www.cdc.gov: Accessibility — week 2026-W39

Automated Accessibility Conformance Report (OpenACR): Download ACR. Machine-readable; compatible with GSA OpenACR tooling. Automated tools find ~⅓ of real barriers — supplement with manual AT testing.

Training priorities

Top WCAG success criteria by pages affected this week. Use these to focus team training on the highest-impact issues.

SC	Criterion	Pages	Rules
1.4.3	Contrast (Minimum)	814	2
1.1.1	Non-text Content (images, icons)	749	2
3.1.1	Language of Page	746	2
2.5.5	WCAG 2.5.5	728	1
1.4.6	WCAG 1.4.6	619	1

Next 10 actions

Clusters are fingerprinted by normalized selector path + rule id + snippet shape. Rank score = (severity weight × pages affected) / distinct components for the rule. This supersedes the template threshold heuristic while still surfacing it as a validation signal.

Top 10 clustered component fixes for this week.
Cluster	Severity	Pages	Who it affects	How to fix	Evidence	Decision
<html> element must have a lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~589 finding(s) on 589 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Serious	589	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Page should contain a level-one heading · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~251 finding(s) on 251 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-root-home cdc-page-type--2024home">`	Moderate	251	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Form elements should have a visible label · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~155 finding(s) on 155 page(s). XPath / selector: `.smallfield` `<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insert e-mail" value="Insert e-mail" onfocus="this.value=''">`	Serious	155	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should have one main landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~643 finding(s) on 643 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Moderate	643	Requires manual testing.	Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~158 finding(s) on 158 page(s). XPath / selector: `.cdc-footer > footer` `<footer>`	Moderate	158	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should not have more than one banner landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~158 finding(s) on 158 page(s). XPath / selector: `.cdc-header` `<header class="container cdc-header">`	Moderate	158	Requires manual testing.	Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~158 finding(s) on 158 page(s). XPath / selector: `.cdc-footer` `<footer class="container cdc-footer noindex" role="contentinfo">`	Moderate	158	Requires manual testing.	Use only one contentinfo landmark (<footer> at the top level) per page.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document has a valid lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~157 finding(s) on 157 page(s). XPath / selector: `<html>`	Moderate	157	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~158 finding(s) on 158 page(s). XPath / selector: `a[href$="#content"]` `<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content" tabindex="1">Skip to site content</a>`	Serious	158	Requires manual testing.	Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~158 finding(s) on 158 page(s). XPath / selector: `a[href$="#headerSearch"]` `<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#headerSearch" tabindex="2">Skip to search</a>`	Serious	158	Requires manual testing.	Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes

Bug reports

33 issue type(s) are shown by default out of 80 total. Prioritized by severity, key pages, WCAG level, and prevalence; use the toggle to show everything.

Overall severity mix: 6 critical, 18 serious, 51 moderate, 5 minor. By WCAG category: 32 WCAG 2.0 A, 4 WCAG 2.0 AA, 1 WCAG 2.1 A, 1 WCAG 2.2 AA, 5 WCAG 2.x AAA, 18 Best Practice, 19 Undetermined. Ordered by severity, key-page impact, WCAG level, and prevalence. Following accessibility bug-reporting best practices. Download: Markdown · JSON (full archive) · JSON (AI diagnostic) · CSV (all findings) · Priority pages CSV · Priority pages JSON.

Automated testing does not establish full WCAG conformance. Findings in the verification lane require manual testing before they are treated as confirmed failures.

The 50 highest-priority findings are shown in full; 30 more lower-priority finding(s) are summarised at the end of the page, and every finding is in the CSV/JSON downloads.

4 finding(s) marked "possible duplicate" — Alfa and axe-core both flagged the same WCAG SC on overlapping pages. If they target the same element, the axe-core report is authoritative. Filter the CSV by possible_duplicate_of to see these. Two engines flagging the same barrier reduces the chance of a false positive.

Findings needing review

These findings need manual verification before they can be treated as confirmed failures. Obligation remains visible for each finding.

Serious axe html-has-lang WCAG 2.0 A <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 589/3333 pages · 589 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-f9650d71
Pattern ID: VS-c126b6a6
Combined ID: VS-f9650d71 (pattern VS-c126b6a6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 589 of 3333 scanned pages (589 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 589 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe image-alt WCAG 2.0 A Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1) 588/3333 pages · 6648 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-8348d51e
Pattern ID: VS-9074b4dd
Combined ID: VS-8348d51e (pattern VS-9074b4dd) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Images must have alternative text [image-alt]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm
XPath / selector: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">

Description

Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 588 of 3333 scanned pages (6648 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm.
Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 588 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe color-contrast WCAG 2.0 AA Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3) 570/3333 pages · 865 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-cc40c221
Pattern ID: VS-be8d563e
Combined ID: VS-cc40c221 (pattern VS-be8d563e) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm
XPath / selector: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>

