www.cdc.gov: Accessibility — week 2026-W33

Automated Accessibility Conformance Report (OpenACR): Download ACR. Machine-readable; compatible with GSA OpenACR tooling. Automated tools find ~⅓ of real barriers — supplement with manual AT testing.

Training priorities

Top WCAG success criteria by pages affected this week. Use these to focus team training on the highest-impact issues.

SC	Criterion	Pages	Rules
1.4.3	Contrast (Minimum)	770	2
2.5.5	WCAG 2.5.5	749	1
1.1.1	Non-text Content (images, icons)	677	2
3.1.1	Language of Page	660	2
1.4.6	WCAG 1.4.6	646	1

Next 10 actions

Clusters are fingerprinted by normalized selector path + rule id + snippet shape. Rank score = (severity weight × pages affected) / distinct components for the rule. This supersedes the template threshold heuristic while still surfacing it as a validation signal.

Top 10 clustered component fixes for this week.
Cluster	Severity	Pages	Who it affects	How to fix	Evidence	Decision
<html> element must have a lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~516 finding(s) on 516 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Serious	516	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should have one main landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~576 finding(s) on 576 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html>`	Moderate	576	Requires manual testing.	Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Page should contain a level-one heading · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~188 finding(s) on 188 page(s). XPath / selector: `html` `<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">`	Moderate	188	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document has a valid lang attribute · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~144 finding(s) on 144 page(s). XPath / selector: `<html>`	Moderate	144	Without vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Form elements must have labels · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~176 finding(s) on 176 page(s). XPath / selector: `#searchBox` `<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">`	Critical	176	Without vision, Limited vision, Limited manipulation/strength	Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Form elements should have a visible label · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~141 finding(s) on 141 page(s). XPath / selector: `.smallfield` `<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="插入電子郵件" value="插入電子郵件" onfocus="this.value=''">`	Serious	141	Requires manual testing.	See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~886 finding(s) on 886 page(s). XPath / selector: `.page-right-rail__static` `<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">`	Moderate	886	Requires manual testing.	When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Document should have one main landmark · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~174 finding(s) on 174 page(s). XPath / selector: `#js` `<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en" id="js">`	Moderate	174	Requires manual testing.	Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
aria attribute is permitted for element role · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~350 finding(s) on 350 page(s). XPath / selector: `@aria-label="Official website of the United States government"`	Moderate	350	Requires manual testing.	Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes
Images must have alternative text · unattributed component Fix one place, resolve ~362 finding(s) on 362 page(s). XPath / selector: `img[height="10"][alt=" "][src$="spacer.gif"]` `<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="1" height="10" alt=" " border="0">`	Critical	362	Without vision, Limited vision, Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability	Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.	pages (CSV)	Decision Assigned to Notes

Bug reports

33 issue type(s) are shown by default out of 80 total. Prioritized by severity, key pages, WCAG level, and prevalence; use the toggle to show everything.

Overall severity mix: 6 critical, 19 serious, 50 moderate, 5 minor. By WCAG category: 34 WCAG 2.0 A, 4 WCAG 2.0 AA, 1 WCAG 2.1 A, 1 WCAG 2.2 AA, 5 WCAG 2.x AAA, 17 Best Practice, 18 Undetermined. Ordered by severity, key-page impact, WCAG level, and prevalence. Following accessibility bug-reporting best practices. Download: Markdown · JSON (full archive) · JSON (AI diagnostic) · CSV (all findings) · Priority pages CSV · Priority pages JSON.

Automated testing does not establish full WCAG conformance. Findings in the verification lane require manual testing before they are treated as confirmed failures.

The 50 highest-priority findings are shown in full; 30 more lower-priority finding(s) are summarised at the end of the page, and every finding is in the CSV/JSON downloads.

6 finding(s) marked "possible duplicate" — Alfa and axe-core both flagged the same WCAG SC on overlapping pages. If they target the same element, the axe-core report is authoritative. Filter the CSV by possible_duplicate_of to see these. Two engines flagging the same barrier reduces the chance of a false positive.

Findings needing review

These findings need manual verification before they can be treated as confirmed failures. Obligation remains visible for each finding.

Serious axe color-contrast WCAG 2.0 AA Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds (WCAG 1.4.3) 537/3332 pages · 839 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-7daef15a
Pattern ID: VS-be8d563e
Combined ID: VS-7daef15a (pattern VS-be8d563e) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<font color="red">Persons using assistive technology might not be able to fully access information in this file. For assistance, please send e-mail to: </font>

Description

Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds. Detected by axe-core rule color-contrast on 537 of 3332 scanned pages (839 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: a[name="content_area"] > font[color="red"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule color-contrast against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 537 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase the contrast between text and its background to at least 4.5:1 (3:1 for large text). Check both light and dark modes.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/color-contrast?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe image-alt WCAG 2.0 A Images must have alternative text (WCAG 1.1.1) 528/3332 pages · 5979 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-39c656a3
Pattern ID: VS-9074b4dd
Combined ID: VS-39c656a3 (pattern VS-9074b4dd) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Images must have alternative text [image-alt]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" " border="0">

Description

Images must have alternative text. Detected by axe-core rule image-alt on 528 of 3332 scanned pages (5979 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: td[rowspan="2"][width="10"]:nth-child(1) > img[alt=" "][width="10"][src$="spacer.gif"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule image-alt against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 528 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> a meaningful alt attribute. Use alt="" only for decorative images so screen readers skip them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/image-alt?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe html-has-lang WCAG 2.0 A <html> element must have a lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 516/3332 pages · 516 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-972c1ea7
Pattern ID: VS-c126b6a6
Combined ID: VS-972c1ea7 (pattern VS-c126b6a6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

<html> element must have a lang attribute. Detected by axe-core rule html-has-lang on 516 of 3332 scanned pages (516 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule html-has-lang against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 516 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a lang attribute to <html> (e.g. lang="en").

