Method change, November 2026. Until this change, any link whose address contained /@name was counted as Mastodon. TikTok, YouTube, Threads, Medium and Substack use the same pattern, so their links were counted as Mastodon too. That overstated Mastodon use and raised Digital Sovereignty Scores. Results stored before the change are corrected automatically, and TikTok, YouTube, Blacksky and Gander are now tracked as platforms of their own. TikTok and YouTube counts stay incomplete until every page has been rescanned, because older scans kept only the TikTok and YouTube links that used /@name.

Counting change, November 2026. Figures used to count a page under a platform if any scan had ever found a link, so a government that left a platform still counted as using it. Each page is now counted as of its most recent successful scan. A scan that fails, or returns an error page such as a 404, is not treated as the page dropping its links.

Social media tier distribution Pie chart: social media tier distribution across 87,696 scanned pages. Legacy only: 31,784 (36.2%), Modern only: 156 (0.2%), Mixed: 1,103 (1.3%), No Social: 49,110 (56.0%) Twitter/X only: 31,784 (38.7%) Modern only: 156 (0.2%) Mixed: 1,103 (1.3%) No Social: 49,110 (59.8%) Twitter/X only (38.7%) Modern only (0.2%) Mixed (1.3%) No Social (59.8%)

Social media tier distribution

Stats as of 2026-11-09 21:17 UTC — last scan: 2026-11-09

389 scan batches run

87,690 of 87,696 available pages scanned (100.0% coverage) 82,147 of 87,690 scanned pages were reachable (93.7%)

Legacy social media (older, centralised platforms):

Platform Pages with link % of scanned % of reachable
🐦 Twitter 13,654 15.6% 16.6%
✖ X 3,787 4.3% 4.6%
👍 Facebook 29,251 33.4% 35.6%
💼 LinkedIn 10,652 12.1% 13.0%
TikTok 1,621 1.8% 2.0%
YouTube 3,602 4.1% 4.4%

Modern / open social media (decentralised or open platforms):

Platform Pages with link % of scanned % of reachable
🦋 Bluesky 858 1.0% 1.0%
Blacksky 0 0.0% 0.0%
Gander 0 0.0% 0.0%
🐘 Mastodon / Fediverse 499 0.6% 0.6%

📥 Machine-readable results are available as the social-media-data.json artifact (machine-readable JSON).

Digital Sovereignty Rankings

Countries ranked by Digital Sovereignty Score: the percentage of reachable pages using no social media or modern open platforms only (Mastodon, Bluesky, Blacksky, Gander). A higher score means fewer links to centralised corporate social-media platforms (Twitter / X, Facebook, LinkedIn, TikTok, YouTube). Pages with no social-media links at all score highest; pages linking only to open platforms also rank well. Legacy Exposure shows the percentage of reachable pages that still link to at least one of those corporate platforms.

