www.cdc.gov: Accessibility — week 2026-W31

Automated Accessibility Conformance Report (OpenACR): Download ACR. Machine-readable; compatible with GSA OpenACR tooling. Automated tools find ~⅓ of real barriers — supplement with manual AT testing.

Training priorities

Top WCAG success criteria by pages affected this week. Use these to focus team training on the highest-impact issues.

SC	Criterion	Pages	Rules
1.4.3	Contrast (Minimum)	889	2
1.1.1	Non-text Content (images, icons)	784	2
2.5.5	WCAG 2.5.5	775	1
3.1.1	Language of Page	752	2
1.4.6	WCAG 1.4.6	672	1

Next 10 actions

Clusters are fingerprinted by normalized selector path + rule id + snippet shape. Rank score = (severity weight × pages affected) / distinct components for the rule. This supersedes the template threshold heuristic while still surfacing it as a validation signal.

Top 10 clustered component fixes for this week.
Cluster	Severity	Pages	Who it affects	How to fix	Evidence	Decision
<html> element must have a lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~600 finding(s) on 600 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Serious	600	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Form elements should have a visible label · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~157 finding(s) on 157 page(s). XPath / selector: `.smallfield` `<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insérer un courriel" value="Insérer un courriel" onfocus="this.value=''">`	Serious	157	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should have one main landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~659 finding(s) on 659 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Moderate	659	Requires manual testing.	Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Form elements must have labels · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~201 finding(s) on 201 page(s). XPath / selector: `#searchBox` `<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">`	Critical	201	Without vision, Limited vision, Limited manipulation/strength	Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Page should contain a level-one heading · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~157 finding(s) on 157 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">`	Moderate	157	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document has a valid lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~152 finding(s) on 152 page(s). XPath / selector: `<html>`	Moderate	152	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should have one main landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~200 finding(s) on 200 page(s). XPath / selector: `#js` `<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" id="js">`	Moderate	200	Requires manual testing.	Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~843 finding(s) on 843 page(s). XPath / selector: `.page-right-rail__static` `<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">`	Moderate	843	Requires manual testing.	When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~58 finding(s) on 42 page(s). XPath / selector: `big` `<big><strong>Note:</strong></big>`	Moderate	42	Requires manual testing.	Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Images must have alternative text · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~440 finding(s) on 440 page(s). XPath / selector: `img[height="10"][alt=" "][src$="spacer.gif"]` `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" alt=" " border="0">`	Critical	440	Without vision, Limited vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes

Bug reports

34 issue type(s) are shown by default out of 82 total. Prioritized by severity, key pages, WCAG level, and prevalence; use the toggle to show everything.

Overall severity mix: 7 critical, 19 serious, 51 moderate, 5 minor. By WCAG category: 32 WCAG 2.0 A, 4 WCAG 2.0 AA, 1 WCAG 2.1 A, 1 WCAG 2.2 AA, 5 WCAG 2.x AAA, 18 Best Practice, 21 Undetermined. Ordered by severity, key-page impact, WCAG level, and prevalence. Following accessibility bug-reporting best practices. Download: Markdown · JSON (full archive) · JSON (AI diagnostic) · CSV (all findings) · Priority pages CSV · Priority pages JSON.

Automated testing does not establish full WCAG conformance. Findings in the verification lane require manual testing before they are treated as confirmed failures.

The 50 highest-priority findings are shown in full; 32 more lower-priority finding(s) are summarised at the end of the page, and every finding is in the CSV/JSON downloads.

1 finding(s) marked "possible duplicate" — Alfa and axe-core both flagged the same WCAG SC on overlapping pages. If they target the same element, the axe-core report is authoritative. Filter the CSV by possible_duplicate_of to see these. Two engines flagging the same barrier reduces the chance of a false positive.

Findings needing review

These findings need manual verification before they can be treated as confirmed failures. Obligation remains visible for each finding.

Serious axe color-contrast WCAG 2.0 AA Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3) 658/3333 pages · 1079 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-07b940ef
Pattern ID: VS-be8d563e
Combined ID: VS-07b940ef (pattern VS-be8d563e) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm?s_cid=mm5931a4_w
XPath / selector: font
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: <a href="mailto:mmwrq@cdc.gov">mmwrq@cdc.gov</a>

Description

Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 658 of 3333 scanned pages (1079 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm?s_cid=mm5931a4_w.
Locate the element: font
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 658 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe image-alt WCAG 2.0 A Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1) 627/3333 pages · 6904 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-a7489461
Pattern ID: VS-9074b4dd
Combined ID: VS-a7489461 (pattern VS-9074b4dd) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Images must have alternative text [image-alt]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: img[height="8"][alt=" "][width="140"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8">

Description

Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 627 of 3333 scanned pages (6904 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: img[height="8"][alt=" "][width="140"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 627 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe html-has-lang WCAG 2.0 A <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 600/3333 pages · 600 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-cfb1b1bf
Pattern ID: VS-c126b6a6
Combined ID: VS-cfb1b1bf (pattern VS-c126b6a6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 600 of 3333 scanned pages (600 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 600 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-name WCAG 2.0 A Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4) 246/3333 pages · 835 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-bfad5e30
Pattern ID: VS-e9fe47ac
Combined ID: VS-bfad5e30 (pattern VS-e9fe47ac) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must have discernible text [link-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>