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/html-has-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-name WCAG 2.0 A Links must have discernible text (WCAG 2.4.4) 231/3332 pages · 567 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-f99a9112
Pattern ID: VS-e9fe47ac
Combined ID: VS-f99a9112 (pattern VS-e9fe47ac) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must have discernible text [link-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
XPath / selector: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/"><img src="http://www.cdc.gov/navimages/nav21.gif" border="0" alt=" " width="140" height="8"></a>

Description

Links must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule link-name on 231 of 3332 scanned pages (567 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
Locate the element: table[cellpadding="0"]:nth-child(2) > tbody > tr > td[width="140"] > a[href$="cdc.gov/"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-name against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 231 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link discernible text. Avoid empty links and icon-only links without an aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe label WCAG 2.0 A Form elements must have labels (WCAG 4.1.2) 186/3332 pages · 188 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-5dc15830
Pattern ID: VS-fafffee0
Combined ID: VS-5dc15830 (pattern VS-fafffee0) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Form elements must have labels [label]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w
XPath / selector: #searchBox
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256" type="text" style="width: 230px;">

Description

Form elements must have labels. Detected by axe-core rule label on 186 of 3332 scanned pages (188 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm?s_cid=mm6401a6_w.
Locate the element: #searchBox
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 186 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate every form control with a <label> (via for/id) or an aria-label/aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe link-in-text-block WCAG 2.0 A Links must be distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.1) 70/3332 pages · 107 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-0626c044
Pattern ID: VS-8ade3360
Combined ID: VS-0626c044 (pattern VS-8ade3360) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html
XPath / selector: .all-pages
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a class="all-pages" href="#toc">All pages <span class="cdc-fa-arrow-down-long"></span></a>

Description

Links must be distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by axe-core rule link-in-text-block on 70 of 3332 scanned pages (107 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html.
Locate the element: .all-pages
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule link-in-text-block against WCAG 1.4.1 Use of Color.

Impact

Affects Without color perception (4.5%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Without color perception — 4.5% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 70 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/link-in-text-block?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe frame-title WCAG 2.0 A Frames must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 34/3332 pages · 53 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-86e094c6
Pattern ID: VS-3f76c7ea
Combined ID: VS-86e094c6 (pattern VS-3f76c7ea) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html
XPath / selector: iframe
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<iframe src="//www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/Oe95Rf5DByg?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.cdc.gov?autohide=0&enablejsapi=1&modestbranding=1&rel=0&origin=https://www.

Description

Frames must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule frame-title on 34 of 3332 scanned pages (53 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html.
Locate the element: iframe
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule frame-title against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 34 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <iframe> a descriptive title attribute.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/frame-title?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe list WCAG 2.0 A <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements (WCAG 1.3.1) 28/3332 pages · 39 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c1979758
Pattern ID: VS-a0bdbdf6
Combined ID: VS-c1979758 (pattern VS-a0bdbdf6) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm
XPath / selector: ol[type="1"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<ol type="1">

Description

<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements. Detected by axe-core rule list on 28 of 3332 scanned pages (39 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm.
Locate the element: ol[type="1"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule list against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 28 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use <ul>/<ol> with only <li> children for lists; don't fake lists with <div>s.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/list?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe scrollable-region-focusable WCAG 2.0 A Scrollable region must have keyboard access (WCAG 2.1.1) 19/3332 pages · 31 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-b1165b33
Pattern ID: VS-c613c153
Combined ID: VS-b1165b33 (pattern VS-c613c153) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.1.1 Keyboard (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
XPath / selector: .cdc-textblock:nth-child(2) > .table-responsive > div
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div style="overflow-x: auto;">

Description

Scrollable region must have keyboard access. Detected by axe-core rule scrollable-region-focusable on 19 of 3332 scanned pages (31 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html.
Locate the element: .cdc-textblock:nth-child(2) > .table-responsive > div
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule scrollable-region-focusable against WCAG 2.1.1 Keyboard.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Make scrollable regions keyboard-focusable (tabindex="0") so keyboard users can scroll them.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/scrollable-region-focusable?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe td-headers-attr WCAG 2.0 A Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl (WCAG 1.3.1) 19/3332 pages · 22 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-ac68b345
Pattern ID: VS-07ba3b17
Combined ID: VS-ac68b345 (pattern VS-07ba3b17) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl [td-headers-attr]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html
XPath / selector: table
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<table class="table table-bordered">

Description

Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same tabl. Detected by axe-core rule td-headers-attr on 19 of 3332 scanned pages (22 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html.
Locate the element: table
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule td-headers-attr against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate data cells with their headers correctly using headers/id or scope.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/td-headers-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-command-name WCAG 2.0 A ARIA commands must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 12/3332 pages · 261 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-a36aa766
Pattern ID: VS-5c82bd60
Combined ID: VS-a36aa766 (pattern VS-5c82bd60) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html
XPath / selector: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<span role="button" class="sort-icon"><svg class="up" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 10 5"><path d="M0 5l5-5 5 5z"></path></svg><svg class="down" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" vi

Description

ARIA commands must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-command-name on 12 of 3332 scanned pages (261 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html.
Locate the element: th[aria-labelledby=":r3:-heading-0"] > .sort-icon[role="button"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-command-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the command (button/link/menuitem) an accessible name via text or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-command-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe nested-interactive WCAG 2.0 A Interactive controls must not be nested (WCAG 4.1.2) 9/3332 pages · 19 instances

Bug ID: VS-01f1fb41
Pattern ID: VS-58301a87
Combined ID: VS-01f1fb41 (pattern VS-58301a87) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html
XPath / selector: #acc-header-2
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="card-header h4 bg-white rounded-0 collapsed" role="tab" id="acc-header-2" href="#acc-panel-2" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#accordion-2" aria-controls="acc-panel-2" aria-expanded="f

Description

Interactive controls must not be nested. Detected by axe-core rule nested-interactive on 9 of 3332 scanned pages (19 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html.
Locate the element: #acc-header-2
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule nested-interactive against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Don't nest interactive controls (e.g. a button inside a link); split them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/nested-interactive?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe select-name WCAG 2.0 A Select element must have an accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 8/3332 pages · 14 instances

Bug ID: VS-63e5ebf6
Pattern ID: VS-fab92378
Combined ID: VS-63e5ebf6 (pattern VS-fab92378) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html
XPath / selector: #medicine
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<select id="medicine" onchange="window.location = this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;">

Description

Select element must have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule select-name on 8 of 3332 scanned pages (14 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html.
Locate the element: #medicine
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule select-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the <select> an accessible name via a <label> or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/select-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe blink WCAG 2.0 A <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used (WCAG 2.2.2) 8/3332 pages · 8 instances

Bug ID: VS-05c65358
Pattern ID: VS-4b45acfe
Combined ID: VS-05c65358 (pattern VS-4b45acfe) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm
XPath / selector: blink
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (9 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<blink><big><strong>Disclaimer</strong></big></blink>

Description

<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used. Detected by axe-core rule blink on 8 of 3332 scanned pages (8 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm.
Locate the element: blink
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule blink against WCAG 2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide.