Rank Country Sovereignty Score No Social Modern Only Legacy Exposure Tier
1 Finland 76.7% 145 0 23.3% 🥉 Growing
2 Norway 76.1% 183 2 23.9% 🥉 Growing
3 Lithuania 74.6% 85 0 25.4% 🥉 Growing
4 Malta 74.1% 441 0 25.9% 🥉 Growing
5 Iceland 73.4% 105 0 26.6% 🥉 Growing
6 Canada 68.8% 2,939 4 31.2% 🥉 Growing
7 Germany 67.8% 4,364 47 32.2% 🥉 Growing
8 Portugal 67.1% 2,160 1 32.9% 🥉 Growing
9 France 66.7% 6,206 15 33.3% 🥉 Growing
10 Greece 65.8% 1,080 1 34.2% 🥉 Growing
11 Slovenia 65.7% 136 0 34.3% 🥉 Growing
12 Netherlands 64.8% 582 10 35.2% 🥉 Growing
13 Switzerland 64.7% 1,332 16 35.3% 🥉 Growing
14 Denmark 63.0% 951 0 37.0% 🥉 Growing
15 Sweden 62.8% 1,023 1 37.2% 🥉 Growing
16 United Kingdom 62.8% 11,764 7 37.2% 🥉 Growing
17 Romania 62.2% 216 3 37.8% 🥉 Growing
18 Czechia 62.1% 499 0 37.9% 🥉 Growing
19 Slovakia 60.1% 250 0 39.9% 🥉 Growing
20 Belgium 59.6% 735 4 40.4% 🥉 Growing
21 Croatia 58.7% 149 0 41.3% 🥉 Growing
22 Spain 57.1% 3,071 2 42.9% 🥉 Growing
23 Bulgaria 56.7% 173 0 43.3% 🥉 Growing
24 Hungary 53.7% 163 2 46.3% 🥉 Growing
25 Austria 52.2% 412 0 47.8% 🥉 Growing
26 Estonia 51.0% 196 0 49.0% 🥉 Growing
27 Ireland 50.9% 254 0 49.1% 🥉 Growing
28 Poland 48.7% 6,721 36 51.3% 🥉 Growing
29 Cyprus 48.3% 14 0 51.7% 🥉 Growing
30 Luxembourg 47.1% 256 0 52.9% 🥉 Growing
31 Italy 45.4% 2,206 5 54.6% 🥉 Growing
32 Latvia 39.0% 299 0 61.0% ⚠️ Legacy-heavy

Social Media Scan by Country

Available: all government pages tracked in our domain list. Reachable: of those scanned, pages that returned a valid HTTP response (not an error or timeout). Sov. Score: Digital Sovereignty Score — % of reachable pages with no social media or modern-only social presence. Tier columns classify each page by its overall social media presence; platform columns count pages with at least one link to that platform, so a page may appear in more than one platform column. Both describe each page as of its most recent successful scan: a page that removed a link no longer counts, and a failed scan leaves the page as it was last seen.