Description

Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 246 of 3333 scanned pages (835 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 246 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe label WCAG 2.0 A Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2) 208/3333 pages · 208 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d46ce944
Pattern ID: VS-fafffee0
Combined ID: VS-d46ce944 (pattern VS-fafffee0) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Form elements must have labels [label]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm?s_cid=mm5931a4_w
XPath / selector: #searchBox
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">

Description

Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 208 of 3333 scanned pages (208 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm?s_cid=mm5931a4_w.
Locate the element: #searchBox
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 208 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-in-text-block WCAG 2.0 A Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1) 59/3333 pages · 68 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-5b685d21
Pattern ID: VS-8ade3360
Combined ID: VS-5b685d21 (pattern VS-8ade3360) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htm
XPath / selector: .List-1:nth-child(110) > .List-BUL:nth-child(1) > a
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/hpv.html">http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/hpv.html</a>

Description

Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 59 of 3333 scanned pages (68 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htm.
Locate the element: .List-1:nth-child(110) > .List-BUL:nth-child(1) > a
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

Impact

Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Without color perception — 4.5% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 59 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe list WCAG 2.0 A <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1) 36/3333 pages · 64 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-038316f9
Pattern ID: VS-a0bdbdf6
Combined ID: VS-038316f9 (pattern VS-a0bdbdf6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: ol
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<ol type="1">

Description

<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 36 of 3333 scanned pages (64 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: ol
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 36 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe scrollable-region-focusable WCAG 2.0 A Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1) 27/3333 pages · 51 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d6139eae
Pattern ID: VS-c613c153
Combined ID: VS-d6139eae (pattern VS-c613c153) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.1.1 Keyboard (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm
XPath / selector: .table-responsive
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="table-responsive">

Description

Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 27 of 3333 scanned pages (51 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm.
Locate the element: .table-responsive
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 27 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe frame-title WCAG 2.0 A Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 27/3333 pages · 45 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-a2723fd8
Pattern ID: VS-3f76c7ea
Combined ID: VS-a2723fd8 (pattern VS-3f76c7ea) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/caring/datos-sobre-el-fentanilo.html
XPath / selector: iframe
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/0v13jqToXVg?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.

Description

Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 27 of 3333 scanned pages (45 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/stop-overdose/es/caring/datos-sobre-el-fentanilo.html.
Locate the element: iframe
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 27 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe select-name WCAG 2.0 A Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 13/3333 pages · 26 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d5e11cdf
Pattern ID: VS-fab92378
Combined ID: VS-d5e11cdf (pattern VS-fab92378) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm
XPath / selector: #year_group
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<select id="year_group" class="filter_dropdowns" style="width:100%">

Description

Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 13 of 3333 scanned pages (26 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm.
Locate the element: #year_group
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe nested-interactive WCAG 2.0 A Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2) 7/3333 pages · 67 instances

Bug ID: VS-a2bdbc7a
Pattern ID: VS-58301a87
Combined ID: VS-a2bdbc7a (pattern VS-58301a87) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/talk-testing.html
XPath / selector: #acc-header-5
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-5" href="#acc-panel-5" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-5" aria-controls="acc-panel-5" aria-expanded="f

Description

Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (67 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/talk-testing.html.
Locate the element: #acc-header-5
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe td-headers-attr WCAG 2.0 A Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1) 7/3333 pages · 10 instances

Bug ID: VS-b061007c
Pattern ID: VS-07ba3b17
Combined ID: VS-b061007c (pattern VS-07ba3b17) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl [td-headers-attr]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm
XPath / selector: table
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<table class="table table-striped bg-gray-l1" summary="Procedure Report: Detailed and/or summarized report" frame="box" rules="none" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="7">

Description

Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 7 of 3333 scanned pages (10 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm.
Locate the element: table
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-command-name WCAG 2.0 A ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 6/3333 pages · 59 instances

Bug ID: VS-0fc031d2
Pattern ID: VS-5c82bd60
Combined ID: VS-0fc031d2 (pattern VS-5c82bd60) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html
XPath / selector: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi

Description

ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 6 of 3333 scanned pages (59 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html.
Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe listitem WCAG 2.0 A <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1) 6/3333 pages · 30 instances

Bug ID: VS-c986a237
Pattern ID: VS-6175596b
Combined ID: VS-c986a237 (pattern VS-6175596b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/budget-funding/policy-as-public-health-intervention-hiv-viral-hepatitis-stds-tb.html
XPath / selector: div[data-section="cdc_program_funding_recipents"] > .table.dfe-table.table-no-header > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<li>Temple University Center for Public Health Law Research (Philadelphia, PA)</li>

Description

<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 6 of 3333 scanned pages (30 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/budget-funding/policy-as-public-health-intervention-hiv-viral-hepatitis-stds-tb.html.
Locate the element: div[data-section="cdc_program_funding_recipents"] > .table.dfe-table.table-no-header > .table-body[role="rowgroup"] > .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe blink WCAG 2.0 A <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2) 5/3333 pages · 6 instances