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/blink?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe listitem WCAG 2.0 A <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> (WCAG 1.3.1) 5/3332 pages · 38 instances

Bug ID: VS-f465443a
Pattern ID: VS-6175596b
Combined ID: VS-f465443a (pattern VS-6175596b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — <li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html
XPath / selector: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<li>Gives healthcare providers a better view of organs, blood vessels, tissues, and bones.</li>

Description

<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol>. Detected by axe-core rule listitem on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (38 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html.
Locate the element: .table-row.row[role="row"]:nth-child(1) > .table-col[role="cell"][data-col="2"] > li:nth-child(1)
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule listitem against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: <li> must be inside a <ul> or <ol>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/listitem?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe button-name WCAG 2.0 A Buttons must have discernible text (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3332 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-5fd1232c
Pattern ID: VS-e7298c00
Combined ID: VS-5fd1232c (pattern VS-e7298c00) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing
XPath / selector: #search__icon
History: first seen 2026-W26, last seen 2026-W33 (7 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<button id="search__icon" class="c-search__icon"></button>

Description

Buttons must have discernible text. Detected by axe-core rule button-name on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/testing.
Locate the element: #search__icon
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule button-name against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the button an accessible name via its text content, aria-label, or aria-labelledby.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/button-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe valid-lang WCAG 2.0 AA lang attribute must have a valid value (WCAG 3.1.2) 2/3332 pages · 3 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-dc600ade
Pattern ID: VS-dd1c019f
Combined ID: VS-dc600ade (pattern VS-dd1c019f) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.2 Language of Parts (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]
Example URL: https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html
XPath / selector: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (6 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<a lang="__" class="cdc-block-link" href="/bird-flu/media/pdfs/2024/12/how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjobal-poster.pdf" aria-label="Download" download="how-bird-flu-can-spread-dairy-farm-qanjob

Description

lang attribute must have a valid value. Detected by axe-core rule valid-lang on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (3 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://%5C%5C%5C%5Ccdc.gov%5C%5Cproject%5C%5COPHSS_CSELS_DPHID_MMWR_OD_Editors%5C%5CMMWR-WE%5C%5Cxxx%20-%20AUGUST%2021%5C%5CRoundtable%5C%5Cvqf8@cdc.gov/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html.
Locate the element: .dfe-curated-link__download.has-content > .download-container > .cdc-block-link[lang="__"][aria-label="Download"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule valid-lang against WCAG 3.1.2 Language of Parts.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/valid-lang?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe document-title WCAG 2.0 A Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation (WCAG 2.4.2) 2/3332 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-62e50b4f
Pattern ID: VS-c80d5faa
Combined ID: VS-62e50b4f (pattern VS-c80d5faa) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.2 Page Titled (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation [document-title]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (5 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation. Detected by axe-core rule document-title on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule document-title against WCAG 2.4.2 Page Titled.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the page a unique, descriptive <title>.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/document-title?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-prohibited-attr WCAG 2.0 A Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2) 2/3332 pages · 2 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-8fd0c1ab
Pattern ID: VS-ebb1c464
Combined ID: VS-8fd0c1ab (pattern VS-ebb1c464) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307
XPath / selector: #UNIQUE3056890ef409a144
History: first seen 2026-W28, last seen 2026-W33 (6 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="cdc-card-slider cdc-video-slider slick-initialized slick-slider cdc-carousel-slider" id="UNIQUE3056890ef409a144" aria-label="Carousel">

Description

Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-prohibited-attr on 2 of 3332 scanned pages (2 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html?s_cid=so_togetherconsumertk0307.
Locate the element: #UNIQUE3056890ef409a144
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-prohibited-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-prohibited-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-allowed-attr WCAG 2.0 A Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes (WCAG 4.1.2) 1/3332 pages · 15 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-f0850ad4
Pattern ID: VS-1467ea8a
Combined ID: VS-f0850ad4 (pattern VS-1467ea8a) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes [aria-allowed-attr]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization
XPath / selector: #natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc
History: first seen 2026-W25, last seen 2026-W33 (6 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="text" id="natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="-1">

Description

Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-attr on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (15 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data-visualization.
Locate the element: #natality-mortality-trends_dashboard_desc
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-attr against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

/nchs/data-visualization

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Remove ARIA attributes that aren't allowed on this role/element.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-attr?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Critical axe aria-required-parent WCAG 2.0 A Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents (WCAG 1.3.1) 1/3332 pages · 1 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-bca3f9e5
Pattern ID: VS-f6d344d5
Combined ID: VS-bca3f9e5 (pattern VS-f6d344d5) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: axe-core — Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents [aria-required-parent]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html
XPath / selector: div[role="rowgroup"]
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W33 (4 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div role="rowgroup">

Description

Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents. Detected by axe-core rule aria-required-parent on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html.
Locate the element: div[role="rowgroup"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-required-parent against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Place this ARIA role inside its required parent role (e.g. an option must be inside a listbox).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-required-parent?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe region Best Practice All page content should be contained by landmarks (WCAG criterion undetermined) 3029/3332 pages · 24541 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c501f6a5
Pattern ID: VS-f18df681
Combined ID: VS-c501f6a5 (pattern VS-f18df681) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: img[width="5"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="../../images/nav01.gif" border="0" width="5" height="2" alt="Skip Navigation Links">

Description

All page content should be contained by landmarks. Detected by axe-core rule region on 3029 of 3332 scanned pages (24541 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: img[width="5"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule region.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 3029 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Wrap all page content in landmarks (header, nav, main, footer) so users can navigate by region.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/region?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe label-title-only Best Practice Form elements should have a visible label (WCAG criterion undetermined) 142/3332 pages · 142 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-1bf454ab
Pattern ID: VS-33841929
Combined ID: VS-1bf454ab (pattern VS-33841929) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
XPath / selector: .smallfield
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<input class="smallfield" type="text" name="email" size="15" title="插入電子郵件" value="插入電子郵件" onfocus="this.value=''">

Description

Form elements should have a visible label. Detected by axe-core rule label-title-only on 142 of 3332 scanned pages (142 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
Locate the element: .smallfield
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule label-title-only.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 142 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/label-title-only?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe aria-dialog-name Best Practice ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name (WCAG criterion undetermined) 5/3332 pages · 10 instances

Bug ID: VS-c53236e3
Pattern ID: VS-fa724f90
Combined ID: VS-c53236e3 (pattern VS-fa724f90) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition
XPath / selector: #contentwarningindex
History: first seen 2026-W29, last seen 2026-W33 (5 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div class="modal fade show" id="contentwarningindex" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="contentwarningindexLabel" aria-modal="true" style="display: block;">

Description

ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name. Detected by axe-core rule aria-dialog-name on 5 of 3332 scanned pages (10 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/wtc/exhibition.
Locate the element: #contentwarningindex
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-dialog-name.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the dialog an accessible name (aria-label or aria-labelledby).