Description

Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 570 of 3333 scanned pages (865 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm.
Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 570 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-name WCAG 2.0 A Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4) 239/3333 pages · 798 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-3e91b255
Pattern ID: VS-e9fe47ac
Combined ID: VS-3e91b255 (pattern VS-e9fe47ac) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must have discernible text [link-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm
XPath / selector: ol > a[href$="mm4818a1.htm"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a href="mm4818a1.htm">
        </a>

Description

Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 239 of 3333 scanned pages (798 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm.
Locate the element: ol > a[href$="mm4818a1.htm"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 239 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe label WCAG 2.0 A Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2) 162/3333 pages · 264 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-4f013738
Pattern ID: VS-fafffee0
Combined ID: VS-4f013738 (pattern VS-fafffee0) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Form elements must have labels [label]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a6.htm?s_cid=mm6345a6_w
XPath / selector: #searchBox
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">

Description

Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 162 of 3333 scanned pages (264 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a6.htm?s_cid=mm6345a6_w.
Locate the element: #searchBox
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 162 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-in-text-block WCAG 2.0 A Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1) 60/3333 pages · 66 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-5580854e
Pattern ID: VS-8ade3360
Combined ID: VS-5580854e (pattern VS-8ade3360) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/cauti/recommendations-for-further-research.html
XPath / selector: .all-pages
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>

Description

Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 60 of 3333 scanned pages (66 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/cauti/recommendations-for-further-research.html.
Locate the element: .all-pages
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

Impact

Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Without color perception — 4.5% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 60 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe scrollable-region-focusable WCAG 2.0 A Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1) 25/3333 pages · 30 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-275401b4
Pattern ID: VS-c613c153
Combined ID: VS-275401b4 (pattern VS-c613c153) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.1.1 Keyboard (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html
XPath / selector: .dfe-section:nth-child(3) > .cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div style="overflow-x: auto;">

Description

Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 25 of 3333 scanned pages (30 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html.
Locate the element: .dfe-section:nth-child(3) > .cdc_page_element.dfe-block.dfe-block--cdcmodule > .dfe-block__inner > .cdc-textblock > .table-responsive > div
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe list WCAG 2.0 A <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1) 24/3333 pages · 40 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-9b219d21
Pattern ID: VS-a0bdbdf6
Combined ID: VS-9b219d21 (pattern VS-a0bdbdf6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm
XPath / selector: ol
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<ol>

Description

<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 24 of 3333 scanned pages (40 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm.
Locate the element: ol
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe frame-title WCAG 2.0 A Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 24/3333 pages · 39 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-df713185
Pattern ID: VS-3f76c7ea
Combined ID: VS-df713185 (pattern VS-3f76c7ea) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/newsletter/2022/may/index.html
XPath / selector: iframe[allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocook..." allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" title="">

Description

Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 24 of 3333 scanned pages (39 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/museum/education/newsletter/2022/may/index.html.
Locate the element: iframe[allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe td-headers-attr WCAG 2.0 A Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1) 19/3333 pages · 31 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-e63860b6
Pattern ID: VS-07ba3b17
Combined ID: VS-e63860b6 (pattern VS-07ba3b17) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl [td-headers-attr]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table8a.html
XPath / selector: table
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W39 (15 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="0" class="opt-in table table-bordered">

Description

Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 19 of 3333 scanned pages (31 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table8a.html.
Locate the element: table
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe blink WCAG 2.0 A <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2) 9/3333 pages · 10 instances

Bug ID: VS-b6873206
Pattern ID: VS-4b45acfe
Combined ID: VS-b6873206 (pattern VS-4b45acfe) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5415a2.htm
XPath / selector: blink
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W39 (15 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>

Description

<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 9 of 3333 scanned pages (10 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5415a2.htm.
Locate the element: blink
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-command-name WCAG 2.0 A ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 8/3333 pages · 180 instances

Bug ID: VS-b297d75b
Pattern ID: VS-5c82bd60
Combined ID: VS-b297d75b (pattern VS-5c82bd60) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html
XPath / selector: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi

Description

ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 8 of 3333 scanned pages (180 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html.
Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe nested-interactive WCAG 2.0 A Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2) 6/3333 pages · 17 instances

Bug ID: VS-145b6403
Pattern ID: VS-58301a87
Combined ID: VS-145b6403 (pattern VS-58301a87) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/national_data.htm
XPath / selector: #acc-header-7
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-7" href="#acc-panel-7" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-7" aria-controls="acc-panel-7" aria-expanded="f

Description

Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 6 of 3333 scanned pages (17 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/tb/statistics/reports/2022/national_data.htm.
Locate the element: #acc-header-7
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe select-name WCAG 2.0 A Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 3/3333 pages · 11 instances

Bug ID: VS-a35a9efd
Pattern ID: VS-fab92378
Combined ID: VS-a35a9efd (pattern VS-fab92378) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/print-materials.html
XPath / selector: .row:nth-child(1) > .col-sm-12.col-md-6.col-lg-6:nth-child(1) > .row > .col-lg-12.col-md-12.col-sm-12 > .landing-header.d-flex.align-items-center > form > select
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W39 (15 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<select id="responderSize" onchange="Toggle(this);" class="form-select ">