Bug ID: VS-d90f0b0c
Pattern ID: VS-4b45acfe
Combined ID: VS-d90f0b0c (pattern VS-4b45acfe) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a2.htm
XPath / selector: td[width="100%"][valign="top"] > font[color="#FF0000"] > blink
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<blink><big><strong>Note:</strong></big></blink>

Description

<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 5 of 3333 scanned pages (6 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a2.htm.
Locate the element: td[width="100%"][valign="top"] > font[color="#FF0000"] > blink
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe button-name WCAG 2.0 A Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 3 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-cbbb9861
Pattern ID: VS-e7298c00
Combined ID: VS-cbbb9861 (pattern VS-e7298c00) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/es/prevention/prevenir-el-vih-con-la-prep.html
XPath / selector: #search__icon
History: first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W31 (5 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>

Description

Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/es/prevention/prevenir-el-vih-con-la-prep.html.
Locate the element: #search__icon
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-required-children WCAG 2.0 A Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children (WCAG 1.3.1) 2/3333 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-a764ac33
Pattern ID: VS-9429bb8d
Combined ID: VS-a764ac33 (pattern VS-9429bb8d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children [aria-required-children]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Frespiratory-viruses%2Fdata-research%2Fdashboard%2Factivity-levels.html
XPath / selector: .combobox-select
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<ul class="combobox-select" role="listbox">

Description

Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-children on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Frespiratory-viruses%2Fdata-research%2Fdashboard%2Factivity-levels.html.
Locate the element: .combobox-select
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-children against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add the child roles this container role requires (e.g. a list needs listitem children).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-children?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-allowed-attr WCAG 2.0 A Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-0c22ab32
Pattern ID: VS-1467ea8a
Combined ID: VS-0c22ab32 (pattern VS-1467ea8a) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes [aria-allowed-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/psc/claims/index.html
XPath / selector: p[aria-level="1"]
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (5 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<p aria-level="1">

Description

Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-attr on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/psc/claims/index.html.
Locate the element: p[aria-level="1"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Remove ARIA attributes that aren't allowed on this role/element.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-prohibited-attr WCAG 2.0 A Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 16 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-b59dbc84
Pattern ID: VS-ebb1c464
Combined ID: VS-b59dbc84 (pattern VS-ebb1c464) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherprovidertk0040
XPath / selector: #UNIQUE3056890ef409a144
History: first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W31 (4 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE3056890ef409a144" aria-label="Carousel">

Description

Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (16 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherprovidertk0040.
Locate the element: #UNIQUE3056890ef409a144
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe valid-lang WCAG 2.0 AA lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2) 2/3333 pages · 3 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-2e6e53af
Pattern ID: VS-dd1c019f
Combined ID: VS-2e6e53af (pattern VS-dd1c019f) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.2 Language of Parts (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html
XPath / selector: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (4 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a lang="__" class="cdc-block-link" href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/12/how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjobal-poster.pdf" aria-label="Download" download="how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjob

Description

lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 2 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html.
Locate the element: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-required-parent WCAG 2.0 A Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents (WCAG 1.3.1) 1/3333 pages · 10 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-6c6baabf
Pattern ID: VS-f6d344d5
Combined ID: VS-6c6baabf (pattern VS-f6d344d5) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents [aria-required-parent]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm
XPath / selector: g[transform="translate(8,25)"]
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W31 (3 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<g class="legenditem" role="listitem" transform="translate(8,25)"><rect x="25" y="0" width="55" stroke="#d3d3d3" stroke-width="1px" height="12" class="rect" style="fill: rgb(54, 79, 102);"></rect></g>

Description

Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-parent on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (10 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm.
Locate the element: g[transform="translate(8,25)"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-parent against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Place this ARIA role inside its required parent role (e.g. an option must be inside a listbox).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-input-field-name WCAG 2.0 A ARIA input fields must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 1/3333 pages · 1 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-8cc81d57
Pattern ID: VS-0841abc2
Combined ID: VS-8cc81d57 (pattern VS-0841abc2) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — ARIA input fields must have an accessible name [aria-input-field-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Frespiratory-viruses%2Fdata-research%2Fdashboard%2Factivity-levels.html
XPath / selector: .combobox-select
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W31 (5 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<ul class="combobox-select" role="listbox">

Description

ARIA input fields must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-input-field-name on 1 of 3333 scanned pages (1 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html?CDC_AAref_Val=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Frespiratory-viruses%2Fdata-research%2Fdashboard%2Factivity-levels.html.
Locate the element: .combobox-select
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-input-field-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-input-field-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe region Best Practice All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined) 3082/3333 pages · 24457 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-a5ecb04f
Pattern ID: VS-f18df681
Combined ID: VS-a5ecb04f (pattern VS-f18df681) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: table[cellpadding="0"][width="100%"]:nth-child(5) > tbody > tr:nth-child(2)
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<tr>

Description

All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 3082 of 3333 scanned pages (24457 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"][width="100%"]:nth-child(5) > tbody > tr:nth-child(2)
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 3082 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe label-title-only Best Practice Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined) 157/3333 pages · 157 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d98901c7
Pattern ID: VS-33841929
Combined ID: VS-d98901c7 (pattern VS-33841929) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: .smallfield
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="Insérer un courriel" value="Insérer un courriel" onfocus="this.value=''">