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-dialog-name?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Serious axe tabindex Best Practice Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero (WCAG criterion undetermined) 1/3332 pages · 1 instances Likely content

Bug ID: VS-7361031e
Pattern ID: VS-7430f84c
Combined ID: VS-7361031e (pattern VS-7430f84c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html
XPath / selector: #playImage
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (4 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<div id="playImage" tabindex="9999" role="button" aria-label="play" onkeydown="cp.CPPlayButtonHandle(event)" onclick="cp.movie.play()" style="position: absolute; display: block; vertical-align: middle

Description

Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero. Detected by axe-core rule tabindex on 1 of 3332 scanned pages (1 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/cme/index.html.
Locate the element: #playImage
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule tabindex.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

/malaria/cme/index.html

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Avoid tabindex values greater than 0; they create a confusing tab order.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/tabindex?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r113 WCAG 2.2 AA Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) (WCAG 2.5.8) 265/3332 pages · 2641 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2c74fca8
Pattern ID: VS-179ad9b3
Combined ID: VS-2c74fca8 (pattern VS-179ad9b3) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.2 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.2)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="#content_area">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r113 on 265 of 3332 scanned pages (2641 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r113 against WCAG 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%), Limited reach (2.0%), Limited vision (2.4%).

Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population
Limited reach — 2.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 265 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r113

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r69 WCAG 2.0 AA Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) (WCAG 1.4.3) 233/3332 pages · 1333 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-37db5888
Pattern ID: VS-f7e99f4b
Combined ID: VS-37db5888 (pattern VS-f7e99f4b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 AA
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html
XPath / selector: text: "Related Pages"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r69 on 233 of 3332 scanned pages (1333 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html.
Locate the element: text: "Related Pages"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r69 against WCAG 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum).

Impact

Affects Limited vision (2.4%), Without color perception (4.5%).

Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Without color perception — 4.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 233 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AA (4.5:1, or 3:1 for large text).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r69

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r2 WCAG 2.0 A Image has accessible name (WCAG 1.1.1) 149/3332 pages · 1744 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-a65ee0ad
Pattern ID: VS-a24eaa8c
Combined ID: VS-a65ee0ad (pattern VS-a24eaa8c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.1.1 Non-text Content (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Image has accessible name [sia-r2]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Image has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r2 on 149 of 3332 scanned pages (1744 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <img src="../../images/spacer.gif" width="10" height="1" alt=" ">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r2 against WCAG 1.1.1 Non-text Content.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 149 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give every <img> an accessible name (alt text), or alt="" if purely decorative.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r2

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r4 WCAG 2.0 A Document has a valid lang attribute (WCAG 3.1.1) 144/3332 pages · 144 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-58b1318c
Pattern ID: VS-7a0e5645
Combined ID: VS-58b1318c (pattern VS-7a0e5645) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 3.1.1 Language of Page (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <html>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Document has a valid lang attribute. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r4 on 144 of 3332 scanned pages (144 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <html>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r4 against WCAG 3.1.1 Language of Page.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 144 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Add a valid lang attribute to <html>.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r4

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r14 WCAG 2.1 A Accessible name of link or button matches visible label (WCAG 2.5.3) 93/3332 pages · 221 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-9524fa70
Pattern ID: VS-f7dba940
Combined ID: VS-9524fa70 (pattern VS-f7dba940) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.1 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.3 Label in Name (Level A, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
XPath / selector: <a href="/drink-less-be-your-best/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Drink Less, Be Your Best">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Accessible name of link or button matches visible label. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r14 on 93 of 3332 scanned pages (221 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html.
Locate the element: <a href="/drink-less-be-your-best/index.html" class="cdc-footer__super-title" aria-label="Drink Less, Be Your Best">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r14 against WCAG 2.5.3 Label in Name.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Without speech (0.5%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Without speech — 0.5% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 93 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r14

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r68 WCAG 2.0 A Presentational children of an element are not focusable (WCAG 1.3.1) 91/3332 pages · 1157 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-33bd6b21
Pattern ID: VS-d6097011
Combined ID: VS-33bd6b21 (pattern VS-d6097011) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html
XPath / selector: <ul>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Presentational children of an element are not focusable. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r68 on 91 of 3332 scanned pages (1157 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html.
Locate the element: <ul>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r68 against WCAG 1.3.1 Info and Relationships.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 91 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r68

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r11 WCAG 2.0 A Link has accessible name (WCAG 2.4.4) 63/3332 pages · 121 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-6983ffbd
Pattern ID: VS-28ebd979
Combined ID: VS-6983ffbd (pattern VS-28ebd979) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context) (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link has accessible name [sia-r11]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Link has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r11 on 63 of 3332 scanned pages (121 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r11 against WCAG 2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context).

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability (11.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited cognitive, language, or learning ability — 11.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 63 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Give the link an accessible name via text content or aria-label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r11

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r8 WCAG 2.0 A Form field has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) 43/3332 pages · 45 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-2101b9c8
Pattern ID: VS-a48e6078
Combined ID: VS-2101b9c8 (pattern VS-a48e6078) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.0 A
Obligation: required
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value (Level A, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
XPath / selector: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Form field has accessible name. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r8 on 43 of 3332 scanned pages (45 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w.
Locate the element: <input id="searchBox" class="searchBox" name="query" maxlength="256">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r8 against WCAG 4.1.2 Name, Role, Value.

Impact

Affects Without vision (1.0%), Limited vision (2.4%), Limited manipulation/strength (13.0%).

Without vision — 1.0% of population
Limited vision — 2.4% of population
Limited manipulation/strength — 13.0% of population

Affected pages

…and more — all 43 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Associate the form field with a label.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r8

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-unique Best Practice Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c (WCAG criterion undetermined) 895/3332 pages · 911 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-1b9e3162
Pattern ID: VS-8806389c
Combined ID: VS-1b9e3162 (pattern VS-8806389c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c [landmark-unique]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html
XPath / selector: .page-right-rail__static
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<aside class="page-right-rail__static noindex" role="complementary" style="margin-top: 47px;">

Description

Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) c. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-unique on 895 of 3332 scanned pages (911 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html.
Locate the element: .page-right-rail__static
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-unique.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 895 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: When a landmark role/type repeats (e.g. two <nav>s), give each a distinct accessible name with aria-label or aria-labelledby (e.g. "Primary" and "Footer" navigation) so screen-reader users can tell them apart.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-unique?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe heading-order Best Practice Heading levels should only increase by one (WCAG criterion undetermined) 874/3332 pages · 1233 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-9731934b
Pattern ID: VS-d25f622d
Combined ID: VS-9731934b (pattern VS-d25f622d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: h3
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<h3>References </h3>

Description

Heading levels should only increase by one. Detected by axe-core rule heading-order on 874 of 3332 scanned pages (1233 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: h3
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule heading-order.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 874 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use heading levels in order (h1 → h2 → h3) without skipping; structure, not size.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/heading-order?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe landmark-one-main Best Practice Document should have one main landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) 752/3332 pages · 752 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-30ac8921
Pattern ID: VS-d5d82446
Combined ID: VS-30ac8921 (pattern VS-d5d82446) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html>