Description

Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (11 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/print-materials.html.
Locate the element: .row:nth-child(1) > .col-sm-12.col-md-6.col-lg-6:nth-child(1) > .row > .col-lg-12.col-md-12.col-sm-12 > .landing-header.d-flex.align-items-center > form > select
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe button-name WCAG 2.0 A Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2) 3/3333 pages · 3 instances

Bug ID: VS-f22ab381
Pattern ID: VS-e7298c00
Combined ID: VS-f22ab381 (pattern VS-e7298c00) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/es/about/acerca-del-vih.html
XPath / selector: #search__icon
History: first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W39 (11 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>

Description

Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/es/about/acerca-del-vih.html.
Locate the element: #search__icon
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe listitem WCAG 2.0 A <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1) 3/3333 pages · 13 instances

Bug ID: VS-b937d506
Pattern ID: VS-6175596b
Combined ID: VS-b937d506 (pattern VS-6175596b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html
XPath / selector: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<li><strong>Number of Hospitalizations</strong></li>

Description

<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (13 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html.
Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-valid-attr-value WCAG 2.0 A ARIA attributes must conform to valid values (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 3 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-07b8ea2a
Pattern ID: VS-af36d20c
Combined ID: VS-07b8ea2a (pattern VS-af36d20c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — ARIA attributes must conform to valid values [aria-valid-attr-value]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/8003347.html
XPath / selector: a[href$="#nav-group-2f23f"]
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W39 (2 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a href="#nav-group-2f23f" aria-controls="#nav-group-2f23f" class="nav-minus nav-expandcollapse" data-toggle="collapse"><span class="sr-only">minus icon</span><span class="fi cdc-icon-minus" aria-hidd

Description

ARIA attributes must conform to valid values. Detected by axe-core rule aria-valid-attr-value on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/8003347.html.
Locate the element: a[href$="#nav-group-2f23f"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-valid-attr-value against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Fix the ARIA attribute value — it must reference a real id or use an allowed value.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-valid-attr-value?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-prohibited-attr WCAG 2.0 A Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-f63fd35f
Pattern ID: VS-ebb1c464
Combined ID: VS-f63fd35f (pattern VS-ebb1c464) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0187
XPath / selector: #UNIQUE4058168dae575c1787
History: first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W39 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE4058168dae575c1787" aria-label="Carousel">

Description

Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0187.
Locate the element: #UNIQUE4058168dae575c1787
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe valid-lang WCAG 2.0 AA lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-139ce83d
Pattern ID: VS-dd1c019f
Combined ID: VS-139ce83d (pattern VS-dd1c019f) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.2 Language of Parts (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/flu-resources/php/resources/cover-your-cough-health-care-flyer.html
XPath / selector: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > a[lang="__"][download="covercough_hcp8-5x11_khm.pdf"][aria-label="Download"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a lang="__" class="cdc-block-link" href="/flu-resources/media/pdfs/2024/08/covercough_hcp8-5x11_khm.pdf" aria-label="Download" download="covercough_hcp8-5x11_khm.pdf" target="_blank">

Description

lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/flu-resources/php/resources/cover-your-cough-health-care-flyer.html.
Locate the element: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > a[lang="__"][download="covercough_hcp8-5x11_khm.pdf"][aria-label="Download"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-required-children WCAG 2.0 A Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1) 1/3333 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-1eced265
Pattern ID: VS-9429bb8d
Combined ID: VS-1eced265 (pattern VS-9429bb8d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children [aria-required-children]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0344
XPath / selector: #accordion-7
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W39 (13 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="accordion indicator-plus accordion-white mb3" id="accordion-7" role="tablist">

Description

Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0344.
Locate the element: #accordion-7
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe region Best Practice All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined) 2928/3333 pages · 21897 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-72f8dd90
Pattern ID: VS-f18df681
Combined ID: VS-72f8dd90 (pattern VS-f18df681) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
XPath / selector: .cdc-site-gov-notice
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="cdc-site-gov-notice noindex noprint" aria-label="Official website of the United States government">

Description

All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 2928 of 3333 scanned pages (21897 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/index.html.
Locate the element: .cdc-site-gov-notice
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 2928 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe tabindex Best Practice Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined) 158/3333 pages · 474 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c19673c8
Pattern ID: VS-7430f84c
Combined ID: VS-c19673c8 (pattern VS-7430f84c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: a[href$="#content"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content" tabindex="1">Skip to site content</a>

Description

Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 158 of 3333 scanned pages (474 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: a[href$="#content"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 158 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe label-title-only Best Practice Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined) 155/3333 pages · 155 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c3a0cbd2
Pattern ID: VS-33841929
Combined ID: VS-c3a0cbd2 (pattern VS-33841929) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm
XPath / selector: .smallfield
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insert e-mail" value="Insert e-mail" onfocus="this.value=''">