Country Scanned Available Reachable Sov. Score No Social Legacy-only Twitter X Facebook LinkedIn TikTok YouTube Modern Mixed Bluesky Blacksky Gander Mastodon Scan Period
Austria 822 822 789 52.2% 412 359 32 24 351 187 19 258 0 18 18 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Belgium 1,329 1,329 1,239 59.6% 735 458 161 78 454 329 21 39 4 42 26 0 0 20 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Bulgaria 353 353 305 56.7% 173 132 22 6 114 11 2 63 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Canada 4,469 4,469 4,279 68.8% 2,939 1,288 458 144 1,232 575 20 140 4 48 51 0 0 1 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Croatia 257 257 254 58.7% 149 105 47 15 98 35 22 68 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Czechia 866 866 804 62.1% 499 305 129 32 277 40 0 123 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Denmark 1,536 1,536 1,509 63.0% 951 541 157 18 451 324 0 35 0 17 17 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Estonia 401 401 384 51.0% 196 188 57 1 183 70 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Finland 199 199 189 76.7% 145 43 11 6 31 34 0 25 0 1 1 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
France 10,009 10,009 9,321 66.7% 6,206 2,965 1,465 620 2,701 1,709 214 325 15 135 131 0 0 36 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Germany 6,599 6,599 6,502 67.8% 4,364 1,846 1,101 197 1,641 643 141 237 47 245 137 0 0 226 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Greece 1,752 1,752 1,643 65.8% 1,080 561 230 68 539 128 13 112 1 1 0 0 0 2 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Hungary 392 392 307 53.7% 163 142 26 0 138 15 18 15 2 0 0 0 0 2 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Iceland 145 145 143 73.4% 105 38 6 6 38 7 6 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Ireland 536 536 499 50.9% 254 230 139 39 207 103 21 29 0 15 12 0 0 3 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Italy 5,351 5,351 4,874 45.4% 2,206 2,645 1,997 148 2,524 580 44 262 5 18 0 0 0 23 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Latvia 803 803 767 39.0% 299 457 283 59 450 177 26 61 0 11 5 0 0 6 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Lithuania 122 122 114 74.6% 85 29 5 1 29 18 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Luxembourg 573 573 543 47.1% 256 146 176 9 264 229 14 30 0 141 141 0 0 3 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Malta 610 610 595 74.1% 441 154 42 15 147 62 10 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Netherlands 945 945 913 64.8% 582 256 109 85 279 208 7 34 10 65 47 0 0 33 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Norway 249 249 243 76.1% 183 58 9 13 39 45 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Poland 14,951 14,951 13,882 48.7% 6,721 7,075 1,017 342 6,993 813 535 702 36 50 1 0 0 85 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Portugal 3,508 3,508 3,219 67.1% 2,160 1,051 343 84 999 253 42 152 1 7 2 0 0 6 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Cyprus 29 29 29 48.3% 14 15 9 1 15 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Romania 807 807 352 62.2% 216 133 40 8 133 16 5 6 3 0 0 0 0 3 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Slovakia 442 442 416 60.1% 250 165 19 12 161 62 10 11 0 1 1 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Slovenia 214 214 207 65.7% 136 70 24 7 68 12 6 7 0 1 1 0 0 0 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Spain 6,091 6,091 5,386 57.1% 3,071 2,233 1,618 501 1,763 538 160 202 2 80 72 0 0 10 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Sweden 1,702 1,702 1,631 62.8% 1,023 593 82 21 506 419 26 20 1 14 14 0 0 1 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
Switzerland 2,123 2,123 2,084 64.7% 1,332 667 228 226 251 573 12 108 16 69 55 0 0 32 Aug 2026 – Oct 2026
United Kingdom 19,511 19,511 18,731 62.8% 11,764 6,836 3,618 1,007 6,181 2,434 227 460 7 124 126 0 0 5 Aug 2026 – Nov 2026
Total 87,696 87,696 82,153 60.0% 49,110 31,784 13,660 3,793 29,257 10,652 1,621 3,603 156 1,103 858 0 0 499 —

Hover or focus any non-zero country-table count to preview matching pages. Activate the number to keep the preview open. Full machine-readable data is available as the social-media-data.json artifact (machine-readable JSON).

Overview

The social media scanner fetches each government page and inspects the HTML for links to known social platforms. Results are stored in the metadata database and published to this site via the Scan Progress Report.

Scans run automatically every 8 hours via GitHub Actions so that the full set of ~88,000 URLs across 32 countries can be covered gradually without overloading government servers.

Platforms Tracked

Legacy Social Media (older, centralised platforms)

Platform Domains detected
Twitter twitter.com
X x.com
Facebook facebook.com, fb.com
LinkedIn linkedin.com
TikTok tiktok.com, m.tiktok.com, vm.tiktok.com
YouTube youtube.com, m.youtube.com, youtu.be

Modern / Open Social Media (decentralised or open platforms)

Platform Domains detected
Bluesky bsky.app, bsky.social
Blacksky blacksky.community (an AT Protocol app, like Bluesky)
Gander gander.social, gandersocial.ca (a Canadian AT Protocol app)
Mastodon / Fediverse 40+ known instances + /@username pattern detection

The /@username pattern is only applied to hosts that are not listed above. Threads, Medium and Substack also use /@username addresses but are not counted as Mastodon. Threads lets some accounts federate with Mastodon, but it is run by Meta, so it is not treated as an open platform.