Description

Document should have one main landmark. Detected by axe-core rule landmark-one-main on 752 of 3332 scanned pages (752 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule landmark-one-main.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 752 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Each page should have exactly one <main> landmark.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/landmark-one-main?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r111 WCAG 2.x AAA Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) (WCAG 2.5.5) 749/3332 pages · 23373 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-496a1e92
Pattern ID: VS-cb53cc4d
Combined ID: VS-496a1e92 (pattern VS-cb53cc4d) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.1)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <a href="#content_area">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced). Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r111 on 749 of 3332 scanned pages (23373 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <a href="#content_area">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r111 against WCAG 2.5.5 Target Size (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 749 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r111

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r66 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has enhanced contrast (WCAG 1.4.6) 646/3332 pages · 20161 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-9c83bef6
Pattern ID: VS-646b1e0b
Combined ID: VS-9c83bef6 (pattern VS-646b1e0b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
XPath / selector: text: " Here's how you know "
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Text has enhanced contrast. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r66 on 646 of 3332 scanned pages (20161 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
Locate the element: text: " Here's how you know "
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r66 against WCAG 1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced).

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 646 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Increase text contrast to meet WCAG AAA (7:1).

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r66

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r57 Undetermined Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard (WCAG criterion undetermined) 551/3332 pages · 8159 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c8c18a64
Pattern ID: VS-c18be945
Combined ID: VS-c8c18a64 (pattern VS-c18be945) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
XPath / selector: text: "Skip directly to search"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r57 on 551 of 3332 scanned pages (8159 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
Locate the element: text: "Skip directly to search"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r57.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 551 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r57

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r18 Undetermined aria attribute is permitted for element role (WCAG criterion undetermined) 396/3332 pages · 419 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-bff6cb77
Pattern ID: VS-e05344b9
Combined ID: VS-bff6cb77 (pattern VS-e05344b9) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html
XPath / selector: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

aria attribute is permitted for element role. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r18 on 396 of 3332 scanned pages (419 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html.
Locate the element: @aria-label="Official website of the United States government"
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r18.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 396 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Only use ARIA states/properties that are allowed on this element/role.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r18

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r74 WCAG 2.x AAA Link is distinguishable without relying on color (WCAG 1.4.8) 277/3332 pages · 12407 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-0da32f50
Pattern ID: VS-fbf54eba
Combined ID: VS-0da32f50 (pattern VS-fbf54eba) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Link is distinguishable without relying on color. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r74 on 277 of 3332 scanned pages (12407 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <p style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 8pt; color: #333333;">
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r74 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 277 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r74

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r73 WCAG 2.x AAA Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 (WCAG 1.4.8) 234/3332 pages · 77297 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-f519d515
Pattern ID: VS-2208081b
Combined ID: VS-f519d515 (pattern VS-2208081b) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: WCAG 2.x AAA
Obligation: aspirational
Handling: review
WCAG SC: 1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA, WCAG 2.0)
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <p>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r73 on 234 of 3332 scanned pages (77297 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <p>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r73 against WCAG 1.4.8 Visual Presentation.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 234 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r73

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r53 Undetermined Headings are structured hierarchically (WCAG criterion undetermined) 229/3332 pages · 331 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-b83a0101
Pattern ID: VS-f054f4a4
Combined ID: VS-b83a0101 (pattern VS-f054f4a4) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: <h3>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Headings are structured hierarchically. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r53 on 229 of 3332 scanned pages (331 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: <h3>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r53.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 229 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Use headings in a logical, non-skipping order.

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r53

Triage status Notes

Moderate axe page-has-heading-one Best Practice Page should contain a level-one heading (WCAG criterion undetermined) 188/3332 pages · 188 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-1c701162
Pattern ID: VS-fa44f293
Combined ID: VS-1c701162 (pattern VS-fa44f293) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm
XPath / selector: html
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<html lang="en-us" class="cdc-theme-cdc cdc-page-type--home" style="--mobile-header-offset: 0px;">

Description

Page should contain a level-one heading. Detected by axe-core rule page-has-heading-one on 188 of 3332 scanned pages (188 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm.
Locate the element: html
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule page-has-heading-one.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 188 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/page-has-heading-one?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Minor axe aria-allowed-role Best Practice ARIA role should be appropriate for the element (WCAG criterion undetermined) 178/3332 pages · 196 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-1bc225a7
Pattern ID: VS-4fac2f41
Combined ID: VS-1bc225a7 (pattern VS-4fac2f41) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]
Example URL: http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html
XPath / selector: img[role="presentation"]
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<img src="/niosh/docs/2008-118/images/cover.png" alt="First Responders: Encourage Your Workers to Report Bloodborne Pathogen Exposures" role="presentation">

Description

ARIA role should be appropriate for the element. Detected by axe-core rule aria-allowed-role on 178 of 3332 scanned pages (196 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html.
Locate the element: img[role="presentation"]
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule aria-allowed-role.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 178 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

How to fix: Remove or change the ARIA role — it isn't allowed on this element type.

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/aria-allowed-role?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r70 Undetermined No obsolete or deprecated elements are used (WCAG criterion undetermined) 175/3332 pages · 175 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-06de3326
Pattern ID: VS-3d033717
Combined ID: VS-06de3326 (pattern VS-3d033717) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm
XPath / selector: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

No obsolete or deprecated elements are used. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r70 on 175 of 3332 scanned pages (175 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm.
Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"element","children":[{"type":"element","
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r70.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 175 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r70

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r61 Undetermined Form field label is visible (WCAG criterion undetermined) 91/3332 pages · 91 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-c7bd959a
Pattern ID: VS-7118fead
Combined ID: VS-c7bd959a (pattern VS-7118fead) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Form field label is visible [sia-r61]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w
XPath / selector: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Form field label is visible. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r61 on 91 of 3332 scanned pages (91 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm?s_cid=mm6128a2_w.
Locate the element: {"type":"document","children":[{"type":"type","name":"html","publicId":"-//W3C//
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r61.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 91 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r61

Triage status Notes

Moderate deprecated-html presentational-attr Undetermined Presentational attribute (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) 84/3332 pages · 18963 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-7b22a967
Pattern ID: VS-04a9d28c
Combined ID: VS-7b22a967 (pattern VS-04a9d28c) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: deprecated-html — Presentational attribute (use CSS) [presentational-attr]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm
XPath / selector: body
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<body bgcolor="#ffffff" leftmargin="0" topmargin="0" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" background="../../../images/bkgnd.gif" class=" dmat-load-complete">