Description

Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 157 of 3333 scanned pages (157 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: .smallfield
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 157 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe tabindex Best Practice Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined) 4/3333 pages · 10 instances

Bug ID: VS-9d920f02
Pattern ID: VS-7430f84c
Combined ID: VS-9d920f02 (pattern VS-7430f84c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/
XPath / selector: a[href$="#content"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (3 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a class="skippy visually-hidden-focusable" href="#content" tabindex="1">Skip to site content</a>

Description

Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 4 of 3333 scanned pages (10 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/.
Locate the element: a[href$="#content"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-dialog-name Best Practice ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined) 3/3333 pages · 3 instances

Bug ID: VS-813817a6
Pattern ID: VS-fa724f90
Combined ID: VS-813817a6 (pattern VS-fa724f90) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/autism-data-visualization-tool.html
XPath / selector: #tooltip-\:r9\:
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W31 (3 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a id="tooltip-:r9:" role="dialog" tabindex="0" class="cove-tooltip--target" data-tooltip-float="false" data-tooltip-place="top" data-tooltip-isopen="true">

Description

ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 3 of 3333 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/autism/data-research/autism-data-visualization-tool.html.
Locate the element: #tooltip-\:r9\:
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r113 WCAG 2.2 AA Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8) 298/3333 pages · 3585 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c66693d7
Pattern ID: VS-179ad9b3
Combined ID: VS-c66693d7 (pattern VS-179ad9b3) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.2 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.2)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html
XPath / selector: <a href="#nav-group-ed3cb" class="nav-plus nav-expandcollapse" data-toggle="collapse" aria-controls="nav-group-ed3cb">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 298 of 3333 scanned pages (3585 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html.
Locate the element: <a href="#nav-group-ed3cb" class="nav-plus nav-expandcollapse" data-toggle="collapse" aria-controls="nav-group-ed3cb">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 298 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r69 WCAG 2.0 AA Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3) 231/3333 pages · 1350 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-ef6a6507
Pattern ID: VS-f7e99f4b
Combined ID: VS-ef6a6507 (pattern VS-f7e99f4b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-conditions/health-services/index.html
XPath / selector: text: "Related Pages"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 231 of 3333 scanned pages (1350 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/school-health-conditions/health-services/index.html.
Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 231 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r2 WCAG 2.0 A Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1) 157/3333 pages · 1895 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-26864430
Pattern ID: VS-a24eaa8c
Combined ID: VS-26864430 (pattern VS-a24eaa8c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Image has accessible name [sia-r2]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 157 of 3333 scanned pages (1895 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 157 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r4 WCAG 2.0 A Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 152/3333 pages · 152 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d58256b8
Pattern ID: VS-7a0e5645
Combined ID: VS-d58256b8 (pattern VS-7a0e5645) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: <html>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 152 of 3333 scanned pages (152 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: <html>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 152 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r68 WCAG 2.0 A Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1) 99/3333 pages · 1242 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-1c9985c0
Pattern ID: VS-d6097011
Combined ID: VS-1c9985c0 (pattern VS-d6097011) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/whipworms.html
XPath / selector: <ul>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 99 of 3333 scanned pages (1242 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/sth/about/whipworms.html.
Locate the element: <ul>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 99 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r14 WCAG 2.1 A Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3) 93/3333 pages · 166 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-6050815c
Pattern ID: VS-f7dba940
Combined ID: VS-6050815c (pattern VS-f7dba940) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.1 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.3 Label in Name (Level A, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html
XPath / selector: <a aria-label="View" target="_blank" class="cdc-block-link" href="/respiratory-viruses/tools-resources/downloads/FS-TestTreat-BW-Eng.pdf">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 93 of 3333 scanned pages (166 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html.
Locate the element: <a aria-label="View" target="_blank" class="cdc-block-link" href="/respiratory-viruses/tools-resources/downloads/FS-TestTreat-BW-Eng.pdf">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Without speech — 0.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 93 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r11 WCAG 2.0 A Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4) 72/3333 pages · 251 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-b1b7ad23
Pattern ID: VS-28ebd979
Combined ID: VS-b1b7ad23 (pattern VS-28ebd979) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link has accessible name [sia-r11]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 72 of 3333 scanned pages (251 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 72 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r8 WCAG 2.0 A Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 62/3333 pages · 66 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2020d2af
Pattern ID: VS-a48e6078
Combined ID: VS-2020d2af (pattern VS-a48e6078) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a26.htm?s_cid=su6203a26_w
XPath / selector: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 62 of 3333 scanned pages (66 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a26.htm?s_cid=su6203a26_w.
Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 62 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe heading-order Best Practice Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined) 1046/3333 pages · 1508 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2acdf22d
Pattern ID: VS-d25f622d
Combined ID: VS-2acdf22d (pattern VS-d25f622d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: h4
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<h4>Ann M. Annis, RN, MPH, Mark S. Caulder, MS, MPH, Michelle L. Cook, MPH, 
    Debra Duquette, MS, CGC</h4>