Tier Classification

Each scanned page is assigned one of five tiers:

Tier Meaning
unreachable Page could not be fetched (network error, timeout, 4xx/5xx)
no_social Page is reachable but contains no recognised social media links
twitter_only Page links only to legacy platforms (Twitter, X, Facebook, LinkedIn, TikTok or YouTube)
modern_only Page links only to modern / open platforms (Bluesky, Blacksky, Gander or Mastodon)
mixed Page links to at least one legacy platform and at least one modern platform

Viewing Results

Scan Progress Report

The Scan Progress Report is regenerated after every scan and shows per-country breakdowns including:

  • Total URLs scanned and reachable count
  • Tier distribution (twitter-only / modern / mixed / no-social / unreachable)
  • Per-platform link counts (Twitter, X, Bluesky, Mastodon)
  • Date range showing when each country was last scanned

GitHub Actions Artifacts

Each workflow run also uploads a scan artifact containing:

  • data/metadata.db — the full SQLite results database
  • social-scan-output.txt — the raw scan log
  • data/toon-seeds/countries/**_social.toon — annotated TOON files

To download artifacts:

  1. Go to GitHub Actions → Scan Social Media Links
  2. Click on the relevant workflow run
  3. Scroll to the Artifacts section at the bottom of the run summary page
  4. Download social-scan-<run_number> to inspect the database or TOON files

Running a Scan Manually

  1. Go to Actions → Scan Social Media Links
  2. Click Run workflow
  3. Optionally enter a country code (e.g. ICELAND) or leave blank to scan all
  4. Optionally adjust the rate limit (default: 1.0 req/sec)

Via the command line

# Scan a single country
python3 -m src.cli.scan_social_media --country ICELAND --rate-limit 1.0

# Scan all countries (with a 110-minute runtime cap)
python3 -m src.cli.scan_social_media --all --max-runtime 110 --rate-limit 1.0

Output Format

Annotated TOON file (*_social.toon)

Each scanned page entry gains a social_media field. A page that could not be fetched gets a social_media_error field holding the error message instead.

{
  "url": "https://example.gov/",
  "is_root_page": true,
  "social_media": {
    "tier": "mixed",
    "twitter": ["https://twitter.com/example_gov"],
    "x": [],
    "bluesky": ["https://bsky.app/profile/example.bsky.social"],
    "mastodon": [],
    "facebook": [],
    "linkedin": [],
    "tiktok": [],
    "youtube": [],
    "blacksky": [],
    "gander": []
  }
}

Database table (url_social_media_results)

Column Type Description
url TEXT Page URL
country_code TEXT Country identifier (e.g. ICELAND)
scan_id TEXT Unique scan run identifier
is_reachable INTEGER 1 = reachable, 0 = not reachable
twitter_links TEXT JSON list of twitter.com hrefs found
x_links TEXT JSON list of x.com hrefs found
facebook_links TEXT JSON list of facebook.com / fb.com hrefs found
linkedin_links TEXT JSON list of linkedin.com hrefs found
tiktok_links TEXT JSON list of TikTok hrefs found
youtube_links TEXT JSON list of YouTube hrefs found
bluesky_links TEXT JSON list of Bluesky hrefs found
blacksky_links TEXT JSON list of Blacksky hrefs found
gander_links TEXT JSON list of Gander hrefs found
mastodon_links TEXT JSON list of Mastodon hrefs found
social_tier TEXT Tier classification (see above)
scanned_at TEXT ISO-8601 timestamp of scan

Countries Covered

Scans cover all 27 EU member states plus 5 allied nations:

Region Countries
EU member states Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Cyprus, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden
Allied nations Canada, Iceland, Norway, Switzerland, United Kingdom

See also the Government Domains page for a full listing of all domains tracked per country.

Architecture

flowchart TD
    A["scan-social-media.yml\n(GitHub Actions, every 8 hours)"]
    A --> B["scan_social_media.py (CLI)"]
    B --> C["SocialMediaScannerJob.scan_country()"]
    C --> D["SocialMediaScanner.scan_urls_batch()"]
    D --> E["For each URL"]
    E --> F["httpx.get() → HTML content"]
    F --> G["BeautifulSoup → extract href links\nMatch against platform patterns"]
    G --> H["Classify into social_tier"]
    H --> I["Save to url_social_media_results table"]
    I --> J["Write *_social.toon output file"]