<!--webbot bot="Include" U-Include="../../../

Description

Presentational attribute (use CSS). Detected by deprecated-html rule presentational-attr on 84 of 3332 scanned pages (18963 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2008/apr/07_0108_zht.htm.
Locate the element: body
Confirm the deprecated-html finding for rule presentational-attr.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 84 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: deprecated-html, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Triage status Notes

Minor axe empty-table-header Best Practice Table header text should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) 60/3332 pages · 194 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-8463638c
Pattern ID: VS-d69fc059
Combined ID: VS-8463638c (pattern VS-d69fc059) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Best Practice
Obligation: advisory
Handling: review
WCAG SC: Best Practice — not a WCAG requirement
Rule: axe-core — Table header text should not be empty [empty-table-header]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html
XPath / selector: .text-center[rowspan="2"]:nth-child(1)
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

HTML snippet — use this to validate the finding without re-running the tool

<th class="text-center" rowspan="2"></th>

Description

Table header text should not be empty. Detected by axe-core rule empty-table-header on 60 of 3332 scanned pages (194 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html.
Locate the element: .text-center[rowspan="2"]:nth-child(1)
Confirm the axe-core finding for rule empty-table-header.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 60 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: axe-core, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://dequeuniversity.com/rules/axe/4.12/empty-table-header?application=axeAPI

Triage status Notes

Moderate alfa sia-r78 Undetermined Table header has scope (WCAG criterion undetermined) 50/3332 pages · 65 instances Likely template

Bug ID: VS-101e6e27
Pattern ID: VS-2cd767ca
Combined ID: VS-101e6e27 (pattern VS-2cd767ca) — use this format in JIRA/spreadsheets to filter by instance or pattern
WCAG category: Undetermined
Obligation: unmapped
Handling: review
WCAG SC: undetermined
Rule: Siteimprove Alfa — Table header has scope [sia-r78]
Example URL: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w
XPath / selector: <h5>
History: first seen 2026-W24, last seen 2026-W33 (10 wk)

Description

Table header has scope. Detected by Siteimprove Alfa rule sia-r78 on 50 of 3332 scanned pages (65 instances).

Steps to reproduce

Open https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm?s_cid=ss6621a1_w.
Locate the element: <h5>
Confirm the Siteimprove Alfa finding for rule sia-r78.

Impact

Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Affected pages

…and more — all 50 pages (CSV).

Testing environment

Automated: Siteimprove Alfa, headless Chromium (Playwright). Manual AT verification: Not captured by automated scan — requires manual testing.

Suggested fix

See remediation guidance: https://alfa.siteimprove.com/rules/sia-r78

Triage status Notes

30 more lower-priority finding(s) — summary only

Full detail — steps, affected pages, snippets — for these and every finding is in the CSV.

Severity	Finding	WCAG category	Pages
Moderate	Obsolete <font> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [font-element]	Undetermined	47
Moderate	Obsolete <big> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [big-element]	Undetermined	33
Moderate	The skip-link target should exist and be focusable (WCAG criterion undetermined) [skip-link]	Best Practice	19
Moderate	Duplicate role landmark is labeled (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r79]	Undetermined	18
Moderate	Obsolete <center> element (use CSS) (WCAG criterion undetermined) [center-element]	Undetermined	17
Moderate	scope attribute should be used correctly (WCAG criterion undetermined) [scope-attr-valid]	Best Practice	14
Moderate	Input purpose can be determined (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r60]	Undetermined	11
Moderate	Table cell has header (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r77]	WCAG 2.0 A	9
Moderate	Element has required aria-owns (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r46]	WCAG 2.0 A	9
Minor	Headings should not be empty (WCAG criterion undetermined) [empty-heading]	Best Practice	7
Moderate	aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r45]	WCAG 2.0 A	5
Moderate	Button has accessible name (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r12]	WCAG 2.0 A	5
Minor	Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text (WCAG criterion undetermined) [image-redundant-alt]	Best Practice	4
Moderate	Scrollable element is keyboard accessible (WCAG 1.4.8) [sia-r80]	WCAG 2.x AAA	3
Moderate	Assertive live region is marked as atomic (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r54]	Undetermined	3
Moderate	Element has required owned roles (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r64]	WCAG 2.0 A	3
Moderate	Element with orientation is not locked (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r59]	Undetermined	3
Moderate	Tables are used for tabular data, not layout (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r40]	Undetermined	3
Moderate	Info and Relationships (WCAG 1.3.1) [sia-r76]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color (WCAG 1.4.1) [sia-r62]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Keyboard (WCAG 2.1.1) [sia-r84]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Component with same name serves same purpose (WCAG 4.1.2) [sia-r90]	WCAG 2.0 A	2
Moderate	Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [landmark-banner-is-top-level]	Best Practice	1
Moderate	Document has a title element (WCAG 2.4.2) [sia-r1]	WCAG 2.0 A	1
Moderate	Document should not have more than one banner landmark (WCAG criterion undetermined) [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]	Best Practice	1
Moderate	First focusable element is link to main content (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r87]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Keyboard trap does not exist (WCAG criterion undetermined) [sia-r85]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Obsolete <blink> element (WCAG criterion undetermined) [blink-element]	Undetermined	1
Moderate	Zooming and scaling must not be disabled (WCAG 1.4.4) [meta-viewport]	WCAG 2.0 AA	1
Minor	Tables should not have the same summary and caption (WCAG criterion undetermined) [table-duplicate-name]	Best Practice	1

Deque axe-core findings

Rule-level axe-core summary (39 rule type(s))

Each failing rule links out to the axe-core documentation. For full element-level detail including HTML snippets and XPaths, see the bug reports above.