Description

Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 1046 of 3333 scanned pages (1508 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: h4
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 1046 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-one-main Best Practice Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 864/3333 pages · 864 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-300313e2
Pattern ID: VS-d5d82446
Combined ID: VS-300313e2 (pattern VS-d5d82446) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 864 of 3333 scanned pages (864 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 864 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-unique Best Practice Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined) 855/3333 pages · 873 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-5d6d99ce
Pattern ID: VS-8806389c
Combined ID: VS-5d6d99ce (pattern VS-8806389c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c [landmark-unique]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nndss/technical-resource-center/mvps.html
XPath / selector: .page-right-rail__static
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">

Description

Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 855 of 3333 scanned pages (873 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/nndss/technical-resource-center/mvps.html.
Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 855 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r111 WCAG 2.x AAA Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5) 775/3333 pages · 24151 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-940c97b7
Pattern ID: VS-cb53cc4d
Combined ID: VS-940c97b7 (pattern VS-cb53cc4d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html
XPath / selector: <a href="#print" class="print-link" aria-label="print this page" onclick="window.print()">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 775 of 3333 scanned pages (24151 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html.
Locate the element: <a href="#print" class="print-link" aria-label="print this page" onclick="window.print()">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 775 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r66 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6) 672/3333 pages · 20135 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2ee3b46c
Pattern ID: VS-646b1e0b
Combined ID: VS-2ee3b46c (pattern VS-646b1e0b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html
XPath / selector: text: "An official website of the United States government "
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 672 of 3333 scanned pages (20135 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html.
Locate the element: text: "An official website of the United States government "
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 672 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r57 Undetermined Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined) 546/3333 pages · 7864 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-f20c9439
Pattern ID: VS-c18be945
Combined ID: VS-f20c9439 (pattern VS-c18be945) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html
XPath / selector: text: "Skip directly to search"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 546 of 3333 scanned pages (7864 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html.
Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 546 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r18 Undetermined aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined) 377/3333 pages · 401 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-86243c86
Pattern ID: VS-e05344b9
Combined ID: VS-86243c86 (pattern VS-e05344b9) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html
XPath / selector: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 377 of 3333 scanned pages (401 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html.
Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 377 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r74 WCAG 2.x AAA Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8) 310/3333 pages · 2525 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-eb80995d
Pattern ID: VS-fbf54eba
Combined ID: VS-eb80995d (pattern VS-fbf54eba) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 310 of 3333 scanned pages (2525 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 310 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r73 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8) 281/3333 pages · 43232 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-d97b8933
Pattern ID: VS-2208081b
Combined ID: VS-d97b8933 (pattern VS-2208081b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: <p>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 281 of 3333 scanned pages (43232 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: <p>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 281 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r53 Undetermined Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined) 281/3333 pages · 404 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-6e8f0369
Pattern ID: VS-f054f4a4
Combined ID: VS-6e8f0369 (pattern VS-f054f4a4) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html
XPath / selector: <h3>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 281 of 3333 scanned pages (404 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html.
Locate the element: <h3>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 281 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r70 Undetermined No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined) 200/3333 pages · 200 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-877b99fa
Pattern ID: VS-3d033717
Combined ID: VS-877b99fa (pattern VS-3d033717) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm
XPath / selector: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 200 of 3333 scanned pages (200 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm.
Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 200 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

Triage status Notes

Minor axe aria-allowed-role Best Practice ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined) 164/3333 pages · 172 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-b4fe3575
Pattern ID: VS-4fac2f41
Combined ID: VS-b4fe3575 (pattern VS-4fac2f41) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html
XPath / selector: img[role="presentation"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="/respiratory-viruses/media/images/2025/12/TestTreat-Handout.png" alt="Handout: Testing and Treatment (Color, 11x8.5 in)" role="presentation">

Description

ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 164 of 3333 scanned pages (172 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html.
Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 164 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe page-has-heading-one Best Practice Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined) 157/3333 pages · 157 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-26be1b7f
Pattern ID: VS-fa44f293
Combined ID: VS-26be1b7f (pattern VS-fa44f293) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">

Description

Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 157 of 3333 scanned pages (157 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 157 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r61 Undetermined Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined) 118/3333 pages · 118 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-62728b49
Pattern ID: VS-7118fead
Combined ID: VS-62728b49 (pattern VS-7118fead) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Form field label is visible [sia-r61]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html
XPath / selector: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

Description

Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 118 of 3333 scanned pages (118 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hygiene/index.html.
Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":null,"sys
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 118 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

Triage status Notes

Moderate deprecated-html presentational-attr Undetermined Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) 85/3333 pages · 33200 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-51b86e8a
Pattern ID: VS-04a9d28c
Combined ID: VS-51b86e8a (pattern VS-04a9d28c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: deprecated-html — Presentational attribute (use CSS) [presentational-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5947md.htm?s_cid=mm5947md_w
XPath / selector: td
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<td class="data-row" align="right">
								<p class="table-data-8pt">---</p>
							</td>

Description

Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 85 of 3333 scanned pages (33200 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5947md.htm?s_cid=mm5947md_w.
Locate the element: td
Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 85 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Triage status Notes

Moderate deprecated-html font-element Undetermined Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) 64/3333 pages · 474 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-931d520f
Pattern ID: VS-91d2294a
Combined ID: VS-931d520f (pattern VS-91d2294a) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: deprecated-html — Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) [font-element]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5947md.htm?s_cid=mm5947md_w
XPath / selector: font
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W31 (8 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: <a href="mailto:mmwrq@cdc.gov">mmwrq@cdc.gov</a>

Description

Obsolete <font> element (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule font-element on 64 of 3333 scanned pages (474 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5947md.htm?s_cid=mm5947md_w.
Locate the element: font
Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule font-element.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 64 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Triage status Notes

32 more lower-priority finding(s) — summary only

Full detail — steps, affected pages, snippets — for these and every finding is in the CSV.