Description

Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 155 of 3333 scanned pages (155 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm.
Locate the element: .smallfield
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 155 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-dialog-name Best Practice ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined) 4/3333 pages · 14 instances

Bug ID: VS-36900a8e
Pattern ID: VS-fa724f90
Combined ID: VS-36900a8e (pattern VS-fa724f90) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/enews.html
XPath / selector: .sr-modal-dialog
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W39 (9 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="sr-modal-dialog" role="dialog" tabindex="-1" style="max-width: 500px;">

Description

ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 4 of 3333 scanned pages (14 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/wtc/enews.html.
Locate the element: .sr-modal-dialog
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r113 WCAG 2.2 AA Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8) 265/3333 pages · 2613 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-3a2f6862
Pattern ID: VS-179ad9b3
Combined ID: VS-3a2f6862 (pattern VS-179ad9b3) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.2 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.2)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="#content_area">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 265 of 3333 scanned pages (2613 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 265 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r69 WCAG 2.0 AA Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3) 244/3333 pages · 1304 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-3eda31e9
Pattern ID: VS-f7e99f4b
Combined ID: VS-3eda31e9 (pattern VS-f7e99f4b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html
XPath / selector: text: "Related Pages"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 244 of 3333 scanned pages (1304 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html.
Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 244 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r2 WCAG 2.0 A Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1) 161/3333 pages · 1955 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-832b8e1a
Pattern ID: VS-a24eaa8c
Combined ID: VS-832b8e1a (pattern VS-a24eaa8c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Image has accessible name [sia-r2]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 161 of 3333 scanned pages (1955 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 161 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r4 WCAG 2.0 A Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 157/3333 pages · 157 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-e5c53539
Pattern ID: VS-7a0e5645
Combined ID: VS-e5c53539 (pattern VS-7a0e5645) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <html>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 157 of 3333 scanned pages (157 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <html>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 157 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r14 WCAG 2.1 A Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3) 72/3333 pages · 126 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-62438c2a
Pattern ID: VS-f7dba940
Combined ID: VS-62438c2a (pattern VS-f7dba940) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.1 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.3 Label in Name (Level A, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/investigate-legionella/php/public-health-strategy/index.html
XPath / selector: <a href="/investigate-legionella/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Investigating Legionnaires' Disease">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 72 of 3333 scanned pages (126 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/investigate-legionella/php/public-health-strategy/index.html.
Locate the element: <a href="/investigate-legionella/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Investigating Legionnaires' Disease">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Without speech — 0.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 72 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r11 WCAG 2.0 A Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4) 69/3333 pages · 171 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-eb9687ae
Pattern ID: VS-28ebd979
Combined ID: VS-eb9687ae (pattern VS-28ebd979) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link has accessible name [sia-r11]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 69 of 3333 scanned pages (171 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 69 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r68 WCAG 2.0 A Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1) 65/3333 pages · 653 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2f533463
Pattern ID: VS-d6097011
Combined ID: VS-2f533463 (pattern VS-d6097011) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/opioids/default.html
XPath / selector: <ul>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 65 of 3333 scanned pages (653 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/opioids/default.html.
Locate the element: <ul>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 65 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r8 WCAG 2.0 A Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 34/3333 pages · 37 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-63617189
Pattern ID: VS-a48e6078
Combined ID: VS-63617189 (pattern VS-a48e6078) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040a6.htm?s_cid=mm6040a6_w
XPath / selector: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 34 of 3333 scanned pages (37 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040a6.htm?s_cid=mm6040a6_w.
Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 34 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r64 WCAG 2.0 A Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1) 13/3333 pages · 13 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-fd467759
Pattern ID: VS-3c632d31
Combined ID: VS-fd467759 (pattern VS-3c632d31) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Element has required owned roles [sia-r64]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm
XPath / selector: <h2>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Element has required owned roles. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r64 on 13 of 3333 scanned pages (13 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm.
Locate the element: <h2>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r64 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r64

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-unique Best Practice Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined) 977/3333 pages · 1319 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-570d5313
Pattern ID: VS-8806389c
Combined ID: VS-570d5313 (pattern VS-8806389c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c [landmark-unique]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2015/protejase3.html
XPath / selector: .page-right-rail__static
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">

Description

Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 977 of 3333 scanned pages (1319 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2015/protejase3.html.
Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 977 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe heading-order Best Practice Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined) 880/3333 pages · 1232 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-073408c1
Pattern ID: VS-d25f622d
Combined ID: VS-073408c1 (pattern VS-d25f622d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007a6.htm
XPath / selector: .bg-white.card-body > h5
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<h5>Altmetric:</h5>