axe-core rules failing in 2026-W33, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
All page content should be contained by landmarks [region]	moderate	3029	24541	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /flu/vaccine-process/advances.html	all 3029 pages (CSV)
Landmarks should have a unique role or role/label/title (i.e. accessible name) combination [landmark-unique]	moderate	895	911	/flu/vaccine-process/advances.html /arthritis/hcp/self-management/index.html /fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html	all 895 pages (CSV)
Heading levels should only increase by one [heading-order]	moderate	874	1233	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6519a5.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm	all 874 pages (CSV)
Document should have one main landmark [landmark-one-main]	moderate	752	752	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm	all 752 pages (CSV)
Elements must meet minimum color contrast ratio thresholds [color-contrast]	serious	537	839	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5128a3.htm	all 537 pages (CSV)
Images must have alternative text [image-alt]	critical	528	5979	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 528 pages (CSV)
<html> element must have a lang attribute [html-has-lang]	serious	516	516	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 516 pages (CSV)
Links must have discernible text [link-name]	serious	231	567	/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm /pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm	all 231 pages (CSV)
Page should contain a level-one heading [page-has-heading-one]	moderate	188	188	/globalhealth/gdder/ierh/researchandsurvey/enasoftware.htm /vaccines/acip/recs/grade/pneumo-PCV15-PPSV23-risk-based-etr.html /dengue/hcp/index.html	all 188 pages (CSV)
Form elements must have labels [label]	critical	186	188	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6401a6.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6434a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm	all 186 pages (CSV)
ARIA role should be appropriate for the element [aria-allowed-role]	minor	178	196	/niosh/publications/numbered/2008-118.html /niosh/docs/2022-133 /niosh/docs/2011-154	all 178 pages (CSV)
Form elements should have a visible label [label-title-only]	serious	142	142	/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /pcd/issues/2011/mar/10_0056_es.htm /pcd/issues/2009/apr/08_0083.htm	all 142 pages (CSV)
Links must be distinguishable without relying on color [link-in-text-block]	serious	70	107	/infection-control/hcp/healthcare-personnel-epidemiology-control/pregnant-HCP.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6035a5.htm /hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html	all 70 pages (CSV)
Table header text should not be empty [empty-table-header]	minor	60	194	/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html /nchs/covid19/nhcs.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6008a3.htm	all 60 pages (CSV)
Frames must have an accessible name [frame-title]	serious	34	53	/pandemic-flu/basics/what-cdc-is-doing.html /advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-2-2.html /advanced-molecular-detection/php/training/module-1-2.html	all 34 pages (CSV)
<ul> and <ol> must only directly contain <li>, <script> or <template> elements [list]	serious	28	39	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00001662.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00018831.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm	all 28 pages (CSV)
Scrollable region must have keyboard access [scrollable-region-focusable]	serious	19	31	/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html /yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html /niosh/idlh/tin-org.html	all 19 pages (CSV)
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table [td-headers-attr]	serious	19	22	/yellow-book/hcp/travel-associated-infections-diseases/hepatitis-a.html /brfss/acbs/2011/prevalence_tables/table15.html /vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html	all 19 pages (CSV)
The skip-link target should exist and be focusable [skip-link]	moderate	19	19	/nchs/nhhcs.htm /pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm /pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm	all 19 pages (CSV)
scope attribute should be used correctly [scope-attr-valid]	moderate	14	315	/tobacco/php/tobacco-control-programs/program-funding.html /pcd/issues/2018/17_0407.htm /pcd/issues/2017/16_0469.htm	all 14 pages (CSV)
ARIA commands must have an accessible name [aria-command-name]	serious	12	261	/hepatitis-surveillance-2023/perinatal-hepatitis-b/figure-4-1.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-c/figure-3-4.html /cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html	all 12 pages (CSV)
Interactive controls must not be nested [nested-interactive]	serious	9	19	/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/asian-american.html /nchs/nvss/newsletters.htm /statesystem/factsheets/excisetax/ExciseTax.html	all 9 pages (CSV)
Select element must have an accessible name [select-name]	critical	8	14	/tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/quit-smoking/quit-smoking-medications/how-to-use-quit-smoking-medicines/how-to-use-nicotine-gum.html /nchs/products/hestats.htm	all 8 pages (CSV)
<blink> elements are deprecated and must not be used [blink]	serious	8	8	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss4909a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5503a1.htm	all 8 pages (CSV)
Headings should not be empty [empty-heading]	minor	7	7	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5508a7.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm	all 7 pages (CSV)
<li> elements must be contained in a <ul> or <ol> [listitem]	serious	5	38	/radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html /healthy-weight-growth/physical-activity/getting-started.html /lead-prevention/testing	all 5 pages (CSV)
ARIA dialog and alertdialog nodes should have an accessible name [aria-dialog-name]	serious	5	10	/wtc/exhibition /nhsn/covid19/ltc-report-overview.html /wtc/interest_ya.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
Alternative text of images should not be repeated as text [image-redundant-alt]	minor	4	5	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5210a1.htm /tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/poblaciones/index.html	all 4 pages (CSV)
lang attribute must have a valid value [valid-lang]	serious	2	3	/bird-flu/communication-resources/how-h5-bird-flu-spread-dairy-farm.html /natural-disasters/communication-resources/wash-your-hands-poster.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes [aria-prohibited-attr]	serious	2	2	/stophivtogether/hiv-testing/index.html /HIVTreatment	all 2 pages (CSV)
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation [document-title]	serious	2	2	/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html /breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-socio-dem.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Buttons must have discernible text [button-name]	critical	2	2	/hiv/testing /wtc/interest_ya.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Elements must only use supported ARIA attributes [aria-allowed-attr]	critical	1	15	/nchs/data-visualization	all 1 pages (CSV)
Tables should not have the same summary and caption [table-duplicate-name]	minor	1	2	/nchs/data-visualization	all 1 pages (CSV)
Banner landmark should not be contained in another landmark [landmark-banner-is-top-level]	moderate	1	1	/laboratory/sada/index.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Document should not have more than one banner landmark [landmark-no-duplicate-banner]	moderate	1	1	/laboratory/sada/index.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Zooming and scaling must not be disabled [meta-viewport]	moderate	1	1	/malaria/cme/index.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Elements should not have tabindex greater than zero [tabindex]	serious	1	1	/malaria/cme/index.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Certain ARIA roles must be contained by particular parents [aria-required-parent]	critical	1	1	/iis/2d-barcodes/implementation-toolkit.html	all 1 pages (CSV)

Siteimprove Alfa findings

Rule-level Alfa summary (36 rule type(s))

Rule-level summary from Siteimprove Alfa (W3C ACT-based). Findings that overlap with axe-core on the same WCAG success criterion are noted as possible duplicates in the bug reports above.

