htm?s_cid=mm6546md_w
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm

---

## Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-f42b0ffe`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-e43903a1`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `<small>`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r75` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 11 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (11 weeks)

### Description
Form field error is identified and described. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r75 on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (11 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm.
2. Locate the element: <small>
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r75.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5907a1.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r75

### Example pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5913a4.htm
- http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5907a1.htm

---

## First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-18394e7c`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-aa242c2d`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `{"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r87` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 2 instances; 2 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (11 weeks)

### Description
First focusable element is link to main content. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r87 on 2 of 3331 scanned pages (2 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm.
2. Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r87.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/EIPConditions09.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r87

### Example pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0091h.htm
- https://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/EIPConditions09.html

---

## Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-b6f6f516`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-c461a167`  
**URL:** http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html  
**XPath / selector:** `<table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table horizontal" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="2">`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** Siteimprove Alfa — `sia-r54` ([reference](https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54))  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (10 weeks)

### Description
Assertive live region is marked as atomic. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r54 on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html.
2. Locate the element: <table class="table table-striped table-width-unset data-table horizontal" aria-live="assertive" aria-rowcount="2">
3. Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r54.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-b-reduce-infections.html

### Testing environment
Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r54

---

## Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined)

**Bug ID:** `VS-68a647d0`  
**Pattern ID:** `VS-a84da368`  
**URL:** https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a7.htm  
**XPath / selector:** `blink`  
**WCAG SC:** _undetermined_  
**Rule:** deprecated-html — `blink-element`  
**Severity:** Moderate  
**Frequency:** 1 instances; 1 of 3331 pages affected
  
**History:** first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W36 (10 weeks)

### HTML snippet
```html
<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>
```

### Description
Obsolete <blink> element. Detected by deprecated-html rule blink-element on 1 of 3331 scanned pages (1 instances).

### Steps to reproduce
1. Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a7.htm.
2. Locate the element: blink
3. Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule blink-element.

### Impact
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Affected pages
- https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5637a7.htm

### Testing environment
Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

### Suggested fix
Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.