www.cms.gov: technology ↔ issues
Accessibility findings that appear disproportionately on pages running a given technology, across the 104 page(s) in 2026-W40 where both technology detection and an accessibility engine ran. Lift is how many times more likely a finding is on pages with the technology than on pages overall — a value of 2× means twice the baseline rate.
This is an association , not proof of cause. Technologies that are detected on the same set of pages (e.g. a CMS, its host, and its language) will share identical lift values; the listing groups by technology but cannot tell which one in a co-located stack is responsible. Treat high-lift pairs as leads for a human to confirm — a barrier that recurs with the same technology, especially across multiple sites, is likely a bug in that technology rather than in any one page's content.
reCAPTCHA 31 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running reCAPTCHA (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
link-in-text-block (axe)
3.10×
12 / 31
13
Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s. (axe)
3.05×
10 / 31
11
jsDelivr 37 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running jsDelivr (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
link-in-text-block (axe)
2.81×
13 / 37
13
Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s. (axe)
2.81×
11 / 37
11
Bootstrap 37 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Bootstrap (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
link-in-text-block (axe)
2.81×
13 / 37
13
Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s. (axe)
2.81×
11 / 37
11
Microsoft ASP.NET 37 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Microsoft ASP.NET (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
link-in-text-block (axe)
2.81×
13 / 37
13
Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s. (axe)
2.81×
11 / 37
11
Drupal 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Drupal (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
Acquia Cloud Platform 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Acquia Cloud Platform (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
Amazon Web Services 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Amazon Web Services (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
PHP 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running PHP (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
Qualtrics 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Qualtrics (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
Tealium 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Tealium (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
YouTube 53 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running YouTube (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.57×
8 / 53
10
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.26×
9 / 53
14
jQuery 90 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running jQuery (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.16×
14 / 90
14
link-in-text-block (axe)
1.16×
13 / 90
13
Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s. (axe)
1.16×
11 / 90
11
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (alfa)
1.16×
10 / 90
10
Form field label is visible (alfa)
1.16×
10 / 90
10
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (alfa)
1.16×
10 / 90
10
Google Analytics 104 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running Google Analytics (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Remove empty headings or give them text (axe)
1.00×
16 / 104
16
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14
Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14
Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14
Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark. (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14
Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region. (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14
HSTS 104 pages
Findings over-represented on pages running HSTS (lift ≥ 1, ≥5 pages support).
Finding
Lift
On tech pages
On all pages
Remove empty headings or give them text (axe)
1.00×
16 / 104
16
Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size. (axe)
1.00×
14 / 104
14