Description

Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 880 of 3333 scanned pages (1232 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007a6.htm.
Locate the element: .bg-white.card-body > h5
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 880 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-one-main Best Practice Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 799/3333 pages · 799 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-925b7fde
Pattern ID: VS-d5d82446
Combined ID: VS-925b7fde (pattern VS-d5d82446) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 799 of 3333 scanned pages (799 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 799 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r111 WCAG 2.x AAA Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5) 728/3333 pages · 21377 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-8e6ae019
Pattern ID: VS-cb53cc4d
Combined ID: VS-8e6ae019 (pattern VS-cb53cc4d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="#content_area">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 728 of 3333 scanned pages (21377 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 728 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r66 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6) 619/3333 pages · 18594 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-63e67409
Pattern ID: VS-646b1e0b
Combined ID: VS-63e67409 (pattern VS-646b1e0b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm
XPath / selector: text: "Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 619 of 3333 scanned pages (18594 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm.
Locate the element: text: "Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 619 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r57 Undetermined Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined) 528/3333 pages · 7470 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-e86b93e4
Pattern ID: VS-c18be945
Combined ID: VS-e86b93e4 (pattern VS-c18be945) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html
XPath / selector: text: "Skip directly to search"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 528 of 3333 scanned pages (7470 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html.
Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 528 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r18 Undetermined aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined) 365/3333 pages · 448 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c4273120
Pattern ID: VS-e05344b9
Combined ID: VS-c4273120 (pattern VS-e05344b9) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html
XPath / selector: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 365 of 3333 scanned pages (448 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html.
Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 365 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r74 WCAG 2.x AAA Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8) 324/3333 pages · 1937 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-e55a5287
Pattern ID: VS-fbf54eba
Combined ID: VS-e55a5287 (pattern VS-fbf54eba) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 324 of 3333 scanned pages (1937 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 324 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe page-has-heading-one Best Practice Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined) 251/3333 pages · 251 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-0fea329d
Pattern ID: VS-fa44f293
Combined ID: VS-0fea329d (pattern VS-fa44f293) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-root-home cdc-page-type--2024home">

Description

Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 251 of 3333 scanned pages (251 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 251 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r53 Undetermined Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined) 242/3333 pages · 349 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-3edae564
Pattern ID: VS-f054f4a4
Combined ID: VS-3edae564 (pattern VS-f054f4a4) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <h3>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 242 of 3333 scanned pages (349 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <h3>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 242 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r73 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8) 241/3333 pages · 75785 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-4feb9f54
Pattern ID: VS-2208081b
Combined ID: VS-4feb9f54 (pattern VS-2208081b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: <p>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 241 of 3333 scanned pages (75785 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: <p>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 241 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r70 Undetermined No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined) 190/3333 pages · 190 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-0a106bca
Pattern ID: VS-3d033717
Combined ID: VS-0a106bca (pattern VS-3d033717) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm
XPath / selector: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

Description

No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 190 of 3333 scanned pages (190 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm.
Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 190 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe skip-link Best Practice The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined) 172/3333 pages · 172 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-6145486d
Pattern ID: VS-4edfe386
Combined ID: VS-6145486d (pattern VS-4edfe386) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — The skip-link target should exist and be focusable [skip-link]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: a[href$="#headerSearch"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#headerSearch" tabindex="2">Skip to search</a>

Description

The skip-link target should exist and be focusable. Detected by axe-core rule skip-link on 172 of 3333 scanned pages (172 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: a[href$="#headerSearch"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule skip-link.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 172 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Ensure the skip link targets a real, focusable element (its href must match an existing id).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/skip-link?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level Best Practice Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 158/3333 pages · 158 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-7483545c
Pattern ID: VS-424cced9
Combined ID: VS-7483545c (pattern VS-424cced9) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark [landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: .cdc-footer > footer
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<footer>

Description

Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level on 158 of 3333 scanned pages (158 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: .cdc-footer > footer
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 158 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-no-duplicate-banner Best Practice Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 158/3333 pages · 158 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-7501142d
Pattern ID: VS-054101da
Combined ID: VS-7501142d (pattern VS-054101da) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Document should not have more than one banner landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: .cdc-header
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<header class="container cdc-header">

Description

Document should not have more than one banner landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner on 158 of 3333 scanned pages (158 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: .cdc-header
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-banner.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 158 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use only one banner landmark (<header> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-banner?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo Best Practice Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 158/3333 pages · 158 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-85327895
Pattern ID: VS-b465dfd7
Combined ID: VS-85327895 (pattern VS-b465dfd7) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html
XPath / selector: .cdc-footer
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<footer class="container cdc-footer noindex" role="contentinfo">

Description

Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo on 158 of 3333 scanned pages (158 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html.
Locate the element: .cdc-footer
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 158 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use only one contentinfo landmark (<footer> at the top level) per page.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Minor axe aria-allowed-role Best Practice ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined) 144/3333 pages · 149 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-8ad5194e
Pattern ID: VS-4fac2f41
Combined ID: VS-8ad5194e (pattern VS-4fac2f41) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-110/default.html
XPath / selector: img[role="presentation"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W39 (16 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="/niosh/docs/2004-110/images/2004-110a.jpg" alt="Preventing Lung Disease in Workers: Who Use or Make Flavorings" role="presentation">

Description

ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 144 of 3333 scanned pages (149 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2004-110/default.html.
Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 144 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

30 more lower-priority finding(s) — summary only

Full detail — steps, affected pages, snippets — for these and every finding is in the CSV.