Severity	Finding	WCAG category	Pages
Minor	Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) [empty-table-header]	Best Practice	64
Moderate	Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r78]	Undetermined	57
Moderate	Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [big-element]	Undetermined	42
Moderate	scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined) [scope-attr-valid]	Best Practice	24
Moderate	The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined) [skip-link]	Best Practice	19
Minor	Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) [empty-heading]	Best Practice	19
Moderate	Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r60]	Undetermined	17
Moderate	Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r79]	Undetermined	16
Moderate	Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [center-element]	Undetermined	13
Moderate	Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r12]	WCAG 2.0 A	5
Moderate	Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r72]	Undetermined	4
Moderate	Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8) [sia-r80]	WCAG 2.x AAA	4
Moderate	Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r64]	WCAG 2.0 A	4
Moderate	First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r87]	Undetermined	4
Moderate	Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r40]	Undetermined	4
Moderate	Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r90]	WCAG 2.0 A	3
Moderate	Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level]	Best Practice	3
Moderate	Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]	Best Practice	3
Moderate	Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo]	Best Practice	3
Minor	Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined) [image-redundant-alt]	Best Practice	3
Moderate	Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r77]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1) [sia-r62]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r46]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Minor	Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined) [table-duplicate-name]	Best Practice	2
Moderate	Form field error is identified and described (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r75]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1) [sia-r84]	WCAG 2.0 A	1
Moderate	Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r54]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r59]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Focus is not lost after interaction (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r86]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r85]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined) [blink-element]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Zooming and scaling must not be disabled (WCAG 1.4.4) [meta-viewport]	WCAG 2.0 AA	1

Deque axe-core findings

Rule-level axe-core summary (41 rule type(s))

Each failing rule links out to the axe-core documentation. For full element-level detail including HTML snippets and XPaths, see the bug reports above.