Alfa rules failing in 2026-W33, by pages affected
Rule	Impact	Pages affected	Instances	Example pages	All affected
Target size is at least 44×44 CSS pixels (Enhanced) [sia-r111]	n/a	749	23373	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm	all 749 pages (CSV)
Text has enhanced contrast [sia-r66]	n/a	646	20161	/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html	all 646 pages (CSV)
Scrolling content can be accessed by keyboard [sia-r57]	n/a	551	8159	/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html /drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html	all 551 pages (CSV)
aria attribute is permitted for element role [sia-r18]	n/a	396	419	/niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html /drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html	all 396 pages (CSV)
Link is distinguishable without relying on color [sia-r74]	n/a	277	12407	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /niosh/firefighters/ppe/index.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 277 pages (CSV)
Target size is at least 24×24 CSS pixels or has spacing (Minimum) [sia-r113]	n/a	265	2641	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 265 pages (CSV)
Text has minimum contrast ratio of 4.5:1 [sia-r73]	n/a	234	77297	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 234 pages (CSV)
Text has sufficient color contrast (Enhanced) [sia-r69]	n/a	233	1333	/fellowships/php/host-sites/index.html /drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html /radiation-health/data-research/facts-stats/imaging-procedures.html	all 233 pages (CSV)
Headings are structured hierarchically [sia-r53]	n/a	229	331	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4924a2.htm	all 229 pages (CSV)
No obsolete or deprecated elements are used [sia-r70]	n/a	175	175	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 175 pages (CSV)
Image has accessible name [sia-r2]	n/a	149	1744	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 149 pages (CSV)
Document has a valid lang attribute [sia-r4]	n/a	144	144	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5804a6.htm	all 144 pages (CSV)
Accessible name of link or button matches visible label [sia-r14]	n/a	93	221	/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html /fasd/es/about/acerca-de-los-trastornos-del-espectro-alcoholico-fetal-fasd.html	all 93 pages (CSV)
Presentational children of an element are not focusable [sia-r68]	n/a	91	1157	/drink-less-be-your-best/facts-about-excessive-drinking/index.html /emotional-well-being/managing-difficult-emotions/index.html /restaurant-food-safety/php/practices/kitchen-manager-certification.html	all 91 pages (CSV)
Form field label is visible [sia-r61]	n/a	91	91	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm /coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/index.html	all 91 pages (CSV)
Link has accessible name [sia-r11]	n/a	63	121	/pcd/issues/2006/oct/05_0243_zht.htm /pcd/issues/2006/jan/05_0109_zht.htm /pcd/issues/2011/sep/10_0286.htm	all 63 pages (CSV)
Table header has scope [sia-r78]	n/a	50	65	/mmwr/volumes/66/ss/ss6621a1.htm /pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm /laboratory/specimen-submission/detail.html	all 50 pages (CSV)
Form field has accessible name [sia-r8]	n/a	43	45	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6128a2.htm /tobacco/campaign/tips/spanish/dejar-fumar/medicamentos/que-medicamento-es-adecuado-para-usted/con-medicina.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6317a2.htm	all 43 pages (CSV)
Duplicate role landmark is labeled [sia-r79]	n/a	18	51	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00056669.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm4831a3.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/00055154.htm	all 18 pages (CSV)
Input purpose can be determined [sia-r60]	n/a	11	11	/pcd/issues/2012/11_0142_es.htm /pcd/issues/2014/13_0293_es.htm /pcd/issues/2013/12_0302_es.htm	all 11 pages (CSV)
Table cell has header [sia-r77]	n/a	9	11362	/niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6028md.htm /asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm	all 9 pages (CSV)
Element has required aria-owns [sia-r46]	n/a	9	137	/childvaxview/publications-resources/vaccine-coverage-among-children-usapi.html /niosh/nmam/nmam4th/method-w.html /breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html	all 9 pages (CSV)
aria-hidden element is not exposed to assistive technology [sia-r45]	n/a	5	999	/vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html /brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table5a_LLCP.html /brfss/acbs/2012/prevalence_tables/table13.html	all 5 pages (CSV)
Button has accessible name [sia-r12]	n/a	5	32	/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html /stophivtogether	all 5 pages (CSV)
Scrollable element is keyboard accessible [sia-r80]	n/a	3	21	/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html /pcd/collections/Community_Engagement.htm /pcd/collections/Combating_Racism_Through_Research.htm	all 3 pages (CSV)
Assertive live region is marked as atomic [sia-r54]	n/a	3	4	/cancer/hpv/diagnosis-by-age.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-7.html /hepatitis-surveillance-2022/hepatitis-a/figure-1-5.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
Tables are used for tabular data, not layout [sia-r40]	n/a	3	3	/globalhealth /vibrio/php/surveillance/annual-summary-2024.html /injury-icrc/php/centers/index.html	all 3 pages (CSV)
Element with orientation is not locked [sia-r59]	n/a	3	3	/mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6504md.htm /breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html /mmwr/volumes/65/wr/mm6543md.htm	all 3 pages (CSV)
Element has required owned roles [sia-r64]	n/a	3	3	/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5336a5.htm /mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5705a1.htm /pcd/issues/2011/jan/10_0245_es.htm	all 3 pages (CSV)
sia-r76	n/a	2	58	/asthma/nhis/2021/table5-2.htm /asthma/nhis/2021/table5-1.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
Link in text block is visually distinguishable without color [sia-r62]	n/a	2	9	/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html /mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5908a1.htm	all 2 pages (CSV)
sia-r84	n/a	2	5	/wtc/treatment.html /vams/hcp/resources/front-desk-user-manual.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
Component with same name serves same purpose [sia-r90]	n/a	2	2	/tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/american-indian-alaska-native.html /tobacco/campaign/tips/groups/african-american.html	all 2 pages (CSV)
First focusable element is link to main content [sia-r87]	n/a	1	1	/wtc/exhibition	all 1 pages (CSV)
Document has a title element [sia-r1]	n/a	1	1	/breastfeeding-data/modules/2023-rates-any-exclusive-bf-state.html	all 1 pages (CSV)
Keyboard trap does not exist [sia-r85]	n/a	1	1	/han/2024/han00512.html	all 1 pages (CSV)

Unique accessibility issues (axe + Alfa consolidated)

axe and Alfa both implement W3C ACT rules, so the same issue is often caught by both. These are deduplicated by ACT rule and page, so a shared finding counts once (12954 raw engine findings → 12541 unique).

Unique issues (rule × page): 12541
Caught by both engines: 412 highest confidence
axe only: 7979
Alfa only: 4150

9 rule type(s) caught by both engines — highest confidence

Two independent ACT-rule implementations (Deque axe-core and Siteimprove Alfa) flagged the same issue on the same pages. Agreement between separate engines is strong evidence the barrier is real, not a single-tool false positive — the best place to start.

Rules flagged by both axe-core and Alfa in 2026-W33, by pages affected.
Issue	Pages	Rule references
Images must have alternative text	528	axe image-alt · Alfa sia-r2 · ACT 23a2a8
<html> element must have a lang attribute	516	axe html-has-lang · Alfa sia-r4 · ACT b5c3f8
Elements must only use permitted ARIA attributes	398	axe aria-prohibited-attr · Alfa sia-r18 · ACT 5c01ea
Links must have discernible text	231	axe link-name · Alfa sia-r11 · ACT c487ae
Form elements must have labels	193	axe label · Alfa sia-r8 · ACT e086e5
Table cell headers attributes must refer to other <th> elements in the same table	19	axe td-headers-attr · Alfa sia-r45 · ACT a25f45
ARIA commands must have an accessible name	16	axe aria-command-name · Alfa sia-r12 · ACT 97a4e1
Headings should not be empty	7	axe empty-heading · Alfa sia-r64 · ACT ffd0e9
Documents must have <title> element to aid in navigation	2	axe document-title · Alfa sia-r1 · ACT 2779a5