Severity	Finding	WCAG category	Pages
Moderate	Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r61]	Undetermined	99
Moderate	Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [presentational-attr]	Undetermined	80
Minor	Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) [empty-table-header]	Best Practice	61
Moderate	Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [font-element]	Undetermined	57
Moderate	Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r78]	Undetermined	48
Moderate	Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [big-element]	Undetermined	41
Moderate	Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8) [sia-r80]	WCAG 2.x AAA	41
Minor	Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) [empty-heading]	Best Practice	41
Moderate	Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r79]	Undetermined	15
Moderate	Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [center-element]	Undetermined	15
Moderate	scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined) [scope-attr-valid]	Best Practice	12
Moderate	Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r60]	Undetermined	10
Moderate	Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r77]	WCAG 2.0 A	8
Moderate	Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r46]	WCAG 2.0 A	8
Moderate	Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r40]	Undetermined	5
Moderate	Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r59]	Undetermined	5
Moderate	First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r87]	Undetermined	5
Moderate	aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r45]	WCAG 2.0 A	4
Minor	Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined) [image-redundant-alt]	Best Practice	3
Moderate	Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r12]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r90]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r85]	Undetermined	2
Minor	Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined) [table-duplicate-name]	Best Practice	2
Moderate	Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r75]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r76]	WCAG 2.0 A	1
Moderate	Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r54]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Element with lang attribute has correct language (WCAG 3.1.2) [sia-r7]	WCAG 2.0 AA	1
Moderate	Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1) [sia-r84]	WCAG 2.0 A	1
Moderate	Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1) [sia-r62]	WCAG 2.0 A	1
Moderate	Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined) [blink-element]	Undetermined	1

Deque axe-core findings

Rule-level axe-core summary (38 rule type(s))

Each failing rule links out to the axe-core documentation. For full element-level detail including HTML snippets and XPaths, see the bug reports above.

axe-core rules failing in 2026-W39, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]	moderate	2928	21897	/hiv/data-research/facts-stats/index.html /mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007a6.htm /niosh/bulletin/2015/protejase3.html	all 2928 pages (CSV)
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination [landmark-unique]	moderate	977	1319	/niosh/bulletin/2015/protejase3.html /oral-health-data-systems/about_oral_health_data/synopses-of-state-oral-health-programs.html /vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html	all 977 pages (CSV)
Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]	moderate	880	1232	/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7007a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm	all 880 pages (CSV)
Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]	moderate	799	799	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm	all 799 pages (CSV)
<html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]	serious	589	589	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm	all 589 pages (CSV)
Images must have alternative text [image-alt]	critical	588	6648	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm	all 588 pages (CSV)
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]	serious	570	865	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021137.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm	all 570 pages (CSV)
Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]	moderate	251	251	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /emotional-well-being/site.html /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/data/senAllregt01.html	all 251 pages (CSV)
Links must have discernible text [link-name]	serious	239	798	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 239 pages (CSV)
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable [skip-link]	moderate	172	172	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html /heart-disease/php/healthy-eating-kit/index.html	all 172 pages (CSV)
Form elements must have labels [label]	critical	162	264	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6345a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6142a4.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6103a1.htm	all 162 pages (CSV)
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]	serious	158	474	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html /heart-disease/php/healthy-eating-kit/index.html	all 158 pages (CSV)
Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark [landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level]	moderate	158	158	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html /heart-disease/php/healthy-eating-kit/index.html	all 158 pages (CSV)