axe-core rules failing in 2026-W31, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]	moderate	3082	24457	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /nndss/technical-resource-center/mvps.html /niosh/ocas/dupontd.html	all 3082 pages (CSV)
Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]	moderate	1046	1508	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7027e2.htm	all 1046 pages (CSV)
Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]	moderate	864	864	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm	all 864 pages (CSV)
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination [landmark-unique]	moderate	855	873	/nndss/technical-resource-center/mvps.html /nchs/linked-data/about-access/index.html /teenvaxview/about/index.html	all 855 pages (CSV)
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]	serious	658	1079	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4904a1.htm	all 658 pages (CSV)
Images must have alternative text [image-alt]	critical	627	6904	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4904a1.htm	all 627 pages (CSV)
<html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]	serious	600	600	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4904a1.htm	all 600 pages (CSV)
Links must have discernible text [link-name]	serious	246	835	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /pcd/issues/2008/apr/06_0147.htm /pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0267_es.htm	all 246 pages (CSV)
Form elements must have labels [label]	critical	208	208	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5931a4.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6347a2.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125md.htm	all 208 pages (CSV)
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]	minor	164	172	/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html /wtc/stac_faq.html /niosh/publications/numbered/2008-116.html	all 164 pages (CSV)
Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]	serious	157	157	/pcd/issues/2005/apr/04_0131_fr.htm /pcd/issues/2008/apr/06_0147.htm /pcd/issues/2011/nov/10_0267_es.htm	all 157 pages (CSV)
Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]	moderate	157	157	/hygiene/index.html /colorectal-cancer-hereditary/site.html /	all 157 pages (CSV)
Table header text should not be empty [empty-table-header]	minor	64	224	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6125md.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5947md.htm /fluview/surveillance/2025-week-40.html	all 64 pages (CSV)
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]	serious	59	68	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr6403a1.htm /infection-control/hcp/disinfection-sterilization/executive-summary.html /infection-control/hcp/mdro-management/glossary.html	all 59 pages (CSV)
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]	serious	36	64	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4904a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020048.htm	all 36 pages (CSV)
Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]	serious	27	51	/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm /fluview/surveillance/2025-week-40.html /flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html	all 27 pages (CSV)
Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]	serious	27	45	/stop-overdose/es/caring/datos-sobre-el-fentanilo.html /orr/deo /stop-overdose/about/index.html	all 27 pages (CSV)
scope attribute should be used correctly [scope-attr-valid]	moderate	24	254	/fluview/surveillance/2025-week-40.html /flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html /fluview/surveillance/2024-week-52.html	all 24 pages (CSV)
Headings should not be empty [empty-heading]	minor	19	22	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5305a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5311a3.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5111a4.htm	all 19 pages (CSV)
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable [skip-link]	moderate	19	19	/ / /niosh/docs/2005-124	all 19 pages (CSV)
Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]	critical	13	26	/nchs/hus/data-finder.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6342a6.htm /tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/with-medicine.html	all 13 pages (CSV)
Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]	serious	7	67	/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/talk-testing.html /free-mind/about.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/depression-anxiety.html	all 7 pages (CSV)
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table [td-headers-attr]	serious	7	10	/asthma/nhis/2018/table1-2.htm /vaccines/imz-schedules/adolescent-easyread-es.html /yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html	all 7 pages (CSV)
ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]	serious	6	59	/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html /hepatitis/php/npr-2025/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html /hepatitis/php/npr-2023/hep-c-reduce-deaths-nhb.html	all 6 pages (CSV)
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]	serious	6	30	/nchhstp/budget-funding/policy-as-public-health-intervention-hiv-viral-hepatitis-stds-tb.html /pertussis/vaccines/index.html /radiation-health/safety/index.html	all 6 pages (CSV)
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]	serious	5	6	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4838a2.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5625a5.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr4906a1.htm	all 5 pages (CSV)
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]	serious	4	10	/ / /spanish	all 4 pages (CSV)
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text [image-redundant-alt]	minor	3	9	/healthcare-associated-infections/php/data/research-gaps-patient-safety.html /spanish /injury/wisqars/ecode_matrix.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
Contentinfo landmark should not be contained in another landmark [landmark-contentinfo-is-top-level]	moderate	3	3	/ / /spanish	all 3 pages (CSV)
Document should not have more than one banner landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]	moderate	3	3	/ / /spanish	all 3 pages (CSV)
Document should not have more than one contentinfo landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-contentinfo]	moderate	3	3	/ / /spanish	all 3 pages (CSV)
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]	serious	3	3	/autism/data-research/autism-data-visualization-tool.html /fluview/surveillance/2026-week-28.html /wtc/handbook.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]	serious	2	16	/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html /wtc/handbook.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]	serious	2	3	/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html /other/language-assistance.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]	critical	2	3	/hiv/es/prevention/prevenir-el-vih-con-la-prep.html /wtc/handbook.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Tables should not have the same summary and caption [table-duplicate-name]	minor	2	2	/hearing-loss-children/guidance-manual/chapter-4.html /flu/hcp/antivirals/summary-clinicians.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Certain ARIA roles must contain particular children [aria-required-children]	critical	2	2	/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html /nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes [aria-allowed-attr]	critical	2	2	/nhsn/psc/claims/index.html /nhsn/facadmin/index.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents [aria-required-parent]	critical	1	10	/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm	all 1 pages (CSV)
ARIA input fields must have an accessible name [aria-input-field-name]	serious	1	1	/respiratory-viruses/data/activity-levels.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Zooming and scaling must not be disabled [meta-viewport]	moderate	1	1	/parasites/cme/congenital_chagas/index.html	all 1 pages (CSV)

Siteimprove Alfa findings

Rule-level Alfa summary (36 rule type(s))

Rule-level summary from Siteimprove Alfa (W3C ACT-based). Findings that overlap with axe-core on the same WCAG success criterion are noted as possible duplicates in the bug reports above.