Document should not have more than one banner landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]	moderate	158	158	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html /heart-disease/php/healthy-eating-kit/index.html	all 158 pages (CSV)
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo]	moderate	158	158	/vaccine-safety/vaccines/flu.html /covid/vaccines/how-they-work.html /heart-disease/php/healthy-eating-kit/index.html	all 158 pages (CSV)
Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]	serious	155	155	/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm /pcd/issues/2011/may/10_0058.htm	all 155 pages (CSV)
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]	minor	144	149	/niosh/docs/2004-110/default.html /spanish/NIOSH/docs/wp-solutions/2010-150_sp /niosh/publications/numbered/84-117.html	all 144 pages (CSV)
Table header text should not be empty [empty-table-header]	minor	61	179	/wastewater/about/wval.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6026a4.htm /asthma/nhis/2011/table6-2.htm	all 61 pages (CSV)
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]	serious	60	66	/infection-control/hcp/cauti/recommendations-for-further-research.html /ccindex/everydaywords/index.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html	all 60 pages (CSV)
Headings should not be empty [empty-heading]	minor	41	45	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5450a5.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5324a4.htm	all 41 pages (CSV)
Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]	serious	25	30	/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html /abcs/isolates-and-data/available-isolates.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/table-3-7.html	all 25 pages (CSV)
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]	serious	24	40	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5312a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5427a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00026330.htm	all 24 pages (CSV)
Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]	serious	24	39	/museum/education/newsletter/2022/may/index.html /stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html /cancer-survivors/healthy-living-guides/eating-healthy.html	all 24 pages (CSV)
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table [td-headers-attr]	serious	19	31	/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table8a.html /acip/grade/CYD-TDV-dengue-vaccine.html /vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread.html	all 19 pages (CSV)
scope attribute should be used correctly [scope-attr-valid]	moderate	12	160	/pcd/issues/2019/19_0043.htm /vaccines/acip/recs/grade/influenza-older-adults-etr.html /acip/evidence-to-recommendations/CYD-TDV-dengue-vaccine-etr.html	all 12 pages (CSV)
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]	serious	9	10	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5415a2.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001671.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5205a1.htm	all 9 pages (CSV)
ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]	serious	8	180	/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html /hepatitis/statistics/2021surveillance/hepatitis-c/figure-3.5.htm /hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-6.html	all 8 pages (CSV)
Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]	serious	6	17	/tb/statistics/reports/2022/national_data.htm /niosh/ocas/secstatustable.html /birth-defects/data-research/facts-stats/index.html	all 6 pages (CSV)
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]	serious	4	14	/wtc/enews.html /nhsn/covid19/ltc-vaccination-dashboard.html /wtc/conditions.html	all 4 pages (CSV)
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text [image-redundant-alt]	minor	3	14	/spanish/index.html /injury/wisqars/nonfatal_help/index.html /injury/wisqars/ecode_matrix.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]	serious	3	13	/foodborne-outbreaks/php/data-research/summary-2017-2020.html /niosh/ergonomics/ergo-programs/involve-train.html /niosh/ocas/awedocs.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]	critical	3	11	/wtc/print-materials.html /nchs/hus/data-finder.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6339a5.htm	all 3 pages (CSV)
Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]	critical	3	3	/hiv/es/about/acerca-del-vih.html /wtc/conditions.html /hiv/es/prevention/como-prevenir-el-vih-con-el-uso-de-condones.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
ARIA attributes must conform to valid values [aria-valid-attr-value]	critical	2	3	/niosh/idlh/8003347.html /nchs/nvss/vsrr/infant-mortality-dashboard.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]	serious	2	2	/stophivtogether/hiv-prevention/index.html /stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]	serious	2	2	/flu-resources/php/resources/cover-your-cough-health-care-flyer.html /carbon-monoxide/factsheets/co-poisoning-fact-sheet.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Tables should not have the same summary and caption [table-duplicate-name]	minor	2	2	/brfss/acbs/2017/multiple_year/acbs_prevalence_15-17_table6.html /flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children [aria-required-children]	critical	1	2	/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/self-testing.html	all 1 pages (CSV)