Alfa rules failing in 2026-W31, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]	n/a	775	24151	/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /hygiene/index.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm	all 775 pages (CSV)
Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]	n/a	672	20135	/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /hygiene/index.html /respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html	all 672 pages (CSV)
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]	n/a	546	7864	/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /hygiene/index.html /respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html	all 546 pages (CSV)
aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]	n/a	377	401	/hygiene/index.html /respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html /school-health-conditions/health-services/index.html	all 377 pages (CSV)
Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]	n/a	310	2525	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /pcd/issues/2019/18_0155.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm	all 310 pages (CSV)
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]	n/a	298	3585	/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm	all 298 pages (CSV)
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]	n/a	281	43232	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /pcd/issues/2019/18_0155.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm	all 281 pages (CSV)
Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]	n/a	281	404	/niosh/ocas/dupontd.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /pcd/issues/2019/18_0155.htm	all 281 pages (CSV)
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]	n/a	231	1350	/school-health-conditions/health-services/index.html /sth/about/whipworms.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/about/national-profile.html	all 231 pages (CSV)
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]	n/a	200	200	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm /pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm	all 200 pages (CSV)
Image has accessible name [sia-r2]	n/a	157	1895	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm /pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm	all 157 pages (CSV)
Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]	n/a	152	152	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00020779.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00000280.htm /pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm	all 152 pages (CSV)
Form field label is visible [sia-r61]	n/a	118	118	/hygiene/index.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a26.htm /cancer/index.html	all 118 pages (CSV)
Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]	n/a	99	1242	/sth/about/whipworms.html /autism/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html /active-people-healthy-nation/php/multimedia-tools/moving-matters-Spanish-resources.html	all 99 pages (CSV)
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]	n/a	93	166	/respiratory-viruses/php/toolkit/testing-treatment-handout.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/about/national-profile.html /autism/es/signs-symptoms/signos-y-sintomas-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-autista.html	all 93 pages (CSV)
Link has accessible name [sia-r11]	n/a	72	251	/pcd/issues/2006/apr/05_0030_es.htm /pcd/issues/2007/oct/07_0127.htm /pcd/issues/2008/oct/07_0172_zhs.htm	all 72 pages (CSV)
Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]	n/a	62	66	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su6203a26.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6111a7.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6033a2.htm	all 62 pages (CSV)
Table header has scope [sia-r78]	n/a	57	135	/active-people-healthy-nation/php/multimedia-tools/moving-matters-Spanish-resources.html /laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html /niosh/idlh/74986.html	all 57 pages (CSV)
Input purpose can be determined [sia-r60]	n/a	17	17	/pcd/issues/2013/12_0238_es.htm /mmwr/index2001.htm /pcd/issues/2013/13_0120.htm	all 17 pages (CSV)
Duplicate role landmark is labeled [sia-r79]	n/a	16	58	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056397.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00048338.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00049704.htm	all 16 pages (CSV)
Button has accessible name [sia-r12]	n/a	5	17	/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html /nchs/nvss/facility-worksheets-guide/36.htm /stophivtogether/prepared/index.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
Element role is consistent with ARIA landmark [sia-r72]	n/a	4	19	/contraception/hcp/usmec/summary-contraceptive.html /nchs/covid19/technical-linkage.htm /nchs/data-visualization/life-expectancy	all 4 pages (CSV)
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible [sia-r80]	n/a	4	13	/ /pcd/issues/2008/apr/toc.htm /pcd/collections/Health_Disparities_Collection_2018.htm	all 4 pages (CSV)
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout [sia-r40]	n/a	4	4	/rabies/location/usa/surveillance/human_rabies.html /asthma/asthma_stats/asthma_obesity.htm /healthcare-associated-infections/programs/index.html	all 4 pages (CSV)
First focusable element is link to main content [sia-r87]	n/a	4	4	/wtc/faq.html /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2025-2026/data/iliage17.html /wtc/privacy.html	all 4 pages (CSV)
Element has required owned roles [sia-r64]	n/a	4	4	/mmwr/volumes/74/wr/mm7401a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5403a1.htm /mmwr/volumes/74/ss/ss7405a1.htm	all 4 pages (CSV)
Component with same name serves same purpose [sia-r90]	n/a	3	60	/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/depression-anxiety.html /brfss/state_info/coordinators.htm /tb/statistics/reports/2022/drug_resistant.htm	all 3 pages (CSV)
Table cell has header [sia-r77]	n/a	2	58	/niosh/nmam/method-cas9.html /flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2023-2024/week18.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color [sia-r62]	n/a	2	28	/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/depression-anxiety.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/enfermedades/tabaquismo-vih.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Element has required aria-owns [sia-r46]	n/a	2	4	/hepatitis-surveillance-2022/perinatal-hepatitis-b/table-4-1.html /pcd/issues/2013/12_0106.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Form field error is identified and described [sia-r75]	n/a	1	8	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5918a5.htm	all 1 pages (CSV)
sia-r84	n/a	1	3	/healthcare-associated-infections/hcp/cleaning-global/appendix-a.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Assertive live region is marked as atomic [sia-r54]	n/a	1	1	/hepatitis-a/outbreaks/frozen-strawberries-2023/timeline.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Element with orientation is not locked [sia-r59]	n/a	1	1	/flu/weekly/weeklyarchives2025-2026/data/iliage17.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Focus is not lost after interaction [sia-r86]	n/a	1	1	/nhsn/psc/aur/saar-rebaseline.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Keyboard trap does not exist [sia-r85]	n/a	1	1	/nchs/data-visualization/natality-trends	all 1 pages (CSV)

Unique accessibility issues (axe + Alfa consolidated)

axe and Alfa both implement W3C ACT rules, so the same issue is often caught by both. These are deduplicated by ACT rule and page, so a shared finding counts once (13871 raw engine findings → 13416 unique).

Unique issues (rule × page): 13416
Caught by both engines: 451 highest confidence
axe only: 8562
Alfa only: 4403

7 rule type(s) caught by both engines — highest confidence

Two independent ACT-rule implementations (Deque axe-core and Siteimprove Alfa) flagged the same issue on the same pages. Agreement between separate engines is strong evidence the barrier is real, not a single-tool false positive — the best place to start.

Rules flagged by both axe-core and Alfa in 2026-W31, by pages affected.
Issue	Pages	Rule references
Images must have alternative text	627	axe image-alt · Alfa sia-r2 · ACT 23a2a8
<html> element must have a lang attribute	600	axe html-has-lang · Alfa sia-r4 · ACT b5c3f8
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes	379	axe aria-allowed-attr · Alfa sia-r18 · ACT 5c01ea
Links must have discernible text	246	axe link-name · Alfa sia-r11 · ACT c487ae
Form elements must have labels	219	axe label · Alfa sia-r8 · ACT e086e5
Headings should not be empty	19	axe empty-heading · Alfa sia-r64 · ACT ffd0e9
ARIA commands must have an accessible name	11	axe aria-command-name · Alfa sia-r12 · ACT 97a4e1