Siteimprove Alfa findings

Rule-level Alfa summary (37 rule type(s))

Rule-level summary from Siteimprove Alfa (W3C ACT-based). Findings that overlap with axe-core on the same WCAG success criterion are noted as possible duplicates in the bug reports above.

Alfa rules failing in 2026-W39, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]	n/a	728	21377	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 728 pages (CSV)
Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]	n/a	619	18594	/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm /niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html	all 619 pages (CSV)
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]	n/a	528	7470	/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html /niosh/topics/opioids/default.html /niosh/chemicals	all 528 pages (CSV)
aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]	n/a	365	448	/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html /niosh/topics/opioids/default.html /niosh/chemicals	all 365 pages (CSV)
Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]	n/a	324	1937	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 324 pages (CSV)
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]	n/a	265	2613	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 265 pages (CSV)
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]	n/a	244	1304	/niosh/bulletin/2026/ototoxicants.html /niosh/topics/opioids/default.html /niosh/chemicals	all 244 pages (CSV)
Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]	n/a	242	349	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 242 pages (CSV)
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]	n/a	241	75785	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 241 pages (CSV)
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]	n/a	190	190	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 190 pages (CSV)
Image has accessible name [sia-r2]	n/a	161	1955	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 161 pages (CSV)
Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]	n/a	157	157	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4832a1.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm	all 157 pages (CSV)
Form field label is visible [sia-r61]	n/a	99	99	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040a6.htm /diphtheria/about/index.html /antibiotic-use/es/site.html	all 99 pages (CSV)
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]	n/a	72	126	/investigate-legionella/php/public-health-strategy/index.html /environmental-exposure-report/php/about-the-data/laboratory-analysis.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html	all 72 pages (CSV)
Link has accessible name [sia-r11]	n/a	69	171	/pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0073.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/06_0026_fr.htm /pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0039_es.htm	all 69 pages (CSV)
Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]	n/a	65	653	/niosh/topics/opioids/default.html /maternal-infant-health/infant-mortality/index.html /std-ips/php/glossary/appendix-k.html	all 65 pages (CSV)
Table header has scope [sia-r78]	n/a	48	52	/global-hiv-tb/php/success-stories/kenya-hiv-care.html /antibiotic-use/es/site.html /salmonella/php/data-research/repjjp01.html	all 48 pages (CSV)
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible [sia-r80]	n/a	41	43	/diphtheria/about/index.html /high-blood-pressure/site.html /media/es/releases/2025/2025-los-cdc-lanzan-una-nueva-campana-para-abordar-el-consumo-de-sustancias-y-la-salud-mental-en-los.html	all 41 pages (CSV)
Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]	n/a	34	37	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6040a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6104a9.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6148a2.htm	all 34 pages (CSV)
Duplicate role landmark is labeled [sia-r79]	n/a	15	36	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055690.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00021959.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4827a3.htm	all 15 pages (CSV)
Element has required owned roles [sia-r64]	n/a	13	13	/nchs/products/index.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5420a3.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5114a1.htm	all 13 pages (CSV)
Input purpose can be determined [sia-r60]	n/a	10	10	/pcd/issues/2013/12_0131.htm /pcd/issues/2013/12_0271.htm /pcd/issues/2012/12_0042.htm	all 10 pages (CSV)
Table cell has header [sia-r77]	n/a	8	3960	/niosh/nmam/cas.html /vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/vision-loss-prevalence.html /asthma/asthma_stats/asthma-deaths_2001-2021.html	all 8 pages (CSV)
Element has required aria-owns [sia-r46]	n/a	8	184	/brfss/acbs/2020/prevalence_tables/table5_LLCP.html /brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table8a.html /hepatitis-a/outbreaks/person-to-person/index.html	all 8 pages (CSV)
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout [sia-r40]	n/a	5	8	/salmonella/php/data-research/repjjp01.html /salmonella/outbreaks/meats-01-24/locations.html /salmonella/outbreaks/chameleons-05-26/locations.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
Element with orientation is not locked [sia-r59]	n/a	5	5	/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6649md.htm /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/PedFlu01.html /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2025-2026/data/iliage26.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
First focusable element is link to main content [sia-r87]	n/a	5	5	/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/PedFlu01.html /wtc/zadroga_1year.html /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2025-2026/data/iliage26.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology [sia-r45]	n/a	4	1100	/brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table8a.html /asthma/asthma_stats/asthma-deaths_2001-2021.html /brfss/acbs/2010/prevalence_tables/table11b.html	all 4 pages (CSV)
Button has accessible name [sia-r12]	n/a	2	103	/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html /stophivtogether/library	all 2 pages (CSV)
Component with same name serves same purpose [sia-r90]	n/a	2	2	/diphtheria/php/surveillance/index.html /diabetes/burden-toolkit/state-burden-toolkit-economic-burden.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Keyboard trap does not exist [sia-r85]	n/a	2	2	/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5102a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su48a7.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Form field error is identified and described [sia-r75]	n/a	1	8	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6019a9.htm	all 1 pages (CSV)
sia-r76	n/a	1	4	/vision-health-data/prevalence-estimates/vision-loss-prevalence.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Assertive live region is marked as atomic [sia-r54]	n/a	1	1	/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/hepatitis-c/figure-3-8.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Element with lang attribute has correct language [sia-r7]	n/a	1	1	/flu-resources/php/resources/cover-your-cough-health-care-flyer.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
sia-r84	n/a	1	1	/lyme/hcp/clinical-care/lyme-carditis.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color [sia-r62]	n/a	1	1	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5935a4.htm	all 1 pages (CSV)

Unique accessibility issues (axe + Alfa consolidated)

axe and Alfa both implement W3C ACT rules, so the same issue is often caught by both. These are deduplicated by ACT rule and page, so a shared finding counts once (13977 raw engine findings → 13536 unique).

Unique issues (rule × page): 13536
Caught by both engines: 440 highest confidence
axe only: 8959
Alfa only: 4137

9 rule type(s) caught by both engines — highest confidence

Two independent ACT-rule implementations (Deque axe-core and Siteimprove Alfa) flagged the same issue on the same pages. Agreement between separate engines is strong evidence the barrier is real, not a single-tool false positive — the best place to start.

Rules flagged by both axe-core and Alfa in 2026-W39, by pages affected.
Issue	Pages	Rule references
<html> element must have a lang attribute	589	axe html-has-lang · Alfa sia-r4 · ACT b5c3f8
Images must have alternative text	588	axe image-alt · Alfa sia-r2 · ACT 23a2a8
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes	367	axe aria-prohibited-attr · Alfa sia-r18 · ACT 5c01ea
Links must have discernible text	239	axe link-name · Alfa sia-r11 · ACT c487ae
Form elements must have labels	164	axe label · Alfa sia-r8 · ACT e086e5
Headings should not be empty	41	axe empty-heading · Alfa sia-r64 · ACT ffd0e9
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table	19	axe td-headers-attr · Alfa sia-r45 · ACT a25f45
ARIA commands must have an accessible name	12	axe aria-command-name · Alfa sia-r12 · ACT 97a4e1
lang attribute must have a valid value	2	axe valid-lang · Alfa sia-r7 · ACT de46e4